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Index
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
- A-B Canon [of Acupuncture] (Jiayi jing), 37–38
- abdominal pain, 35
- academies and institutes (guange), 38–41, 162n81. See also Bureau for Editing Medical Texts
- Academy of Scholarly Worthies (Jixian Guan), 162n81
- Accounts of the Western Regions during the Great Tang (Datang xiyuji), 64
- aconite, 116, 117, 120
- agarwood, 1
- Ai Sheng, Materia Medica Validated and Classified from the Classics and Histories of the Daguan Reign (Jingshi zhenglei daguan bencao), 71, 72
- air pump, 2
- alcoholic drinks, 119–20, 177n65
- annotations, 38, 46–47, 102. See also Collected Annotations on the Classic of Materia Medica
- Aoyama Sadao, 167n61
- Approaching Correctness (Erya), 56, 64, 168n70
- argumentation, 50, 52–53, 65, 70, 71, 72
- astragalus (huangqi), 97
- “attaining knowledge” (zhizhi), 54, 165n25
- Bai Juyi, 64
- Bao Tingbo, edition of Su’s and Shen’s Formulas, 159n34
- Basic Questions (Suwen), 53, 66, 98, 99, 100, 125, 178n82
- “bedchamber instructions” (fangzhong), 12
- bee grass (mifeng cao), 134
- bencao (materia medica), 12. See also materia medica
- benshi (explanatory historical contexts), 13, 76, 80, 85–89, 102, 140
- betel nuts, 119, 121, 127
- biji. See notebooks
- black ghosts (wugui), 60–61, 65
- black ram’s horns (guyang jiao), 44, 48
- “blood stasis” (yuxue), 44
- blue-green wormwood herb (qinghao), 128
- bodily channels, 21, 125
- Bol, Peter, 153n5, 164n17
- Book of Songs (Shijing), 83–84
- book titles, 18–19, 88, 137, 140, 157n12
- botanical treatises, 165n28
- Boyanton, Stephen, 172–73n47, 173n67
- breast abscesses (ruyong), 179n10
- Broad Relief (Wangshi boji fang; Wang Gun), 20, 24, 34, 37
- “broadness” (bo), 58; “broad learning of things” (bowu), 59, 167n53
- Brown, Miranda, 157n3
- Brush Talks from Dream Brook (Mengxi bitan; Shen Kuo): argumentation, 65; “black ghosts” entry, 60–61, 65; “Discussion of Medicinals” (Yaoyi), 64; empirical strategy, 13, 60, 62, 69, 167n58, 167–68n69; epistemological approach, 13, 28–30, 159n45; influence on later notebooks, 42–43; mention of “coherence” (li), 65; presentation of knowledge, 29–30; on “rainbow drinking water,” 60; as source for Kou’s Elucidating the Meaning, 64–65; on the “thunder ax,” 60
- bupleurum (chaihu), 115, 126; Major Bupleurum Decoction; 76, 83, 86, 97, 99, 127; Minor Bupleurum Decoction, 117
- Bureau for Editing Medical Texts (Jiaozheng Yishuju), 38–39, 42, 101, 161–62n78; edition of Essential Formulas, 39–41, 102; edition of Treatise on Cold Damage, 101–2; prefaces to medical texts, 39–40
- Cai Xiang, Inventories of Lychee (Lizhi pu), 64, 65
- calendars, 29
- “canonical remedies” (jingfang), 12
- Cao Xiaozhong, 169n99; Zhenghe Materia Medica (Zhenghe xinxiu jingshi zhenglei beiyong bencao), 71–72
- case narratives: appended to formulas, 41, 83, 85, 86, 102–3, 137, 138; discussion-case-prescription format, 83, 90–91, 103; empirical strategy in, 1–2, 17, 103, 140, 144; in China and Europe, 7, 143; compared to legal cases, 142; function of, 86–87, 103; history of, 5–8, 155n23; intertextual dialogues in, 99–101; of Shen Kuo, 1, 27–28; single-practitioner compilations, 7–8, 17, 155n30; Song and Ming, 139–43, 179n19; physician and nonphysician, 7, 80; structure of, 83, 141–42; of Xu Shuwei, 75, 76–77, 83–84, 86, 90–91, 96–99, 102, 103, 140. See also empirical strategy; Formulary with Explanatory Historical Contexts; medical case statements genre
- censorship, 65
- Chanyuan Covenant, 33
- Chao Gongwu, Memoirs of Reading in the Jun Studio (Junzhai dushu zhi), 25, 126
- Chen Baxian (Emperor Wu of Chen), 81, 82
- Chen Cangqi, 48; Collecting the Omissions of Materia Medica (Bencao shiyi), 47, 52, 57, 60
- Chen Cheng, Expanded Divine Farmer’s Materia Medica and Illustrated Materia Medica (Chongguang buzhu Shennong bencao bing tujing), 46, 71
- Chen Hao, 157n8, 164–65n22
- Chen Yan, 158n20, 170n104; Synthesizing Views on Materia Medica in the Baoqing Regime (Baoqing bencao zhezhong), 136
- Chen Yaosou, 110
- Chen Yongpei, edition of Su’s and Shen’s Formulas, 159n34
- Chen Yuan-peng, 170n7
- Chen Zhensun, Zhizhai’s Annotated Catalog (Zhizhai shulu jieti), 26, 74
- Chen Ziming, Comprehensive Good Medical Formulas for Women (Furen daquan liangfang), 74, 170n104
- Cheng Hao, 54
- Cheng Lu, preface to Stone Mountain Medical Cases, 142
- Cheng Yi, 54
- childhood maladies, 89; wet navel, 14, 34
- Chinese angelica (danggui), 14, 97
- Chunyu Yi, 6, 90, 155n23; examination records (zhenji), 6, 82, 90
- cinnabar pills, 116
- cinnamon (gui), 177n65
- Cinnamon Sea (Guihai yuheng zhi; Fan Chengda), 120, 121, 128, 177n67; entry on zhang, 120–21
- civil servants. See scholar-officials
- civil service examinations: and medical practice, 36–37, 77, 78; metropolitan, 79; Song expansion of, 8–9, 36, 123; Xu Shuwei and, 77, 78, 79, 81, 87–88; during Yuan, 170n7
- Ciyun Mountain (Zhejiang), 134
- classical Chinese medicine, 5, 35, 143–44. See also traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
- classified books (leishu), 56, 177n67
- Classified Cases from Famous Physicians (Mingyi leian), 141
- coherence (li), 47, 53, 65, 164n17, 165n26, 165n29
- coix seeds (yiyishi), 105
- cold amassment (hanshan), 44, 48.
- cold damage (shanghai) disorders: case narratives of Xu Shuwei, 76–77, 81, 90–91; disputed cases, 96, 103; in the south, 124–27, 129, 130–31, 178n79, 178n84; treatises, 39, 79–80, 82, 92–96, 99–100, 103, 125, 173n47; and zhang disorders, 125–31. See also One Hundred Questions on Cold Damage; Treatise on Cold Damage; Xu Shuwei
- Collected Annotations on the Classic of Materia Medica (Bencaojing jizhu; Tao Hongjing), 46, 47, 49–50, 119–20; entry on fishing cormorants, 49, 51; entry on stonecrops, 52; entry on moles, 52; use of hearsay as persuasion strategy, 49, 52. See also Tao Hongjing
- Collecting the Omissions (Bencao shiyi; Chen Cangqi), 47, 52, 57, 60
- Collection of Effective Formulas (Jiyan fang), 110
- Collection of Effective Formulas from Past to Present (Gujin jiyanfang; comp. Xue Jinghui), 19
- complexion, 21
- Comprehensive Good Medical Formulas for Women (Furen daquan liangfang; Chen Ziming), 74, 170n104
- conglomeration diseases (jijia), 79
- consilium, 143
- Construct the Middle Decoction (Jianzhong Tang), 97
- Costus Root Pill (Muxiang Wan), 27
- Cui Zhiti, Mr. Cui’s Collections of Essential Formulas (Cuishi zuanyaogfang), 17, 89, 157nn7–8
- cultures of reasoning, 154n19
- Daguan Materia Medica (Jingshi zhenglei daguan bencao; Ai Sheng), 71, 72
- Daizong, Emperor, 69
- Daoism, 23, 46, 71, 176n50
- Daoist Canons (Daozang jing), 51
- Decoction of Fresh Ginger and Aconite (Shengjiang Fuzi Tang), 116
- depletion, 99, 101; colds (xuhan), 35
- Di Qing, 110–11
- diarrhea, 17, 158n27
- Directorate of Education (Guozi Jian), 33, 38, 66, 92, 94, 101, 162n92, 168n81
- Discerning Cold Damage (Bian shanghan), 92
- disease, terms for, 21
- Divine Farmer’s Classic of Materia Medica (Shennong bencaojing), 38, 46, 50
- Divine Pivot (Lingshu), 37, 98
- Dong Ji, Formulary for Travel Houses (Lüshe beiyao fang), 36, 37
- drugs: classification, 69–70; interactions, 22; names, 69; origins, 22; and particularities of patients, 22, 24; preparation, 22; pronunciation and flavor, 53, 164–65n22; testing, 14, 143. See also formularies; medical formulas; pharmacological collections
- du (poison or toxicity), 112, 176n37. See also poison
- Du Fu, 61, 64
- Du Mu, 64
- Duan Chengshi, Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang (Youyang zazu), 58, 64, 87, 167n58
- Duan Gonglu, 55–58. See also Northward-Facing Doors
- dysentery, 97–98
- Ebrey, Patricia, 153n5
- Edited Materia Medica in the Shaoxing Regime (Shaoxing jiaoding bencao), 74
- “effective formulas” (yanfang), 18–20, 30, 110, 135; effective-formula strategy, 20, 23
- Elucidating the Meaning of Materia Medica (Bencao yanyi; Kou Zongshi): advantages cited by author, 68–69; argumentation, 50, 52–53, 54, 61, 72; challenges to court-compiled pharmacological texts, 65–66, 68; classification of drugs, 69–70; on “cold amassment” in pregnancy, 44, 48, 74, 170n4; contrasted with Xu Shuwei’s Formulary, 77; criticism of uncritical acceptance of information, 52; determination of “coherence” (li), 50–51, 52, 53–54, 69, 164n17, 165n26; distinguishing features, 47, 54; empirical strategy, 45, 47, 51, 55, 69, 74, 163n1; entry on black ram’s horns, 44, 48; entry on fishing cormorants, 48–49, 51, 63; entry on jade spring water, 50–51, 53–54, 69, 73; entry on moles, 52, 69; entry on “soil made of eastward walls,” 52–53, 54, 69; entry on stone honey, 69; entry on water not flowing downward, 69; entry on water passing beneath chrysanthemums, 69; entry on winter ashes, 69; first-person narration, 47, 54, 61; genre-mixing, 49–50; informal style, 47–49, 64, 164n10; information about Kou Zongshi’s life, 45; introduction, 45–46; local investigations, 45, 49, 51, 52, 72; medical cases, 44, 48, 49; names of drugs, 69; printings and citation of, 50, 72, 73, 74; as response to state-commissioned pharmacological encyclopedias, 46–47; on Song medical policies, 66, 67; submission to the court, 65–67, 70, 74; textual sources, 64–65. See also Kou Zongshi
- empirical strategy: applied to southern disorders, 104–5, 118, 119; approaches to, 156n47; in China and Europe, 143; and classical Chinese medicine, 143–44; development of, 2, 13, 132–34, 156n47; and epistemic cultures, 8, 154n19; in Kou Zongshi’s Elucidating the Meaning, 45, 47, 51, 55, 69, 74; “learned empiricism,” 165n30; and local investigations, 55, 56, 57, 165n31; and medical case narratives, 1–2, 5, 17, 103, 140, 144; in Miscellaneous Morsels, 167n58; in Northward-Facing Doors, 56–57, 58, 59; as persuasion strategy, 2–3, 5, 11, 20, 74, 111, 136, 144; rooted in personal experience, 12, 17, 20, 47; in Shen Kuo’s Brush Talks, 69, 167n58; in Shen’s Good Formulas, 20–21; between Song and early Qing, 74, 140; in Southern Song, 134–35; in Sun Simiao’s Essential Formulas, 17, 156n2; versus textual evidence, 5, 70–71, 136; used by Li Qiu and Wang Fei, 111, 115, 119, 130; in Xue Shuwei’s Formulary, 103
- enchantment disorders, 178n79
- ephedra (mahuang), 97, 115, 126
- epidemics, 38, 91, 161–62n78, 172n43; zhang pestilence, 105, 110, 115–16
- epistemic autonomy, 10, 12, 13, 87, 132
- epistemic cultures, 8–11, 13, 132–33
- “epistemic genres” (Pomata), 59
- Erya (Approaching correctness), 56, 64, 168n70
- Essential Formulas for Urgent Conditions in Lingnan (Lingnan jiyao fang), 109
- Essential Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold, for Emergency Preparedness (Beiji qianjin yaofang; Sun Simiao): and the Bureau for Editing Medical Texs, 38; case records, 18, 89, 90; citation of, 84; criticism by Shen Kuo, 40–41; empirical strategy, 17, 156n2; guide to practicing medicine, 24–25; as Thousand in Gold, 22, 23; versions and prefaces, 39–41, 158n25, 162n90. See also Sun Simiao
- examination records (zhenji), 6, 82, 90. See also case narratives
- experience, concepts of, 153n3. See also personal experience
- explanatory historical contexts (benshi), 13, 76, 80, 85–89, 102, 140
- Extensive Accounts of the Reign of Great Peace (Taiping guangji), 60
- eye disorders, 16
- “facts” (shishi), 13
- Fan Chengda, Treatises of the Supervision and Guardian of the Cinnamon Sea (Guihai yuheng zhi), 120–21, 128, 177n67
- Fan Ka Wai, 157n14, 161n77, 162n78, 169n99, 170n6
- Fan Min, 109–10
- Fan Ye, biography of Ma Yuan, 105
- Fan Yun, 81
- fang (methods, formulas, formularies), in formulary titles, 18–19
- Fang Chengfeng, 169n89
- Fang Qianli, 166n43; Miscellany of the Wilderness in Which I Was Positioned (Touhuang zalu), 57
- Fang Rui, 167n56
- firsthand observation and secondhand experience, 12–13, 26–28, 41–42. See also personal experience
- Fiscal Commission (Longxing Fu), 72
- fishing cormorants (luci), 48–49, 51, 61, 63
- Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, 109
- focal distention (pi), 115
- foot qi (foot weakness/jiaoruo), 17, 112–13, 176n36; Treatise on Foot Qi in Lingnan (Lingnan jiaoqi lun; Li Xuan), 109; zhang poison foot qi, 112
- formularies (fangshu): as bibliographic category, 12; case narratives in, 17–18, 75, 76–77, 83–85, 889, 137, 140–41, 142; compiled by Song court, 32, 111, 138–39, 160–61n60, 162–63n92; discussion-case-prescription format, 90; empirical strategy in, 19–20, 134–35; for lay readers, 34, 37, 133; overstatement in, 22; structure and organization, 14–15, 30, 90; Tang, 18, 32, 109, 157n8; titles of, 18–20, 85, 88–89, 137, 140; for travelers, 36; for treating disorders of Lingnan, 107–11, 112–14, 117, 124–25, 127, 129, 130; for treating women, 74. See also Essential Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold, for Emergency Preparedness; Formulary with Explanatory Historical Contexts; Good Formulas; Imperial Grace Formulary; medical case statements genre; medical formulas; pharmacological collections; Treatise on Cold Damage; Treatise on Zhang
- Formulary at the Heart of Medicine (Ishimpō; comp Tamba Yasuyori), 18, 157n10
- Formulary for Magnificent Healing and Universal Relief (Shenyi pujiu fang), 32
- Formulary for [Ones Staying at] Travel Houses (Lüshe beiyao fang; Dong Ji), 36, 37
- Formulary for Saving Life in Lingnan (Lingnan weisheng fang): Jihong’s Yuan version, 108; “Ten Talks about the Lingbao Area” (Zhang Jie), 119, 127, 178n88; “Wang Nanrong’s Discussion on Remedies and Pulse Diagnosis of Cold and Hot Zhang Disorders,” 127–28; Zhang Zhiyuan’s version, 107–8, 117, 122, 126. See also Treatise on Zhang
- Formulary of the Bureau for Benefiting People and Compounding Formulations in an Era of Great Peace (Taiping huimin heji jufang), 139
- Formulary That Treats Cold Damage Disorders and Is Bodily Verified (Liao shanghan shen yan fang), 19
- Formulary with Explanatory Historical Contexts (Puji benshifang; Xu Shuwei): case narratives, 76–77, 83–84, 86, 90–91, 97, 102, 140; citation of earlier texts, 85, 97, 98, 99, 100; cold damage cases, 76–77, 81, 84, 90–91, 100–101, 103; compared with Liu Xinfu’s formulary, 137; compared with Ninety Discussions, 80–82; disputed cases, 76, 96–100, 100–101, 173n67; empirical strategy, 103; as first treatise appending medical formulas to cases, 75, 77; inspirations for, 85–86, 102; prefaces, 88–89, 170n1, 171n14; printings, 82; ratio of cases to remedies, 84; targeted reader, 87; title of, 85, 88–89. See also Xu Shuwei
- Fu, Daiwie, 167n58
- Gao Baoheng, 39
- Gao Cheng, Recording the Origins of Things and Affairs (Shiwu jiyuan), 86
- Gao Roune, Classified and Collected Cold Damage Disorders (Shanghan zuanlei), 100
- Ge Hong, Kept in One’s Sleeve (Formulary Kept in One’s Sleeve for Every Emergency; Zhouhou beijifang), 22, 23, 112
- Ge Tuan, 115
- ginger, 48, 116
- Goldschmidt, Asaf, 92, 95–96, 162n78, 171n15, 172n32
- Good Formulas (Liangfang; Shen Kuo): audience for, 35, 42; case narratives, 1, 27–28; citation of, 84, 85; on contingent nature of effects, 24, 29, 30; contrasted with Xu Shuwei’s Formulary, 76; elements of a good formula, 21–24, 25, 41; empirical strategy, 20–21, 43; expanded version, 25–26; “five difficulties” in treating disorders, 21–22, 23, 25; formula for Costus Root Pill, 27; historical significance, 43; narrative form of formulas, 14, 15, 16; nonsystematic presentation, 29–30; number of individual items, 26, 159n34; preface, 20–24, 25–26, 28, 30, 34, 158n20, 159–60n46, ; sources of formulas, 26–28, 41; and southern disorders, 176n35; title of, 21; “witnessing,” 20–21, 22, 23, 25, 26–28, 41–42. See also Shen Kuo; Su’s and Shen’s Formulas
- Grand Basis (Taisu), 37
- grass gu-poisoning, 112, 113
- Great Compendium of the Yongle Era (Yongle dadian), 36, 81, 107
- Ground Powder of the Seven Preciousnesses (Qibao Cuo San), 116
- gu, meaning of, 112
- gu-poisoning, 109, 176n39
- Guangwu, Emperor, 105
- Guangxi, 110–11. See also Lingnan
- Guo Tinggui, 135
- Han Mao, Mr. Han’s Generalities on Medicine (Hanshi yitong), 141
- Han Qi, 37–38, 39, 161n77
- Han Yu, 64
- Hanlin Academy, 79, 171n14, 101
- Hanson, Marta, 157n12, 177n67
- hawksbill turtles (diamao), 57
- He Yujuan, Summary of Preserving and Nurturing Life in Guangnan in Four Seasons (Guangnan sishi sheyang kuozi), 110
- healing arts, 22, 29, 42, 158n20
- Hinrichs, TJ, 178n79
- historicalist-conceptualist approach, 107, 175n12
- historiographies, 10, 57, 59, 71, 161n75, 162n80
- Historiography Institute (Shi Guan), 162n81
- history of knowledge, 8. See also epistemic cultures
- history of science and medicine, 4–5, 41–42, 163n96
- History of the [Former] Han (Han shu), 12
- History of the Later Han (Hou Han shu), 105
- History of the South (Nanshi), 81
- honey, 69, 134; enema, 76, 97
- Hong Mai, Record of the Listener (Yijian zhi), 77, 135–36
- Hong Zun, Mr. Hong’s Collection of Effective Formulas (Hongshi jiyan fang), 135
- Hu Daojing, 159n32, 159n34
- Hu Mian, Classified Examples of Cold Damage Disorders (Shanghan leili), 100
- Huang Chao’s Rebellion, 8
- Huang Prefecture (Hubei), 60, 61
- Huang Tingjian, 125
- Huangfu Mi, 40
- Huizong, Emperor: assessment of, 168n79; edict requesting medical formulas, 67–68; imperially brushed edicts, 67–68, 169n89; medical policies, 45, 66–68, 70, 94, 163n1; pharmaceutical collections under, 68, 71–72, 74
- Hymes, Robert, 170n7
- Illustrated Materia Medica (Bencao tujing), 46, 53, 163n5; classification of drugs, 69–70; criticism and revision, 47, 66, 68, 69–70
- Imperial Grace Formulary (Taiping shenghui fang), 14, 32, 66, 93; contrasted with formularies of Li Qiu and Wang Fei, 111–12; on disorders of Lingnan, 112, 113, 114; distributed in Lingnan, 110, 111; prescription strategies, 117; use by lay readers, 34–35
- Imperial Library Formulary (Waitai miyao fang, comp. Wang Tao), 18, 38, 40, 157n9, 162n91
- Imperial Pharmacy, 138
- Imperial Pharmacy’s Formulary (Taiyi ju fang), 138–39, 179n14
- imperially brushed edicts, 67–68, 169n89
- Inner Canon (Huangdi neijing), 98, 105, 138, 173n66
- insects, 58
- Institute for Collecting and Purchasing Drugs (Shoumai Yaocaisuo), 70
- Institute for Extending Literature (Hongwen Guan), 157n9
- Institute for the Glorification of Literature (Zhaowen Guan), 40, 162n81
- Instructing the Lost (Zhimi fang zhangnüe lun; Wang Fei), 107, 108, 117; treatments for zhang disorders, 104, 111–14, 177n54; use of “heard and saw” (wenjian), 118; and Zhou Qufei’s Vicarious Replies, 121–22. See also Wang Fei
- “intermittent fever” (nüe), 27, 112, 113, 176nn49–50. See also zhang disorders
- intertextual dialogues, 99–100, 133
- “inventories of things” (pulu), 8, 9–10, 55, 64
- “investigating things” (gewu), 45, 54, 163n1, 165n25
- investigations of regional phenomena, 54–57, 63, 65, 72–74, 130, 165n29. See also Lingnan region; travel literature
- Jade Spring Temple, 51
- jade spring water (yuquan), 50–51, 53–54, 69, 164n18; entry from Newly Compiled and Edited Materia Medica with Illustrations and Commentaries, 73
- Jiahe Powders (Jiahe San), 116
- Jianyang, 72, 82
- Jiaozhi, 105; Ly Kingdom, 111
- Jiayou Materia Medica (Supplemented and Annotated Divine Farmer’s Materia Medica in the Jiayou Regime/Jiayou buzhu Shennong bencao), 46, 163n5; classification of drugs, 69–70; criticism and revision, 47, 50, 66, 68–69, 70; as textbook, 68
- Jihong, Formulary for Saving Life in Lingnan (Lingnan weisheng fang), 108. See also Formulary for Saving Life in Lingnan
- jiji, 101
- Jingling bayou (eight companions of the prince of Jingling), 81
- Jones, Claire, 156n2
- Jurchen Jin, 31, 72, 78–79
- Kaibao Materia Medica (Kaibao chongding bencao), 46, 66, 164n18
- Kaifeng, 45, 70, 78, 90, 94
- Keegan, David, 173n66
- Kept in One’s Sleeve (Zhouhou beijifang; Ge Hong), 22, 23, 112
- Kou Yue, 50
- Kou Zhun, 45
- Kou Zongshi: criticism of Tao Hongjing, 52, 63; Duke Lai’s Glorious Loyalty (Laigong xunlie), 45; Elucidating the Meaning, 44–45; epistemological approach, 45; family, 45; official career, 44, 45, 66, 70, 163n3; promotion, 70, 123. See also Elucidating the Meaning of Materia Medica
- Kudzu Decoction (Gegen Tang), 101
- Kui Prefecture Map Guide (Kuizhou tujing), 61
- Kurz, Johannes, 160n60
- Lamb Meat Decoction, 44, 74
- lay readers of medical texts, 33–37, 42, 43, 133
- “learned empiricism,” 165n30
- leishu (classified books), 56, 177n67
- Leung, Angela, 178n88
- li (coherence), 47, 53–54, 65, 164n17, 165n26, 165n29
- Li Bai, 64
- Li Bo, 62–63
- Li Daoyuan, Commentary on the Classic of Waterways (Shuijing zhu), 62–63
- Li Jingwei, 160n57
- Li Kang, 70
- Li Qiu: career and travel, 107, 175n13; formularies by, 107–8, 111; place of origin, 108; recovery from zhang pestilence, 104, 115; rejection of existing formularies for southern disorders, 111–14, 115, 126, 176n35; Treatise on Zhang [Miasma] and Intermittent Fever (Zhangnüe lun), 104, 107–8, 111–14, 116, 117, 122; use of empirical strategy, 111, 115, 130
- Li Shangyin, 51
- Li Shuhui, 159n32
- Li Xuan, Treatise on Foot Qi in Lingnan (Lingnan jiaoqi lun), 109
- Li Zhizhong, 171n14
- Li Zhuguo, 38
- Liao campaigns, 32–33
- Lin Yi, 39–40, 101
- Lin’an Prefectural School, 79
- Lingnan region: application of cold-damage medicine, 123–25, 178n79; disorders of, 104–7, 109, 112–13, 114, 122, 174n10; distribution of medical treatises, 109–11, 130; environment, 118, 126; formularies specific to, 107–11, 112–14, 117, 124–25, 127, 129, 130; healing customs, 104, 109, 134; immigration from north, 109, 126–27; notebook-style writings on, 56–58, 118–19, 120–23, 130; name of, 55–56; Song medical campaigns, 109–11, 124, 131; Tang dynasty formularies, 109; as “terroir of flame” (yanfang), 113–14, 176–77n52. See also Formulary for Saving Life in Lingnan; Northward-Facing Doors; Treatise on Zhang; zhang disorders
- “literary technology” (Shapin and Schaffer), 2
- literati. See scholar-officials
- Liu Ke, 61
- Liu Xinfu, Formulary for Saving Lives with Factual Evidence (Huoren shizheng fang), 137, 141, 142
- Liu Xun, 166n43; Recording the Extraordinary beyond the Ling Ranges (Lingbiao luyi), 57, 118–19
- Liu Yuanbin, 93
- Liu Yuxi, 19; Passing on Trustworthy Formulas (Chuanxin fang), 19–20, 23–24, 89, 109, 157n14
- Liu Zongyuan, 109
- local gazetteers, 63, 119, 130, 177n63
- local informants, 74–75
- local investigations. See investigations of regional phenomena
- Lou Yue, 80
- Lu Tan, Correcting Errors in the Easy and Concise Formulary (Yijian fang jiumiu), 137–38
- Lü Wei, 110
- Lu Xisheng, 58
- Lüchan Rocks (Lüchan yan bencao; Wang Jie), 134
- Luo Dajing, Jade Dew in the Crane Forest (Helin yulu), 121
- “lyrical remarks” (cihua) genre, 86
- Lyrics with Explanatory Historical Contexts (Shixian benshi quziji; Yang Hui), 85, 86, 87, 102
- Ma Yuan, 105
- Major Bupleurum Decoction (Da Chaihu Tang), 76, 83, 86, 97, 99, 127
- malaria, 106, 174n11, 176n49
- manuscript culture, 3. See also print culture
- Mao Mountain (Jiangsu), 46
- map guide (tujing) genre, 61, 167n61
- Master Tongzhen’s Summary of Cold Damage (Tongzhen zi shanghan kuoyao; attrib. Liu Yuanbin), 93
- master-disciple transmission, 4, 34, 139–40, 141, 143
- materia medica (bencao), 12, 32, 46–47, 71–75, 134, 136. See also Collected Annotations on the Classic of Materia Medica; Collecting the Omissions; Elucidating the Meaning of Materia Medica; formularies; Illustrated Materia Medica; Jiayou Materia Medica; pharmacological collections
- Materia Medica Validated and Classified from the Classics and Histories of the Daguan Reign (Jingshi zhenglei daguan bencao; Ai Sheng), 71, 72
- medical academies, 31, 67, 168n81, 168n85; Imperial Medical Academy, 66–67, 70; textbook, 68
- medical activism. See Song medical governance
- medical case statements (yi’an) genre, 77, 131, 139–43, 154nn20–21; emergence of, 5–8, 80; and European observationes, 7; as persuasive strategy, 49. See also case narratives
- medical education, 4, 33, 38, 66, 68, 69, 93
- medical formulas: accompanied by witness statements, 17–23, 26–27, 41, 157n3; accompanying case narratives, 41, 75, 77, 83, 85, 86, 102–3, 137, 138; contingent nature of effects, 24, 29, 30, 158n27; foot weakness, 17; format of, 16, 153n2; Middle English, 156n2; requested by court, 67–68; of scholar-officials, 157n8; sources of, 26–28; use of character yan (effective), 17. See also drugs; formularies
- medical knowledge, transmission of, 4, 20, 86–87, 90, 92; by families and medical lineages, 4, 6, 34, 135, 143; master-disciple, 139–40, 141, 143; public dissemination, 4, 33, 37–38, 43, 78, 133–34; published texts, 4; question-and-answer form, 93–94, 99; self-taught medical learners, 33–34, 37, 78, 117, 143, 161n74
- medical marketplace, 138–39
- medical texts: attributed to divine figures, 15–17; as authorities, 136, 179n10; as benevolence toward population, 31, 33, 66, 133; categories of, 6–7, 12, 44, 47, 49, 80, 86, 139–43; discussion-case-prescription format, 83, 90–91, 103; edited by scholar-officials, 38–41, 42, 157n8; empirical strategy, 2, 5, 12–13, 134; Han dynasty, 4; lay readers, 33–37, 42, 43, 133; narratives based on personal experience, 1–2, 12–13, 26–28, 47, 58, 87, 154n21; by nonphysicians, 7; and notebook-style writings, 11, 74, 118, 122–23, 130, 133, 177n67; by physician-scholars, 87–88, 138; by physicians, 7, 70–71, 79–80, 136–39; publication media and printing technology, 3–5, 12, 33; question-and-answer form, 93, 99; by self-taught authors, 33–34, 37, 117; Song sponsorship, 3, 4, 32–33, 66–68, 94, 101–2, 133, 160n58, 169n99. See also case narratives; empirical strategy; formularies; persuasion strategies
- Memoirs of Reading in the Jun Studio (Junzhai dushu zhi; Chao Gongwu), 25, 126
- menarche, 102
- Meng Qi, Poems with Explanatory Historical Contexts (Benshi shi), 85–86, 87, 89, 102, 172n32
- Métailié, Georges, 163n1
- methods of becoming immortals (shenxian), 12
- Miao peoples, 112
- miasmatic atmosphere (zhangqi), 104–5, 106. See also zhang (miasma) disorders
- middle-period China, 3, 5, 153n5
- Minor Bupleurum Decoction (Xiao Chaihu Tang), 117
- Minor Construct-the-Middle Decoction (Xiao Jianzhong Tang), 35
- Minor Order-the-Qi Decoction (Xiao Chengqi Tang), 97–98
- Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang (Youyang zazu; Duan Chengshi), 58, 64, 87, 167n58
- Miscellany of the Wilderness in Which I Was Positioned (Touhuang zalu; Fang Qianli), 57
- mist, 118, 119–20, 125
- Mo Xiufu, Records of Wind and Land of Guilin (Guilin fengtu ji), 57
- moles (yanshu), 52, 69
- Monthly Ordinances (Yueling), 65
- morality, 54
- mountain dwellers (shanren), 47, 60, 61
- moxibustion, 104, 128, 135
- Mr. Cui’s Collections of Essential Formulas (Cuishi zuanyaofang; Cui Zhiti), 17, 89, 157nn7–8
- Mr. Seeking Nothing’s One Hundred Questions on Cold Damage (Wuqiuzi shanghan baiwen; Zhu Gong), 94
- Mr. Wang’s Formulary for Broad Relief (Wangshi boji fang; Wang Gun), 20, 24, 34, 37
- Mr. Wei’s Family Collection of Formulas (Weishi jiacang fang; Wei Xian), 135, 142
- Mr. Ye’s Collection of Effective Formulas (Yeshi luyan fang; Ye Dalian), 135
- musk, 1
- Naitō hypothesis, 155n34
- natural history, 167n53
- natural-realist approach, 107
- neo-Confucianism, 54, 164n17. See also “investigating things”; li
- New Policies, 31, 61
- Newly Compiled and Edited Materia Medica with Illustrations and Commentaries (Xinbian zhenglei tuzhu bencao; Yu Yanguo Lixian Tang), 72; entry on jade spring, 73
- Newly Established Materia Medica in the Kaibao Regime (Kaibao xinxiangding bencao), 32
- Newly Revised Materia Medica (Xinxiu bencao), 46
- Ninety Discussions on Cold Damage Disorders (Shanghan jiushi lun; attrib. Xu Shuwei), 80, 82, 95; authorship of, 80–82, 95–96, 171n20; dating of, 155n30
- Nong Zhigao rebellion, 111
- north-south axis, 178n88
- Northern Dreams (Beimeng suoyan; Sun Guangxian), 60, 64, 167n56
- Northward-Facing Doors (Beihu lu; Duan Gonglu), 55–59, 87, 166n49; empirical strategy, 56–57, 58, 59; entry on “tong rhinoceros,” 57; preface by Lu Xisheng, 58–59
- notebooks (biji), 9–11; accounts of regional phenomena, 54–55, 57–58, 65, 72–74, 130; empirical strategy in, 8, 13, 60–61; and historiographies, 10, 57, 59; Hong Mai’s Record of the Listener, 77, 135–36; intertextual dialogue with medical texts, 133; notebook-style writings, 74, 87, 118, 122–23, 177n67; pharmacological knowledge in, 63–64; with prefaces by other authors, 166n47; reliability of, 10–11, 42, 59; “seeing and hearing” in, 28. See also Brush Talks from Dream Brook
- novels, 58–59
- nüe (intermittent fevers), 27, 112, 113, 176nn49–50. See also zhang disorders
- Pang Anshi, 100, 125–26, 178n85; Discussions on Cold Damage and General Disorders (Shanghan zongbing lun), 100, 125
- Passing on Trustworthy Formulas (Chuanxin fang; Liu Yuxi), 19–20, 89, 109, 157n14; preface, 19, 23–24
- personal experience, 1–2, 12–13, 26–28, 47, 58, 87, 154n21. See also empirical strategy; firsthand observation and secondhand experience
- persuasion strategies, 2–3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 138; asserting “efficacy,” 5, 41, 136–37, 140; citing classics as, 5, 138; empirical evidence as, 2–3, 5, 11, 20, 74, 111, 136, 144; in the formulary genre, 20, 41; hearsay as, 49, 52; imperial endorsement as, 103; medical cases as, 49, 137, 140, 143; stressing erudition as, 138, 139; textual references as, 46, 70–71, 111, 114, 136; used by physicians, 136–39. See also empirical strategy; personal experience
- Peterson, Willard, 164n17
- pharmacological collections: criticism of, 61–62, 65–66, 68; European, 163n1; format of entries, 47–49; government-compiled encyclopedias, 32, 46, 68, 71–72, 74, 163n6; under Ming and Qing, 163n6; by physicians, 70–71; textual testimony versus empirical strategies, 70–71. See also Elucidating the Meaning of Materia Medica; formularies; materia medica
- physicians: from ancient times to Tang, 88; case narratives of, 6–7, 17, 80, 89–91, 141; of Chinese medicine, 7; compared to military strategists, 142; competition for patronage, 77, 90, 140; disputes with household members, 83, 90, 96, 97, 98; education reforms, 66; European, 143; families and lineages, 6, 34, 139–40; formularies by, 18, 24–25; Hippocratic, 42; imperial and lay, 33; in Lingnan, 109, 127; medical texts by, 7, 70–71, 79–80, 136–39; persuasion strategies of, 136–39; scholars as, 67, 87–88, 107, 131, 138; self-taught, 37; Sima Guang on, 22; use of empirical strategy, 17, 136; Xu Shuwei on, 88; during Yuan and Ming, 139–40, 170n7. See also Xu Shuwei
- “picking-grass-seeds” (tiao caozi) technique, 127–28, 129
- poetry: cited in medical texts, 51, 61; explanatory historical contexts in, 85–87
- poison (du), 57, 111, 112, 113–14, 176n37. See also gu-poisoning
- Pomata, Gianna, “epistemic genres,” 59
- Powder to Calm the Stomach (Pingwei San), 118
- pregnancy, 44, 48
- Priceless Qi-Correcting Powder (Buhuan Jin Zhengqi San), 120
- print culture, 3–4, 12, 134; woodblock printing, 3, 33, 103. See also medical texts
- pulse diagnosis, 21, 34, 35, 94, 97, 117–18; texts on, 79, 100, 127, 141
- records of exceptional things (yiwu zhi), 56–57, 166n39
- Records of the [Great] Historian (Shiji; Sima Qian), biography of Chunyu Yi, 6
- Records of Wind and Land of Guilin (Guilin fengtu ji; Mo Xiufu), 57
- Regulating-Qi Formulary (Tiaoqi fang; attrib. Tanluan), 17–18
- reliability of knowledge, 12, 13, 42, 144; in medical texts, 11, 20, 51, 103, 117, 132, 140, 143; notebooks and, 10–11, 42, 59, 87. See also scientific knowledge
- religious therapies, 113, 160n59
- “remedies and techniques” (fangji) category, 12, 38
- Ren Hong, 38
- Renzong, Emperor, 37, 39, 111
- Resistant and Withstanding Decoction (Didang Tang), 44
- rhinoceros horns, 57
- Rose-Storax Pills (Suhexiang Wan), 1
- ruyi (scholar-physicians), 67. See also physicians: scholars as
- Saving Lives (Nanyang huoren shu; Zhu Gong; ed. Zhang Chan), 94–95, 96, 99, 137; imperial endorsement, 103; preface, 100. See also Zhu Gong
- Sayings of a Female Doctor (Nüyi zayan), 6, 141
- scabies, 61
- Schaffer, Simon, “literary technology,” 2, 153n4
- scholar-officials: as authors of formularies, 15, 17, 19–23, 157n8; changes in class composition, 8–9; as editors of medical texts, 38–41, 42, 157n8; investigations of regional phenomena, 45, 55, 63, 72, 165n28; as medical authorities, 37–43, 66–67, 77–78; notebook-style writings, 118, 122–23; Southern Song career paths, 123–24; view of travel, 167n65; views of zhang disorders, 127. See also civil service examinations; Kou Zongshi; physicians: scholars as; Shen Kuo; Xu Shuwei
- scientific knowledge, 2, 29, 143–44, 153n4
- “seduction drugs” (meiyao), 60
- seeing and hearing (jianwen/wenjian), 10, 13, 28, 58, 118
- sensory perception, 2, 35, 164n22
- Sequel to the Classified and Widely Benefiting Formulary with Explanatory Historical Contexts (Leizheng puji benshifang xuji/Benshifang houji), 80
- Seven Catalogs (Qilüe), 38, 162n80
- shafu (captured by sand), 60
- Shao Yong, 142
- Shapin, Steven, “literary technology,” 2, 153n4
- Shen Gua. See Shen Kuo
- Shen Kuo: Alternative Orders of Cold Damage Disorders (Bieci shanghan), 100; and the Bureau for Editing Medical Texts, 40–41, 162n91; case narrative involving, 27; civil service career, 15, 27, 29, 40–41; criteria for good formulas, 40, 41; criticism of court-commissioned formularies, 40–41, 162–63n92; descriptions for lay readers, 37, 133; emphasis on experience, 27–28, 90, 158n17; epistemological approach, 13, 28–30, 42; family and background, 15; influence of, 42–43; lack of medical training, 15; name of, 153n1; scientific and other interests, 29, 160n47; sources of formulas, 26–28; view of profoundness of the universe, 29, 42; on “witnessing,” 20–21, 22, 23, 25, 26–28, 41–42, 159–60n46. See also Brush Talks from Dream Brook; Good Formulas; Su’s and Shen’s Formulas
- Shen Pi, 27
- Shenzong, Emperor, 89
- Shi Kan, 158n27
- Shi Zaizhi’s Formulary (Shi Zaizhi fang; Shi Kan), 158n27
- Sima Guang, 22
- Sima Qian, 6
- Sivin, Nathan, 158n17
- snakes, 61, 112
- “soil made of eastward walls” (dong bitu), 52–53, 54, 69
- soldiers: disorders suffered by, 27, 105, 110, 118; medical resources for, 31, 110–11, 161n77
- Song imperial sponsorship of medical texts, 3, 4, 32–33, 66–68, 94, 101–2, 133, 160n58, 169n99
- Song medical governance, 31–32, 43, 66–68, 78, 140, 160n57, 168n81, 170n6; campaigns in Lingnan, 109–11, 124, 131
- southern China, 55–56. See also Lingnan region
- spirit mediums (wu), 109, 138
- State Affairs, Department of (Shangshu Sheng), 70
- Stone Bell Mountain, 62–63
- stone honey, 69
- Stone Mountain Medical Cases (Shishan yi’an), 6, 141; preface by Cheng Lu, 142
- stonecrops (jingtian), 52
- Straightforward Rhymes of Medicines for and Syndromes of Children (Xiaoer yaozheng zhijue), 89–90, 102–3
- Su Mai, 62
- Su Shi, 61, 125, 178n85; “Account of a Trip to the Stone Bell Mountain” (Shizhongshan ji), 62–63; writings about medicine, 25, 159n32, 177n65. See also Su’s and Shen’s Formulas
- Su Song, 39–40
- Sui Dynasty History (Sui shu), imperial bibliography, 19
- Suichu Hall Catalog (Suichu tang shumu; You Mao), 26
- Sun Guangxian, 60; Trifling Talks from Northern Dreams (Beimeng suoyan), 60, 64, 167n56
- Sun Qi, 39
- Sun Simiao, 17, 18, 88, 177n65; Supplement to Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold, 92. See also Essential Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold, for Emergency Preparedness
- Sun Zhao, Rhymed Instructions on the Pulse Patterns of Cold Damage Disorders (Shanghan maijue), 100
- Sun Zhining, 137–38
- sunlight, 52–53, 56
- Su’s and Shen’s Formulas (Su Shen neihan liangfang), 25–26, 159n32; dosages of ingredients, 162n92; editions of, 159n34; sources of formulas, 26–27, 28. See also Good Formulas
- sweating 76, 99, 101, 117; treatment by, 97, 126
- Taizong, Emperor, 32, 160–61n60
- Taizu, Emperor, 32
- tales (xiaoshuo), 10, 58–59
- Tamba Yasuyori, Formulary at the Heart of Medicine (Ishimpō), 18, 157n10
- Tang Shenwei: Materia Medica Validated and Classified from the Classics and Histories for Emergency Preparedness (Jingshi zhenglei beiji bencao), 70–71, 169n98
- Tanluan, 17–18
- Tao Hongjing (Yinju), 46, 48–49, 52, 63, 177n6. See also Collected Annotations on the Classic of Materia Medica
- tong rhinoceros (tongxi), 57
- traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), 32, 98, 144. See also classical Chinese medicine
- Transcendent Canon (Xianjing), Thirty-Six Methods of Water, 164n18
- travel literature, 8, 9, 10, 55; accounts of regional phenomena, 65, 72–74; Buddhist, 64; empirical strategy in, 62–63
- Treatise on Cold Damage (Shanghan lun; Zhang Ji), 35, 39, 66, 95; canonization of, 91–93, 95–96, 102, 103, 111, 173n47; citation of, 35, 97, 98, 99–100, 101, 138; court-commissioned version, 101–2; lack of treatments for southern disorders, 126; and One Hundred Questions, 67, 93–94; origin story, 91–92; preface to the edited version, 39, 40; and Xu Shuwei’s cold damage treatises, 95
- Treatise on Origins and Symptoms of All Disorders (Zhubing yuanhou lun), 106, 113, 125
- Treatise on Zhang (Zhangnüe lun; Li Qiu), 104, 111–14; and Formulary for Saving Life in Lingnan, 107–8; remedies, 116; Wang Fei’s view of, 117; and Zhang Zhiyuan’s treatise, 107–8, 117, 122, 126. See also Formulary for Saving Life in Lingnan
- turtle shell (biejia), 115
- Wang Fangqing, Formulary for Lingnan (Lingnan fang), 109
- Wang Fei: Formulary for Instructing the Lost (Zhimi fang zhangnüe lun), 104, 107, 108, 111–14, 117–18, 121–22, 177n54; rejection of existing formularies, 111–14, 127; routine for maintaining health, 118, 120; study of medicine, 117; use of empirical strategy, 117, 130; view of muteness-causing zhang, 127, 129; as Wang Nanrong, 127–29
- Wang Gun, Mr. Wang’s Formulary for Broad Relief (Wangshi boji fang), 20, 24, 34, 37
- Wang Jie, Materia Medica on Lüchan Rocks (Lüchan yan bencao), 134
- Wang Jingbo, 166n39
- Wang Jizhi, 115
- Wang Shi, 100
- Wang Tao, Imperial Library Formulary (Waitai miyao fang), 18, 38, 40, 157n9, 162n91
- Wang Zijin, 107
- way of medicine, 88
- Wei He, 56
- Wei Xian, Mr. Wei’s Family Collection of Formulas (Weishi jiacang fang), 135, 142
- Wendi, 106
- Western medicine, 7, 143
- wet navel malady, 14, 34
- White Tiger Decoction (Baihu Tang), 101, 115, 126
- wind, 29, 61, 101, 113, 126, 127
- “witnessing” (mudu). See Shen Kuo
- woodblock printing, 3, 33, 103
- wormwood (ai), 53; blue-green wormwood herb (qinghao), 128
- Wu, Emperor, of Chen (Chen Baxian), 81, 82
- Wu, Emperor, of Liang (Xiao Yan), 81, 82
- Wu Kun, Language of Pulse Patterns (Maiyu), 141
- Xiao Yan (Emperor Wu of Liang), 81, 82
- Xie Fugu, 101
- Xu Shuwei: and the civil service examinations, 77, 78, 79, 81, 87–88; cold damage treatises, 79–80, 82, 95–96; family, 77, 88, 170n1; life and works, 77–82; official career, 79, 171nn14–15; practice of medicine, 77, 79, 87. See also Formulary with Explanatory Historical Contexts; Ninety Discussions on Cold Damage Disorders
- xue (blood), 97, 173n63; blood stasis, 44
- Xue Jinghui, Collection of Effective Formulas from Past to Present (Gujin jiyanfang), 19
- yan (verify/effective), 17, 18, 25. See also “effective formulas”
- Yan Jizhong, 89–90
- Yan Shigu, 56
- yang brightness (yangming), 76, 99, 128
- Yang Hui (Yuansu), Lyrics with Explanatory Historical Contexts (Shixian benshi quziji), 85, 86, 87, 102
- Yang Shiying, 136–37
- Yang Zhong, 105
- Yangdi, 106
- Yangzi River transport network, 78
- Ye Dalian, Mr. Ye’s Collection of Effective Formulas (Yeshi luyan fang), 135
- Ye Linzhi, 142
- Yellow Dragon Decoction Formula, 162n91
- Yellow Emperor medical tradition, 53, 98, 99, 173n66. See also Basic Questions; Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon
- Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon (Huangdi neijing), 98, 105, 138, 173n66
- yi (medicine), 12, 156n45
- Yi Sumei, 159n33, 162–63n92
- yi’an. See medical case statements genre
- Yizhen Gazetteer (Yizhen zhi), 79
- You Mao, Suichu Hall Catalog (Suichu tang shumu), 26
- Yu Xin, 165n31
- Yu Yanguo Lixian Tang, Newly Compiled and Edited Materia Medica with Illustrations and Commentaries (Xinbian zhenglei tuzhu bencao), 72, 73
- Yue Fei, 171n15
- Zeng Xie, 171n14
- Zhang, Emperor, of Han, 105
- Zhang Chan, 94, 100. See also Saving Lives
- Zhang Ding, 115
- zhang (miasma) disorders: alcohol as prevention, 119–20, 177n65; application of cold-damage medicine, 125–31; associated with environment, 104, 105–6, 113, 114, 120–21; attributed to poisons, 113–14; character zhang, 105, 174n7; cold zhang and hot zhang, 114, 122, 127–28, 129; misdiagnosis, 115, 178n88; mountain zhang–intermittent fever (shan zhangnüe), 112, 113; muteness-causing zhang (yazhang), 122, 127, 129; in notebook-style writings, 119–23; pulse diagnosis, 117; qi and, 113–14, 115, 120, 121–22, 125, 127; translation of, 106, 174n11, 176n49; treatises, 106, 107–8, 119, 122; treatments, 104, 114, 116, 120–21, 127, 128–29, 177n65, 178n88; zhang epidemics, 105, 110, 115–16. See also Formulary for Saving Life in Lingnan; Instructing the Lost; Treatise on Zhang
- Zhang Haipeng, 171n14
- Zhang Ji (Zhongjing), 48, 91–92, 172n44; Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Disorders (Shanghan zabing lun), 91–92, 93, 172n43; Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders (Shanghan lun), 35, 39, 90–91; treatises attributed to, 92–93, 173n47; untransmitted treatments, 76. See also Treatise on Cold Damage
- Zhang Jie, “Ten Talks about the Lingbiao Area” (Lingbiao shishuo), 119, 127, 178n88
- Zhang Kefeng, 174n7
- Zhang Lei, Mingdao’s Miscellany (Mingdao zazhi), 61–62
- Zhang Yu, 79
- Zhang Zhiyuan, treatise on zhang, 107–8, 117, 122, 126. See also Formulary for Saving Life in Lingnan
- Zhang Zhongjing. See Zhang Ji
- Zhang Zhongjing’s Lamb Meat Decoction, 44, 48
- Zhanglun, 174n1. See also Treatise on Zhang
- Zhao Xuemin, Supplement to Systematic Materia Medica (Bencao gangmu shiyi), 75
- Zhen Prefecture (Jiangsu), 78–79, 82
- Zheng Jingxiu, Treatise and Formulary for Preserving Life in Guangnan in Four Seasons (Guangnan sishi shesheng fang lun), 109, 110
- Zhenghe Materia Medica (Zhenghe xinxiu jingshi zhenglei beiyong bencao; Cao Xiaozhong), 71–72, 169n99
- Zhizhai’s Annotated Catalog (Zhizhai shulu jieti; Chen Zhensun), 26, 74
- Zhong Wumou, 165n31
- Zhou Qufei, 121; Vicarious Replies from beyond the Ling Ranges (Lingwai daida), 121–23, 129–30, 177n67
- Zhu Gong: cited by Xu Shuwei, 96, 100; court appointment, 94, 99; Mr. Seeking Nothing’s One Hundred Questions on Cold Damage (Wuqiuzi shanghan baiwen), 94; One Hundred Questions on Cold Damage (Shanghan baiwen), 67, 93–95; Saving Lives (Nanyang huoren shu), 94–95, 96, 99, 100, 103, 137
- Zou Fuqing, 166n47
- Zuo, Ya, 156n47, 167–68n69