Index
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A
actor-network-theory (ANT)
Adong Village
Adorno, Theodor
aesthetics, Chinese
Agamben, Giorgio
agency: divine
human
landownership and
landscapes and
materiality and
Tibetan
zhidak
Agrawal, Arun
agropastoral sacred space
Alai
Gyarong writings
on the Tibetan Plateau
Amdo
Golog people. See also Rebgong
Amnye Shachong
Anagnost, Ann
animate landscapes: concept
legends
resource conservation and
sustainable development of
architecture
articulations: of environmental subjectivity
of the Green Tibetan
of local Tibetan communities
assemblages
Axu
B
backwardness: of ethnic minority populations
of Tibetan culture
Bai Hua
Belk, Russell
Bhabha, Homi
biodiversity conservation: aquatic
culture and
in Diqing Prefecture
at Khawa Karpo
programs
of sacred areas
of Shangrila Gorge
threats to
in Yunnan
biopower
bodhisattvas
bodily practices
botanical exploration
Brosius, J. Peter
Buddhism
culture
discourses
education
environmental protection and
knowledge
practices
sacred geographies of. See also lamas
C
Cairang Danzhi
capital: ecological
human
movement of
state investment in
capitalism: global
moral economy of
space of
state
caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis): biology and life cycle
collection in Dongwa Township
collection in Shusong
earnings from
governance
harvesting/harvesters
sustainable yields approach to
Catholicism
Center for Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge
Chamdo
location
Chanadordje Mountain
Chime Namgyal
China. See People’s Republic of China (PRC)
China Protected Area Leadership Alliance Project
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
ecological management
improvement projects
“interethnic unity” policy
in Konkaling
promotion of Tibetan culture
Sixth Plenum of the Seventeenth Central Committee
Chinese medicine
Choy, Howard Y. F.
Chuji Mountain: legend of
photo
Chuyun Spirit Lake
civilizing projects
Cizhong Village
Coggins, Chris
collaboration: instability of
interdisciplinary
process
translocal and transnational
Collected Essays from a Research Conference on Theories for Constructing Harmonious Society in Diqing Prefecture (Jiang Wenjuan)
colonization
commodification: of landscapes
of nature
neoliberal forms of
of place
commodity chains
caterpillar fungus
matsutake mushroom
conservation: biology
community involvement in
cultural knowledge and
designations
economy
management
organizations
programs
of sacred landscapes
social costs and benefits of
social science/scientists and
state power and
tourism development and
water. See also biodiversity conservation; nature reserves; protected areas; transnational conservation
Conservation International–China (CI-China)
Sacred Lands Program
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
cosmology
cosmopolitanism
crane, black-necked
Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF)
cults: heterodox (xiejiao)
mountain
zhidak
cultural politics: of landscape
of materiality
of state-led development
cultural production
inter-
culture. See Tibetan culture
Cultures and Biodiversity Congress (CUBIC)
D
Dalai Lama
Daocheng County
competition for Shangrila name
establishment of Yading Nature Reserve
tourism
Daocheng: The Remote Land (Lü Linglong)
deforestation
highway expansion and
deities: Diqing belief in
for household and village protection
and moral implications
mountain
recognition of
state control of
water. See also lhawa; yullha; zhidak
Deng Xiaoping
Deqin County
logging
Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture: agropastoral traditions
GDP
national parks
natural resources
politics
population
religious/cultural diversity
tourism
tourism planners
Dokar Dzong
Dongwa Township: administrative villages
caterpillar fungus collection
governance
location
Dream World—Shambala, Gannan, A (Gonbo Namjyal)
Duji Spirit Cave
E
Earth’s Staircase, The (Alai)
ecological modernization
China’s
ecological state: China’s transformation to
conflicts
disunity
Harmonious Society as
land classification systems
normative and critical studies of
power and
projects
shangrilazation and
sovereignty and
TNC’s role in
transnational conservation and
economic crisis (2008)
economic development: conservation and
cultural production and
of Great Western Development campaign
post-Mao
tourism for
use of local resources for
economy: conservation
cultural
matsutake mushroom
moral
tourism
ecotourism
in Hamugu Village. See also Greater Shangrila Ecotourism Zone
Ekvall, Robert
Eliade, Mircea
elites
endangered species
matsutake as
protected areas for
energy development
entrepreneurialism
environmental governance: of caterpillar fungus
endangered species as a form of
of matsutake mushroom
in Sino-Tibetan borderlands
village-level
environmental protection: of mountains
of national parks
organizations
in religion
resident involvement in
of Sino-Tibetan landscapes
Tibetan culture and
ethnic minorities: biodiversity and
classification of
differences
folk songs of
freedom and
Han fetishization of
harmony among
identity
in Lhasa
as “living fossils”
markers/indicators of
miniaturization of
pastoral simplicity of
religious diversity
as “sites”
sovereign power and
as TNC staff. See also minzu
ethnobotany
ethnographers: Beijing
Chinese
Tibetan
Everest, Mount
exiles
exploitation: market
of nature
resource
of youth
Falun Gong
Fan Wen
folk practices
folk songs: ethnic identity and
Khawa Karpo Culture Society and
revitalization of
food safety
foreign trade stations
Foucault, Michel
freedom, concept of
Friedman, Thomas
frontier poetics
G
Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture: altitude living conditions
as China’s “little Tibet”
clothing
Langmusi
population
Shambala
shangrilazation of
tourism
geopiety
definition
theophanic
Gesang Zeren (Liu Zan)
on belief in mountain deities
Hamugu Village guide
role in Hamugu ecological/cultural action plan
on traditional conservation
gift exchange
globalization: capitalist
economic
tourism and
global warming
gnas ri. See also Khawa Karpo Mountain
Goffman, Erving
Golog
Gonbo Namjyal (Gongbao Nanjie)
Gonjo County
governmentality: development and
environmental
in Harmonious Society
neoliberal
population and. See also environmental governance; resource governance
grasslands, partitioning of
grassroots associations
grazing
reduction
Greater Shangrila Ecotourism Zone
map of
Yunnan’s location within. See also Yading Nature Reserve
Great Western Development strategy: in Daocheng County
in Diqing Prefecture
ecological management
infrastructure and economic development
purpose of
shangrilazation process and
in Sino-Tibetan borderlands
sovereignty and
sustainable development and
Tibetan culture and
Green Tibetan
decline of
discourse
exiles
Rinchen Samdrup as
Tibetan-Han relations and
Guo Jing
Gyalthang. See Zhongdian County
Gyarong
H
Hamugu Village: cultural/ecological action plan
ecotourism development in
guide to
photo
sustainable development
Hamugu Village Center for the Protection of Indigenous Ecology and Culture
Han: environmental activists
fetishization of minorities
and Hui tensions
merchants
nationalism
population
tourists
view of Tibetans
writers
in Xiahe
Harmonious Society: Han-Tibetan cooperation and
as hegemonic
inception and principles
promotion of
Tibetan sovereignty struggles and
harmony: ethnic
with nature
sovereign power and
Hathaway, Michael
hegemony: of Harmonious Society
of scenic spots
highway expansion
Hillary, Edmund
Hillman, Ben
Hilton, James
home compensation
Horkheimer, Max
horse husbandry
household responsibility system
Hui: merchants
in Xiahe
Hu Jintao
human and nonhuman relations
hunting
I
identity/identities: of borderland groups
Chinese
ethnic
Green Tibetan
insider/outsider
loss of
religious
self-
Tibetan
imaginary: Chinese state
ecological
landscapes
national
Shangrila
imagined places
indigenous peoples: culture
identity
knowledge
literature
sacred landscape practices
territoriality
traditions
Ingold, Tim
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
Ivy, Marilyn
J
Jambeyang Mountain
Japan: food imports
forest decline
matsutake production and trade
Jiang Rong
Jiang Zemin
Jima Village (pseud.): annual offering festival
elders and lhawa relations
household income
incorporation
market dependency
Jiuzhaigou
ecotourism development
Journey through Labrang Culture: Labrang English Handbook (Gonbo Namjyal): overview
Tibetan culture in
Jueju Village
K
Karan, Pradyumna
Karma Samdrup
Karmay, Samten
Kelsang Dawa
Kham
Khampas
Khawa Karpo Culture Society
Khawa Karpo Mountain: conservation strategies at
deity
elevation
environmental protection for
holy status
massif
mountaineering
photo
pilgrimage circuit
spelling of
Zhila Village on
kings, Tibetan
Klingberg, Travis
Kluane First Nations
knowledge: about Yading
Buddhist
cultural/local
indigenous
projects to improve
Western scientific
Kolås, Åshild
Konkaling: communism
history
Rock’s exploration of
Konka Risumgongba: Rock’s writing and photographs of. See also Yading Nature Reserve
Kunming
Kunming Institute of Botany
Labrang: culture
embodiment of Tibetanness
fame
lamas
incarnate
land compensation
landscapes: cultural
exotic
gendering of
Gyarong
identity and
preservation of
representations of
resources and
as sites of cultural memory
spiritual transformation and
supernatural
Tibetan Plateau
tourist
transformation of
Western concepts of. See also animate landscapes; sacred landscapes
land tenure
Langmusi
Laojun Mountain
Latin American writers
Latour, Bruno
law
Lazong Ruiba (Lobsang Rinpa)
Lefebvre, Henri
legislation: for endangered species
for national parks
xiejiao
Leisha’s (restaurant)
Lévi-Strauss, Claude
Lhasa
lhawa: materiality and
photo of
recognition of
role in Tibetan villages
skepticism of
in trance state
Li, Chun
Li, Peter J.
Li Guiming
Lijiang
Lisu people: folk traditions
identity
“Little Tibets”
Xiahe as
Llamas, Rosa
local governments: community engagement
development strategies
national park management
tourism promotion
logging
Longwu
Lost Horizon (Hilton)
lu
Lü Linglong
M
Ma Jianzhong
Makley, Charlene
marginalization
markets: exploitation
Japanese
matsutake
for medicinal plants
neoliberalism and
reforms
tourism
marriage
materialism, metropolitan
materiality: cultural politics of
in zhidak cults
matsutake mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake): commodification of
earnings from
economy
inclusion on endangered species list
monitoring system
pesticide contamination
pickers
in Sino-Tibetan borderlands
smaller-sized
spores
sustainable yield assessments
trade
medicinal plants
mediums. See lhawa
Meili Snow Mountains National Park
name
memory, cultural
Menzies, Nicholas
Miao people
migrant labor
militarization
miniaturization
ethnic difference and
landscapes and
minzu
classification
parks
unity. See also ethnic minorities
Missouri Botanical Garden
monasteries: Konkaling
Labrang
Rongwo
Tsengu Gomba
Xiahe
monks
Rongwo’s
Moseley, Robert
mountains: cults
deities
expeditions
holy
living conditions on
rituals. See also sacred mountains; and specific name of mountain
Mountains of Southwest China
Muchi Jiacuo
Mullen, Renée
multiculturalism, statist
museums
N
Napahai Prairie
nationalism: Han
Tibetan
National Park Administration Office
national parks: administration
constraints of
designations
impact on industries
management and policy
plans and proposals
principles of
promotion of
resident involvement
as tourism attractions
U.S. model. See also Meili Snow Mountains National Park; Pudacuo National Park
nation-state: boundaries
Chinese
Natural Forest Protection Program
natural products
natural sciences
nature: commodification of
culture and
exploitation of
management of
as resource in potential
social behaviors and
urbanites and
Western traditions and
Nature Conservancy (TNC): adaptive management framework
China Program
conservation origins
criticism of
economic limitations
Khawa Karpo conservation
land acquisition strategy
and local governments
medicinal plant conservation
national parks initiatives
nature tourism promotion
social science integration
staff and budget
use of Photovoice
Western social scientists’ critiques
Yunnan Great Rivers project
nature reserves: designations
locations in Yunnan and Sichuan (map)
Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve
as tourism attractions. See also White Horse Snow Mountain (Baimaxueshan) Nature Reserve; Yading Nature Reserve
Naturvölker
Naxi
Nedu Village
neri. See also Khawa Karpo Mountain
New Socialist Countryside
Ngawa
NGOs (nongovernmental organizations): Friends of Nature
funding
organic agriculture promotion
political pressures
poverty alleviation
proliferation in China
sovereignty and
Tibetan. See also Nature Conservancy (TNC)
Nishi Administrative Village
nomadic people
nyen
Nyíri, Pál
O
Oakes, Tim
Olympics (Beijing)
ontologies
“othering” process
Ou Xiaokun
P
pastoralism
pastures
People’s Republic of China (PRC): conservation strategies
domestic tourism
ecological modernization
environmentalists/environmental movement
environmental management in
exports
food safety
miniaturizations and
pesticide usage
placemaking projects
protected areas
state incorporation
territory
tourist sites classification
personhood
pesticides
photography practices
Photovoice
place, practice of
placemaking projects
political ecology: of changing landscapes
of resource governance
pollution
population
development and
of Gannan Prefecture
of western China
Xiahe County
power relations: in conservation
landscapes and
in resource control
of villagers and outsiders
property rights
protected areas: categories
for endangered species
management and regulation
planning
for tourism
in Yunnan. See also national parks; nature reserves
protests (2008)
across the Tibetan Plateau
Pudacuo National Park: establishment of
management
resident involvement
success of
TNC retreat from
tourism plan
Q
Qinghai
zhidak and xiejiao cults
R
Rebgong: annual offering festival
infrastructure
lhawa figure in
location
mountain deity recognition
zhidak cults. See also Jima Village (pseud.)
Red Poppies (Alai)
regionalism
religion: of borderland ethnic groups
environmental protection and
rituals
space and
spirituality
state regulation of
Tibetan practices. See also Buddhism; cults; deities
Remote Country of Women, The (Bai Hua)
representation-practice relationship
Research Office of the Yunnan Provincial Government: national parks involvement
Nature Conservancy (TNC) and
Pudacuo National Park proposal
resource extraction
resource governance
political ecology of. See also environmental governance
resource management
reterritorialization
Return (Huigui)
Rinchen Samdrup
detention
environmental protection advocacy
as a Green Tibetan
Riwa Township
road workers
Rock, Joseph
discovery of Yading Nature Reserve
exploration of Konkaling
and Shangrila connection
writing and photographs
rural-urban movement
Russell, Diane
S
sacred landscapes: agropastoral
conservation
land tenure and
ritual practices
Sacred Lands Program
sacred mountains
biodiversity of
environmental protection of
Khawa Karpo as
Sacrificed Youth (Qingchun ji)
Sanjiangyuan Environmental Protection Association
Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve
scenic spots
Scott, James
self, the: metropolitan
travel writing and discovery of
self-immolations
Sertar Buddhist Institute
sexuality
Shambala
Shangrila, idea of
as an ecological laboratory
Shangrila County
Bita Lake
naming of
tourism
Shangrila Gorge
shangrilazation: of Diqing Prefecture
formation process
of Gannan Prefecture
indigenous geographies and
literary contributions to
as a miniaturizing method
of Shusong Village
of Sino-Tibetan borderlands
spatial organization of
tourism development and
“Sharing, Cooperation, and Scaling Up”
Shenrezig Mountain
Shika, Mount
legend
photo
Shusong Village: caterpillar fungus collection
governance
highway expansion project
location
matsutake mushroom market
Sichuan: nature reserves in
tourism development
Singh, Hukam
Sino-Tibetan borderlands: communities and population
environmental management in
ethnic diversity of
ethnic identity of
Great Western Development strategy in
map
as a nature conservation zone
NGOs
politics and territory
resource extraction
socio-ecological change in
sovereignty
state power in
tourism
trade and rule
Sloping Land Conversion Program
social relations
markets and
in resource governance
social sciences/scientists
conservation practitioners and
critiques of TNC
integration into conservation
Western and Chinese contrasts
Sonam Norbu
soul tree
sovereign power: ethnic minorities and
Harmonious Society and
right to life and
in sovereignty-discipline-government triad
state assertion of
over individual bodies
of Sino-Tibetan borderlands
Tibetan
transnational organizations and
space: of Chinese nation-state
Lefebvre on
miniaturizing methods and
production of
ritual demarcation of
sacred
special conservation zones
special ethnic zones
Stalin, Joseph
Stanley, Nick
state incorporation
state-led development
education and social welfare
infrastructure. See also Great Western Development strategy
state power: governance and
nature conservation and
in Sino-Tibetan borderlands
Stedman-Edwards, Pamela
Stewart, Michelle Olsgard
subject formation, environmental
suicide. See also self-immolations
Sullivan, Laurence
Sun Baohua
supernatural, the
surveillance
sustainable development
of animate landscapes
of Great Western Development strategy
sustainable yields
suzhi
T
Tashi Dawa
“tashi delek” greeting
Tashi Nyima
The Eye of the Snow Mountain
poetry
territorialization
theme parks
Three Parallel Rivers World Heritage Site
map of area
Tibetan culture: backwardness of
biodiversity conservation and
borderlands and
China’s nature and
Chinese promotion of
ecological knowledge and
environmental protection and
in Labrang
preservation of
reinvention of
threats to
tourism and
Tibetan Doctors Association
Tibetanness: Alai’s
of Diqing national parks
Gannan Prefecture and
Labrang embodiment of
tourism and
Tibetan Plateau: Alai’s view of
climate
landscapes
nature reserves
“opening up” the
pastures
protests (2008)
Tominaga, Yasuto
Tongren. See Rebgong
tourism: Chinese tourists
and exploration
in Gannan Prefecture
independent
in Japan
in Labrang
in Langmusi
photography practices
in Tibetan Autonomous Region
Tibetan culture and
Western. See also Great Western Development strategy; “Little Tibets”; tourism development
tourism development: highway expansion
in Jiuzhaigou
in Northwest Yunnan
promotion of national parks
Shangrila and
in Sino-Tibetan borderland areas
in Yading
trade routes
Trador
translation
transnational conservation
organizations
sacred lands and. See also Nature Conservancy (TNC)
of Fan Wen
frontier minority writers
guides
Han writers
on landscape features
outsider/insider relations in
self-discovery in
shangrilazation and
of Wen Pulin
tree planting
tsampa
tsen
Tserangding
Tsering, Topgyal
Tsing, Anna
U
unity: of Chinese nation
“interethnic” (minzu tuanjie)
Tibetan
urbanites
V
Varutti, Marizia
Vasantkumar, Chris
violence: law and
state
Voluntary Environmental Protection Association
W
Washington Post
Weixi
Wen Pulin
Axu writings
White Horse Snow Mountain (Baimaxueshan) Nature Reserve
village rules
Wilcox, Emily
wilderness, notion of
wildlife: conservation
management
products
Wilson, Ernest Henry
Winkler, Daniel
Wolf Totem (Jiang Rong)
women: compared to landscapes
ritual practices
rural
Tibetan
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
X
Xiahe County: dialect
Hui merchants
name
population diversity
tourism
travel texts of. See also Labrang
Xianggelila. See also Shangrila
xiejiao: cults
legislation
as the market’s Other
state scrutiny toward
Xining
Xu Xiake
Y
Yading Nature Reserve: horse trekking
naming and establishment
religious significance
Rock’s discovery of
tourism
UNESCO designation
Yan Hairong
Yanjing
Yeh, Emily
Ying, Li-hua
Yin Kaipu
Yubeng Village
Yúdice, George
yullha
ritual practices
Yunnan: biodiversity
“Conservation and Development Action Plan”
critiques of TNC in
cultural revitalization in
cultural tourism in
economic change
ethnic groups
Forestry Department
matsutake production
national parks initiatives
Shangrila designation
tourism development plan
Yunnan Great Rivers Project
conservation priorities
implementation of
partners and funding
Yunnan Matsutake Association
Yu Qingyuan
Zhang, Paul
Zhang Xuezhong
zhidak: agency
belief in
cults
description
legend of Shika and Chuji
political ecologies of
protection of
recognition
retaliation
ritual practices
sovereignty and. See also lhawa
Zhongdian County: definition/meaning of
deforestation
landscapes
Shangrila designation
Zhongxin Town
Zinda, John
Zomia