MING-QING REIGN PERIODS

MING DYNASTY

Hongwu/Taizu 1368–98

Jianwen/Huidi 1399–1402

Yongle/Chengzu 1403–24

Hongxi/Renzong 1425

Xuande/Xuanzong 1426–35

Zhengtong/Yingzong 1436–49

Jingtai/Daizong 1450–56

Tianshun/Yingzong 1457–64

Chenghua/Xianzong 1465–87

Hongzhi/Xiaozong 1488–1505

Zhengde/Wuzong 1506–21

Jiajing/Shizong 1522–66

Longqing/Muzong 1567–72

Wanli/Shenzong 1573–1619

Taichang/Guangzong 1620

Tianqi/Xizong 1621–27

Chongzhen/Sizong 1628–44

QING DYNASTY (TO 1850)

Taizu/Tianming 1616–26

Taizong/Tiancong, Chongde 1627–43

Shunzhi/Shizu 1644–61

Kangxi/Shengzu 1662–1722

Yongzheng/Shizong 1723–35

Qianlong/Gaozong 1736–95

Jiaqing/Renzong 1596–1820

Daoguang/Xuanzong 1821–50