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  1. ENGLISH TRAVELLERS
  2. OF THE RENAISSANCE
    1. BY
    2. CLARE HOWARD
    3. BURT FRANKLIN: BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCE SERIES #179
      1. 1914
    4. PREFACE
    5. INTRODUCTION
    6. CONTENTS
    7. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
    8. CHAPTER I
      1. THE BEGINNINGS OF TRAVEL FOR CULTURE
    9. CHAPTER II
      1. THE HIGH PURPOSE OF THE ELIZABETHAN TRAVELLER
    10. CHAPTER III
      1. SOME CYNICAL ASPERSIONS UPON THE BENEFITS OF TRAVEL
    11. CHAPTER IV
      1. PERILS FOR PROTESTANT TRAVELLERS
    12. CHAPTER V
      1. THE INFLUENCE OF THE FRENCH ACADEMIES
    13. CHAPTER VI
      1. THE GRAND TOUR
    14. CHAPTER VII
      1. THE DECADENCE OF THE GRAND TOUR.
    15. BIBLIOGRAPHY
      1. I
        1. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF ADVICE TO TRAVELLERS, 1500-1700
      2. II
        1. TRAVELS, MEMOIRS, LETTERS AND BIOGRAPHIES, 1500-1700, USED IN THE FOREGOING CHAPTERS
      3. III
        1. CRITICAL OR OTHER WORKS WHICH HAVE BEEN USEFUL IN THIS STUDY
    16. INDEX
    17. FOOTNOTES

Academies, 121-132;
    in France, 121-123;
    proposals for academies in England, 123-126;
    objections to such academies, 128-132

Acworth, George, 62

Addison, Joseph, 181

Advice to Travellers, 4-5, 205;
    Elizabethan, 21;
    characteristics of Renaissance books of, 28-32;
    admonitory side of, 55, 88-98;
    for the country gentleman, 148;
    guide-books of the 18th century, 196, 200

Agricola, Rudolf, 7

Alps, the, 192, 200

Ambassadors,
    training for, 12-16, 43-47, 69;
    troubles of, 83-85, 133

Amorphus, in Cynthia's Revels, xii

Amsterdam, 137

Art in Spain, 134;
    attention to in 17th century, 168-169

Arundel, Earl of, see Howard

Ascham, Roger, 16, 18, 42, 52, 57, 65, 200



Bacon,
    Lady Anne, 73-75
    Anthony, 73-75
    Francis, 36 note, 45:
        Of Travel, 146
    Sir Nicholas, 123

Barker, William, 62, 63

Bear-Leaders, the, 188

Becket, Thomas à, 7

Bedell, William, 76

Bedford, Earl of, see Russell

Bellay, Joachim Du, 16

Bembo, Pietro, 16

Berchtold, Leopold, Count, Essay to Direct and Extend the Inquiries of Patriotic Travellers, 195-198

Berneville, Marie Catherine Jumelle de, Comtesse D'Aunoy, 134

Bethune, Maximilien de, Duc de Sully, 115

Blotz, Hugo, 41

Bobadil, Captain, in Every Man in His Humour, 117

Bodley, Sir Thomas, 37

Boleyn, George, Viscount Rochford, 12, 15

Boorde, Andrew, 14

Borssele, Anne, Lady of Veer, 8

Bothwell, Earl of, see Hepburn

Bourdeille, Pierre de, Seigneur de Brantome, 117

Bourne, William, Treasure for Travellers, 35

Bowyer, Sir Henry, 113

Boyle, Richard, First Earl of Cork, and his sons Robert and Francis, 158-167

Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk, 15

Brantome, see Bourdeille

Bras-de-Fer, see La Noue

Browne, Sir Thomas, 142, 193 note;
    his son at Padua, 139

Bryan, Sir Francis, 15

Bucer, Martin, 17, 41

Buckingham, Duke of, see Villiers

Burghley, Lord, see Cecil



Camden, Thomas, History of England, 14

Carew, Sir Nicholas, 15

Carlton, Sir Dudley, 45

Cavendish,
    Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle, 144
    William, Duke of Newcastle, 104

Cecil,
    Anne, Countess of Oxford, 64, 66
    Robert, Earl of Salisbury, 39, 76, 78, 150
    Thomas, Earl of Exeter, 40, 57 note, 77, 145, 193 note
    William, Baron of Burghley, l8, 37, 39, 40, 64-66, 73
    William, Lord Cranbourne, 76, 160
    William, Lord Roos, 76-78, 80

Chamberlain, John, 45, 113

Charles I., 114, 132

Charles II., 104, 131, 178

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 29

Chesterfield, Earls of, see Stanhope

Chichester, Bishop of, see Montague

Clarendon, Earl of, see Hyde

Clenardus, Nicolaus, 132

Cleves, Charles Frederick, Duke of, 25

Clothes, 68-70;
    French, 15, 50, 51, 118, 179, 184, 189;
    Italian, 57, 67

Colbert, Jean Baptiste, Marquis de Seignelay, 168

Colet, John, 10

Compostella, St James of, 3

Cork, Earl of, see Boyle

Cornwallis, Sir Charles, 83-85

Coryat, Thomas, 20, 28 note, 200

Cost, see Expense

Cottington, Sir Francis, 83

Cranbourne, Lord, see Cecil

Cranmer, George, 11, 17, 41

Creswell, Joseph, Jesuit, 84

Crichton, James, "The Admirable," 48

Curiosities, 138-139, 168

Customs (droit d'aubaine) in Spain, 133



Dallington, Sir Robert,
    Method for Travell, 88-89, 108, 111-118, 155, 156;
    Survey of Tuscany, 108, 111;
    View of France, 108, 109

Dancing, 113-115

Dangers of Travel, 30, 47-49, 56, 94-98, 198

D'Aunoy, see Berneville

Davison,
    Francis, 39-41, 146, 155
    William, 35, 154

Delahaute, Antoine, 168

De Peregrinatione, 23, 29-32, 55

Derby, Earl of, see Stanley

Descartes, René, 137

Deschamps, Eustache, 107

Devereux,
    Robert, Second Earl of Essex, 35, 36, 42
    Robert, Third Earl of Essex, 38

Drake, Sir Francis, 27

Dudley, Sir Robert, 102

Dyer, Sir Edward, 21



Education, 103-108;
    see also Academies, Universities, Scholars, Ambassadors, Governors, Humanism

Edward VI., 16, 17

Einstein, Lewis, Italian Renaissance in England, 9

Ellis, Sir Henry, 4

Englishmen,
    their special reason for travelling, 22;
    peculiarities, 120;
    Italianate, 55;
    prejudices against foreigners, 67-69, 178-181

Erasmus, Desiderius, 6, 8, 9

Essex, Earls of, see Devereux

Evelyn, John, 138, 141, 144, 157, 169

Expenses of travel, 66, 154-157



Fairfax, Colonel Thomas, 152

Faubert, Mons., 125

Fencing, 117

Ferrar, Nicholas, 140

Fielding, Henry, 199

Finch, Sir John, 139

Fitzroy, Henry, Duke of Richmond, 15

Fleetwood, William, Recorder of London, 58, 62

Flemming, Robert, 9

Florio, John, Second Frutes, 21

Flutter, Sir Fopling, 179

Food, 48, 110-111

Foote, Samuel, The Englishman in Paris, 180

Forbes, James, 151-152

Foreigners, English prejudice against, 67-71, 178-181

Fox, Richard, Bishop of Winchester, 10

France,
    academies in, 101, 121-132;
    affectations learned in, 15, 50, 51, 179, 183-186;
    arbiter of fashion, 118, 119, 141;
    gentlemen of, 105, 107, 118, 119;
    attraction for tourists, 102-103;
    loses some of its charm, 177

Francis I., 14

Free, John, 9



Gailhard J., 167

Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester, 41

George I., 190

Gerbier, Balthazar, 124-125;
    Subsidium Peregrinantibus, 169

Germans,
    energetic travellers, 22;
    Fynes Moryson's preference for, 93;
    slow to learn languages, 113 note

Germany,
    attraction of, 17;
    women of, 40;
    manners of, 48, 172;
    Ascham's Report of Germany, 200

Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 123

Gloucester, Duke of, see Henry

Governors, 24-25, 145-154, 167, 170, 186-189

Grand Tour, the, Origin of the term, 143-145

Gray, Thomas, 191-192

Greek, 7, 10, 18, 105

Greene, Robert, 55, 70;
    Greene's Mourning Garment, 21;
    Quip for an Upstart Courtier, 70

Greville, Fulke, Lord Brooke, 21, 36

Grey, William, 9

Grimani, Dominic, the Cardinal, 9

Grocyn, William, 10

Grosvenor, Sir Thomas, 168

Guide-books, see Advice to travellers

Gunthorpe, John, 9



Hall,
    Arthur, 57-62
    Edward, 15
    Joseph, 87, 98

Harington, Sir John, 38, 39, 79

Harrison, William, 68

Harvey, Gabriel, 67

Hatton, Sir Christopher, 21

Henri III., 113

Henri IV., 109-110

Henry VI., 3

Henry VIII., 6, 7, 11, 13, 67, 103

Henry, Prince of Wales, son of James I., 38, 79 note, 114, 124

Henry, Duke of Gloucester, son of Charles I., 131

Hepburn, Francis Stewart, Earl of Bothwell, 102

Hertford, Earl of, see Seymour

Hoby, Sir Thomas, 16, 53-55, 62

Holland, 136-139, 197

Horace, 8, 27

Howard,
    Thomas, Fourth Duke of Norfolk, 63
    Thomas, Second Earl of Arundel, 102

Howell, James, 118-120, 136, 156, 192;
    Instructions for Forreine Travell, 108, 118-120, 132;
    Perambulations of Spain, 135

Humanists, their sociability, 41, 43

Humanism, 7

Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon, 128, 135, 183-186;
    Dialogue of the Want of Respect Due to Age, 184



Il Cortegiano, 23

Informacon for Pylgrymes unto the Holy Land, 4-5

Inns, 30, 47, 48, 197-199

Inquisition, 75-79 passim

Instructions for travellers, see Advice

Insurance, 95

Italianate Englishmen, 51-58 passim, 62-63, 70

Italy,
    attraction of, 7-9, 11, 17, 52, 54, 73;
    evils of, 49, 51, 55, 101-102;
    universities of, 7-9, 52-54



Jaffa, port, 3, 5

James I., 114, 135, 150

Jerusalem, 6

Jesuits, 75-85 passim

Johnson, Samuel, 182

Jones, Philip, 27

Jonson, Ben, 150;
    Cynthia's Revels, xii;
    Preface to Coryat's Crudities, 20;
    Every Man out of his Humour, 95 note;
    Volpone, or the Fox, 96-97

Journals, 38-40, 196

Jusserand, J.J., 130



Killigrew, Sir Thomas, 164-165

Kinaston, Sir Francis, 124

Kirchnerus, Hermannus, 28;
    Oration in Praise of Travel, 28, 30, 31, 201



Langton, Thomas, Bishop of Winchester, 11

Languages, 15-16, 73, 112-113, 190

La Noue, François de, 107

Lassels, Richard, 145, 157;
    The Voyage of Italy, 148-149, 194

Latimer, William, 10

Leicester's, the Earl of, son, see Dudley

Leigh, Edward, 167

Lewknor, Thomas, 100

Licences for Travel, 86-87

Lichefield, Edward, 79

Lily,
    William, 10
    George, 11

Linacre, Thomas, 10

Lipsius, Justus, 26, 41, 42, 55

Lister, Martin, 139

Locke, John, 137, 186-187

Lodgings,
    with an ambassador, 43-46;
    with a bookseller, 43;
    with a scholar, 41;
    in Spain, 133-134;
    see also Inns

Lorkin, Thomas, 122

Louis XIII., 121, 126

Louis XIV., 177

Loysius, Georgius, Pervigilium Mercurii, 27-28

Lupset, Thomas, 11



Machiavelli, Niccolo, 23, 56

Maidwell, Lewis, 126

Mallerie, Melchisedech, 59-62

Manners, Edward, Third Earl of Rutland, 37, 39, 63

Manutius, Aldus, 9

Mason, Sir John, 13

Mathew, Sir Tobie, 86 note

Meierus, Albertus, Methodus describendi regiones, 27

Milton, John, 97, 101

Misson, Maximilian, 194, 197;
    A New Voyage to Italy, 194

Mole, John, 77-79

Montagu, Richard, Bishop of Chichester, 104

Morison, Sir Richard, 11

Moryson, Fynes, 20, 90;
    Precepts for Travellers, 90-95

Murder, 48, 198 note



Nash, Thomas, 50

Newcastle, Duchess and Earl of, see Cavendish

Norfolk, Duke of, see Howard

North, Dudley, Third Lord North, 48

Nuove Inventioni di Balli, 114



Osborn, Francis, 143, 154

Oxford, Earls of, see Vere



Pace, Richard, 11

Padua,
    Pole's household at, 11;
    University of, 52-55, 139, 140

Palmer,
    Sir Thomas, "The Traveller," died 1626, 35
    Sir Thomas, died in Spain 1605, 81

Paris,
    life of Englishmen at, 174-176;
    medical students at, 139;
    see also France

Passports, see Licences

Paulet, Sir Amias, 44

Peacham, Henry, 105, 132

Peregrine, in Volpone, or the Fox, xii

Peter Martyr, see Vermigli

Pighius, Stephanus Vinandus, 25

Pignatelli, 121

Pilgrimages, 3-7

Pirates, 47, 49

Plague, 24 note, 49

Plantin, Christophe, 25

Plato, 31, 112

Plegsis, Armand du, Cardinal Richelieu, 121

Pluvinel, Antoine, 121, 126, 128

Pole, Reginald, Cardinal, 11-12

Politian (Angelo Ambrogini), 15, 72

Politick-Would-Be in Volpone, or the Fox, xii, 96

Pretender, the, 173

Pugliano, John Pietro, 127

Pyrckmair, Hilarious, 24-25



Raleigh's, Sir Walter, son, 150

Ramus, Peter, 26

Réaux, Tallemant des, 115, 128

Religion, changes in, due to travel, 51, 56, 72-73, 75-86 passim, 88, 98

Renaissance, enthusiasm for travel, sources of, 18, 201;
    quest of virtù, 29

Richelieu, Cardinal and Duc de, see Plessis

Riding, 120;
    the Great Horse, 121, 126-130 passim, 142, 186

Robbers, 30, 47, 90, 91, 133, 198

Rochford, Viscount, see Boleyn

Rome, 25, 76, 86, 91, 94, 173

Ronsard, Pierre de, 16

Roos, Lord, see Cecil

Russell, Edward, Third Earl of Bedford, 42

Rutland, Earl of, see Manners



St John's College, Cambridge, 17, 18

St Lieger, Sir Anthony, 12

Salisbury, Earl of, see Cecil

Scholars, 7-11, 17, 18, 41-43, 65

Schottus, Franciscus, Itinerarium Italiæ, 193

Seignelay, Marquis de, see Colbert

Selling, William, 10, 72

Seymour, Edward, Earl of Hertford, 21, 41

Shakespeare, William,
    Two Gentlemen of Verona, xii;
    Taming of the Shrew, 20

Sharp, Sam, 198;
    Letters from Italy, 198

Sickness, 24, 48, 160, 197, 199

Sidney,
    Sir Philip, 35, 43, 46, 127
    Robert, Earl of Leicester, 41, 66, 154

"Sights," 143, 193

Smith,
    Richard, 40, 48
    Sir Thomas, 14, 46

Smollett, Tobias, 199;
    Peregrine Pickle, 181

Spain,
    gentlemen of, 119, 135;
    discomforts of, 132-136

Stanhope,
    Philip, Second Earl of Chesterfield, 131-132, 140
    Philip Dormer, Third Earl of Chesterfield, 170-177, 182-183

Stanley, William, Ninth Earl of Derby, 151-153

Starkey, Thomas, 11

Stradling, Sir John, 26, 42

Students, see Universities

Sturmius, Joannes, 17, 65

Sully, Duc de, see Bethune



Talbot, Gilbert, Seventh Earl of Shrewsbury, 21, 39, 63

Taylor, John, The Water Poet, 200

Temple, Sir William, 137

Tennis, 115-116

Thomas, William,
    The Historie of Italie, 53;
    The Pilgrim, 110

Throgmorton, Michael, 11

Tiptoft, John, Earl of Worcester, 9

Transportation, 4-5, 54, 142, 189, 197, 200

Tunstall, Cuthbert, 10

Turlerus, Hieronymus, 23, 24, 26;
    De Peregrinatione, 23, 29-32 passim, 55

Tutors, see Governors



Ulysses, 27, 31

Universities,
    of Italy, 7-9, 52-55, 139;
    of Spain, 84, 85;
    of England, 53, 105, 170, 171, 175, 183, 190

Unton, Sir Edward, 40, 56

Ursinus, Zacharias, 43



Valladolid, conversions at, 81, 84

Veer, Lady of, see Borssele

Venice,
    charm of, 52, 54, 55;
    clothes from, 50:
    inns at, 197

Vere, Edward de, Seventeenth Earl of Oxford, 63-67

Vermigli,
    John de, Twelfth Earl of Oxford, 4
    Peter, Martyr, 17

Verney, Edmund, 131

Villiers, George, Duke of Buckingham, 102, 114, 133



Wallis, John, 129

Walpole,
    Horace, Fourth Earl of Orford, 177, 191-192
    Richard, Jesuit, 81, 84

Walsingham,
    Sir Francis, 46
    Our Lady of, 7

Wentworth, Thomas, Fourth Baron Wentworth, 78-80

Williamson, Sir Joseph, 147

Wilson, Thomas, Arte of Rhetoric, 24

Windebanke, Sir Thomas, 145

Wingfield,
    Sir Richard, 12
    Sir Robert, 12

Winsor, Sir Edward, 49

Winter, Thomas, 11

Women, 28, 34, 55

Wood, Anthony à, ix, 124

Worde, Wynkin de, 4

Wotton,
    Sir Edward, 10, 127
    Sir Henry, 41, 78-80, 95-98, 155
    Sir Nicholas, 12

Wyatt, Sir Thomas, 12



Zouche, Edward la, Eleventh Baron Zouche of Harringworth, 38, 60, 87

Zwingerus, Theodor, 24, 26;
    Methodus Apodemica, 24, 33

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