The Courtesan Hinazuru of the Chôjiya, with two kamuro Tsuruji and Tsuruno

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From an untitled series of courtesans. ca. 1794. Woodblock print (nishiki-e); ink and color on paper. Kitagawa Utamaro I (Japanese, early 1750s–1806) Publisher: Murataya Jirobei (Eiyûdô) (Japanese). Japanese Edo period about 1794 (Kansei 6). Image provided by the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston.

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This image depicts three figures, a high ranking courtesan named Hinazuru and two kamuro. Multiple aspects point toward the high rank of this courtesan through her attire. The extravagant hair style with whale boning hair accessories as well as being escorted by two kamuro instead of one points toward the high status of this courtesan. Multiple patterns and colors indicate the kimono was of high quality, not to mention the immense amount of layers that showcased luxury and expense. Yet, the costs came at the expense of the courtesan and the large amount of debt often ensued to their employer to present this ideal femininity. This debt tied them to a contract with their brothel, preventing them from leaving until it was paid off which often took years, unless the contract was bought out from an external source. However this life was likely the only world courtesans knew as they were often sold to brothels by their parents at a young age around five to nine years old. This line of work was a cultural norm for women at the time, and one of the few opportunities for long-term employment and a sense of stability. Although it is not up to the standards of labor ethicality we value today from a Western perspective, this was an opportunity for women to escape rural poverty and hardship.