Index
The index that appeared in the print version of this title was intentionally removed from the eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below
abdication: negotiations leading to
terms of
Aihun (garrison)
Aisin Gioro. See imperial clan
Alliance (Tongmenghui)
anti-Hanism: allegations of
denied
criticized
rumored in 1911 Revolution
anti-Manchuism: rhetoric of
violent acts of
proscribed
in early Republic
Army of the Green Standard (Lüying)
Articles of Favorable Treatment (Youdai Tiaojian): terms of
implementation in early Republic
and Chiang Kai-shek
Association for Constitutional Government (Xianzheng Gonghui)
Association for Constitutional Preparations (Yubei Lixian Gonghui)
Association for the Common Advancement of the Manchus (Manzu Tongjin Hui)
Banner Affairs Office (Qiwuchu)
in Fengtian
Banner Duty Office (Zhinianqi)
banner lands: exempt from taxes
prohibition on transfer of
banner people: prohibited from marrying civilians
preferential political and legal treatment for (see also ethnic slots)
as synonymous with Manchus
geographical distribution of
population of
so classified, as opposed to civilians
governed separately from civilians
prohibited from outside employment
segregated residentially from civilians (see also Manchu cities)
as a hereditary military caste
bound to their garrisons
economic hardship among (see also Eight Banners’ livelihood problem)
schemes for resettlement of
alarmed at possible disbandment
vocational training for. See also Manchus
Banner Reorganization Office (Biantong Qizhi Chu). See also Office to Manage the Eight Banners’ Livelihood
banner soldiers
decline of
stipends of
training of
modernization of
in combat:
banner women
in 1911 Revolution
Banners (Qizu yuebao)
Barga
Beijing: Inner City
Boxer Rebellion in
police reforms in
schools for banner people in (see also individual schools)
new court system in
vocational education for banner women in
Manchus in (see also Metropolitan Banners)
Beijing Manchu Language School (Beijing Manwen Xueyuan)
Beijing Women’s News (Beijing nübao)
Beiyang Army. See also First Division; Sixth Division
bondservants
Boxer Rebellion
Bureau for the Implementation of Constitutional Government (Xianzheng Bianchaguan)
Cai Chengxun
Cai Tinggan
Cai Yuanpei
Cangzhou (garrison)
Cao Kun: with First Division
in Shanxi
as warlord
Central Great Harmony Daily (Zhongyang datong ribao)
Chahar (garrison)
Chahar (Mongols)
Changfu
Changgeng
Chen Baochen
Chen Baozhen
Chen Bi
Chen Jiongming
Chen Kuilong
Chen Mingxia
Chen Tianhua
Cheng Dequan
Cheng Jicheng
Cheng Yunhe
Chengdu (garrison)
Manchu City
poverty of
vocational training in
military training in
unrest in
resettlement of banner personnel
and 1911 Revolution
in early Republic
Chiang Kai-shek
ethnic policy of
China: concepts of
as composed of five ethnic groups. See also ethnic policies
Chongen
Chonglin. See Chongen
Chun, Prince (1840–91). See Yihuan
Chun, Prince (1883–1952). See Zaifeng
Chuohabu
Chuohatai
Cixi: and Hundred Days of Reform
and Boxer Rebellion
reform of Metropolitan Banners
reform proposals solicited by
reform of Manchu-Han relations
and reimperialization of power
and Beijing Women’s News
constitutional reforms of
administrative reforms of
death of
and recentralization of authority
funeral of
tomb desecrated
Committee for the Readjustment of the Qing Household (Qingshi Shanhou Weiyuanhui)
Communists: and Qing imperial household
and Manchus
Confederation of Provincial Assemblies
Constitutional Outline (Xianfa Dagang)
constitutional reform movement
Wang Jingwei’s criticisms of
Consultative Assembly (Zizhengyuan): decreed
first session
Manchu representation in
second session
Court of Colonial Affairs (Lifanyuan)
Cuizhen
Dai Hongci
Dashou
Daur
Deji
Deng Yuanpeng
Derui
Dezhou (garrison)
Duan Qirui: in late Qing
in early Republic
Duanfang
Han ancestry
as provincial official
as constitutional reformer
on Manchu-Han relations
opponent of recentralization
target of anti-Manchus
dismissal of
recall of
murder of
dyarchy. See also Manchu-Han ratio among officials
Eastern Miscellany (Dongfang zazhi)
Eastern Times (Shibao)
Eight Banner system: origins of
structure and composition of
Han appointees to
proposals for disbandment of
in early Republic
disbandment of
demilitarization
as basis of Manchu identity
Eight Banners Association for Constitutional Government (Baqi Xianzheng Hui)
Eight Banners’ livelihood problem. See also banner people: economic hardship among
1898 reforms. See Hundred Days of Reform
Enhua
Enming
of Qianlong
of Nationalists
of Manchukuo
of Communists
ethnic slots
Evenki. See also Solun
Feng Guozhang
at Nobles Military School
on army General Staff
in command against revolutionaries
as head of Palace Guard
disagreements with Yuan Shikai
during abdication negotiations
rivalry with Duan Qirui
opposed to Yuan’s monarchical scheme
support for Puyi
opposed to Zhang Xun
Feng Xu
Feng Yuxiang
Fengshan
Fengtian
First Division: origins of
centralization of control over
as palace guard
and formation of Palace Guard
and 1911 Revolution
and murder of Wu Luzhen
and Qing abdication
in early Republic
Fong, George
footbinding. See also under Manchu-Han differences
Fraser, Everard
Fuqi
Fuzhou (garrison)
and 1911 Revolution
Gangyi
Gao Lingxiao
Gao Youtang
General Staff
Germany: mission of apology to
as model for Zaifeng
Gong, Prince (1832-98). See Yixin
Gong, Prince (1880-1937). See Puwei
Grand Council (Junjichu)
princely participation in
membership of
condemned by National Assembly
replaced by cabinet
Great Harmony Journal (Datongbao)
Guan Zhonghe
Guangfu
Guangxu emperor: and Hundred Days of Reform
edict on Eight Banners’ livelihood
flight to and return from Xi’an
death of
burial of
Guangzhou (garrison)
poverty of
and First Opium War
difficulties with resettlement of
and 1911 Revolution
in early Republic
descendants of
Guards Army (Wuweijun), Center Division of
Guifu
Guilin
Guixiu
Ha Hanzhang
Han: as non-banner civilians
terminology for
land expropriated by Manchus
Han culture: Manchufication of
differences from Manchu culture
Hangzhou (garrison)
and Taiping Rebellion
and late Qing banner reforms
and 1911 Revolution
in early Republic
Hanjun
He Zonglian
Headland, Isaac Taylor
Hebei. See Zhili
Heilongjiang
Heinrich, Prince
Hengjun
Hengling
Hezhe
Hillier, E. G.
Hong Taiji
Hu Egong
Hu Qian
Hu Shi
Hu Weide
Hu Yufen
Hua Zhenji
Huang Fu
Huang Fusheng
Huang Xing
Huixing
Huiyuan. See Yili
Hulan (garrison)
Hundred Days of Reform
leaders purged
pardon for leaders
imperial clan (zongshi)
Imperial Clan Court (Zongrenfu)
jurisdiction challenged
Imperial Household Department (Neiwufu): in Qing
in early Republic
imperial kinsmen’s cabinet
imperial lineage (huangzu)
imperialism, fear of
Japan: as model for reform of hair and dress code
and military modernization
and police reforms
Chinese political activism in
and educational reform
as model for constitutional reform
as model for banner reform
as model for reimperialization of authority
hostility toward 1911 Revolution
support for Qing royalists
and Manchukuo
Japanese Army Officers School (Shikan Gakkō)
graduates of
Jiang Chunlin
Jiang Guiti
Jiang Shuzi
Jiangning. See Nanjing
Jiaqing emperor
prohibition on princes’ participation in government
Jilin
Jin (dynasty)
Jingkou. See Zhenjiang
as “language island”
and study of Manchu language
and late Qing banner reforms
detachment of troops in Wuchang
and 1911 Revolution
in early Republic
Jinliang
Jinzhou (garrison)
Johnston, Reginald
Jordan, John
Jurchen
Kaifeng (garrison)
Kang Youwei: and Hundred Days of Reform
purge of
no pardon for
contacts with Shanqi
pardon of
as Qing loyalist
Kawashima Naniwa
Ketteler, Baron von
Khorchin
Kiakar
Koreans: in Manchu banners
Kungang
Kunming Lake Naval School (Kunminghu Shuishi Xuetang)
Lao She: family of
death of father
as representative of Manchus
attitude toward Manchu ancestry
Li Chengyin
Li Guojie
Li Hongcai
Li Hongzhang
Li Jiaju
Li Kuiyuan
Li Shangwen
Li Shengduo
Li Weiran
Li Xieyang
Li Yuanhong
Lianfang
Liang Dingfen
Liang Dunyan
Liang Qichao: on Manchu-Han relations
no pardon for
and constitutional movement
contacts with Shanqi
pardon of
Liang Shiyi
Liangbi
as target of anti-Manchus
and Palace Guard
as opponent of abdication
Liangzhou (garrison)
Liankui
Liaoning. See Fengtian
Liaoyang (garrison)
L’Impartial (Dagongbao)
Lin Shaonian
Liu Cheng’en
Liu Kunyi
Liu Zhenyu
Longyu, Empress Dowager
and abdication negotiations
in early Republic
Lower Five Banners
Lu Chuanlin
Lu Runxiang
Lu Zongyu
Lü Haihuan
Luanzhou armed remonstrance
Luo Wanzhang
Manchu cities
Manchu culture: Sinicization of
imposed upon Han
core elements of
influence on Han culture
dethroned in early Republic
Manchu language
Manchu Studies (Manzu yanjiu)
Manchufication. See under Han culture
Manchu-Han differences
in legal classification
in Chinese-speech accent
in length of mourning period
in language
in men’s names
in men’s hairstyle (see also queue); in men’s dress
in women’s hairstyle
in women’s dress
in footbinding among women
in terms of self-address by memorialists
Manchu-Han ratio among officials: under dyarchy
under Cixi
under Zaifeng
in Yuan Shikai’s Qing cabinet
Manchu-Han relations: and Self-Strengthening Movement
and Hundred Days of Reform
under Cixi
debated in provincial assemblies
under Zaifeng
Manchukuo
and Manchus
Manchuria: banner garrisons in
as a Manchu preserve
governmental administration
banner stipends in
Manchu land ownership in
livelihood of banner people in
extent of spoken Manchu in
and Boxer Rebellion
ban on Han immigration lifted
administrative changes in
in 1911 Revolution
as possible refuge for Qing court
Manchu population in. See also Fengtian; Heilongjiang; Jilin
Manchus: terminology for
population of
Republican reassurances to
in abdication agreement
in early Republic
political representation of
political activism in early Republic
attitude toward ancestry
under Nationalists
in Manchukuo
in Peoples Republic
geographical distribution of. See also banner people
Meng Sen
Metropolitan Banners
composition of
resettlement scheme for
military modernization of
military education of
and police reforms
and educational reforms
and Palace Guard
in early Republic
Metropolitan Banners Standing Army (Jingqi Changbeijun). See First Division
Metropolitan Banners Training Office. See Office for the Training of the Metropolitan Banners
Metropolitan Military Primary School
Metropolitan Training Office (Jinji Dulian Gongsuo)
Metropolitan University
Military Preparatory School: at Tianjin
at Baoding
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Miyun (garrison)
Mongol banners
Mongols, in Manchu banners
Mou Lin
Mukden. See Shengjing
Mulan (garrison)
Najin
Nanjing (garrison)
and Taiping Rebellion
and late Qing banner reforms
and 1911 Revolution
in early Republic
National Assembly. See Consultative Assembly
Nationalists
and Puyi
and Manchus
Natong
as a metropolitan official
as grand councilor
as associate prime minister
navy
Manchu officers in
Navy Yamen
Nayantu
New Manchus
Nineteen-Article Compact
1911 Revolution, foreign intervention in
Ningxia (garrison)
Niuzhuang (garrison)
Nobles Military School (Lujun Guizhou Xuetang)
North-China Herald
Nurhaci
Office for the Training of the Metropolitan Banners (Jingqi Lianbingchu)
Office of Governmental Affairs (Zhengwuchu)
Office of Military Training (Lianbingchu)
Office to Manage the Eight Banners’ Livelihood (Chouban Baqi Shengji Chu)
Old Manchus
Olot
Opium Wars
Oroqen
Palace Guard (Jinweijun)
during abdication negotiations
in abdication agreement
in early Republic
disbandment of
palace guards. See also Palace Guard
Peking Field Force (Shenjiying)
People’s Journal (Minbao)
in provincial garrisons
Political Information Institute (Zhengwenshe)
political storm of 1907
princes’ participation in government
dynastic tradition against
under Cixi
under Zaifeng
reenactment of dynastic tradition against
provincial assemblies: authorized
Manchu representation in
in Guangdong
in Zhili
in Shandong
in Zhejiang
in Hunan
in Guangxi
in Yunnan
in Fujian
provincial garrisons: structure of
geographical distribution of
numerical strength of
vocational training in
military reorganization of
and reform of military education
and police reforms
and educational reforms
proposals for disbandment of
disbandment in early Republic. See also individual garrisons
Pu Dianjun
Public Works and Patrolling Bureau (Gongxunju)
Pujie
Pujun
Puliang
Pulun: as President of National Assembly
as possible successor to Guangxu
at Banner Reorganization Office
charged to draft constitution
as member of Yikuang’s cabinet
and abdication negotiations
as representative of Qing to Republic
out of favor with Qing court
as banner official
Pushou
Puting
Putong
Puwei (Prince Gong)
as possible successor to Guangxu
and abdication negotiations
in early Republic
and Manchukuo
Puyi (Xuantong emperor): birth of
chosen to succeed Guangxu
issue of edicts of apology and denial
and Zhang Xun
wedding of
expulsion from Forbidden City
and Nationalists
and Manchukuo
and Communists
Qianlong emperor
desecration of tomb
Qing, Prince. See Yikuang
Qing emperor: fate of compared with other rulers’
attempts to restore
Qing imperial tombs
desecration of
Qingrui
Qingzhou (garrison)
Qiu Jin
Qu Hongji
denunciation of
required
abolition of called for
modification of
made optional
retained in early Republic
recentralization of authority
Reconstruction Plan (Shanhou Banfa)
Rehe (garrison)
Reid, Gilbert
reimperialization of authority
reversal of
Restoration Society (Guangfuhui)
Rockhill, W. W.
Ronglu
Rongqing
Rongxun
Royalist Party (Zongshedang)
Ruicheng
Russia: as model for China
Manchuria occupied by
protests against
as negative example
Russians, in Manchu banners
Sa Zhenbing
Self-Strengthening Movement
Seminar on Constitutional Government (Xianzheng Jiangxihui). See also Association for Constitutional Government
Shang Qiheng
Shanqi (Prince Su): and Boxer Rebellion
and police reforms
and educational reform
as metropolitan official
and navy reform
and Wang Jingwei
in Yikuang’s cabinet
during abdication negotiations
in early Republic
Shaoying
Shen Guifen
Shen Jiaben
Shengjing (garrison)
Shiduo (Prince Li)
Shixu
as grand councilor
as president of National Assembly
as representative of Qing in early Republic
Shoufu
Shouqi
Shuangcheng (garrison)
Shunzhi emperor
Sinicization. See under Manchu culture
Sixth Division
Socialist Party (Shehuidang)
Society for Monarchical Constitutionalism (Junzhu Lixian Zancheng Hui). See also Royalist Party
Society for the Education of a Militant Citizenry (Junguomin Jiaoyuhui)
Society of Comrades (Tongzhihui)
Solun. See also Evenki
Songshou
Songyu
Sterkendries, Marcel
Study Society to Know Shame (Zhichi Xuehui)
Su, Prince. See Shanqi
Su Liangbi
Suiyuan (garrison)
Sun Baoqi
Sun Jia’nai
Sun Yat-sen
no pardon for
return from exile
as president
and abdication negotiations
and Qing court in early Republic
and early Republican politics
ethnic policy of
Taiping Rebellion
Taiyuan (garrison)
and 1911 Revolution
Tan Renfeng
Tan Wenjiang
Tang Jingchong
Tang Shaoyi
Tang Shouqian
Tang Wenzhi
Tang Xizhi
Tian Xianzhang
Tibetans, in Manchu banners
Tieliang
relationship with Yuan Shikai
and banner reform
target of anti-Manchus
as metropolitan official
and Palace Guard
and naval reorganization
relationship with Zaifeng
during 1911 Revolution
in early Republic
Tiezhong
Tiger Spirit Division (Hushenying)
Tingjie
Tongmenghui. See Alliance
Tongzhi emperor, and reform of Eight Banner system
Translators College (Tongwenguan)
Upper Three Banners
Urumqi (garrison)
Wang Guowei
Wang Jilie
Wang Jingwei
assassination attempts of
and abdication negotiations
Wang Tingzhen
Wang Wenshao
Wang Yujia
Wang Zhanyuan
Wanrong
Wen Shengcai
Wen Zongyao
Wenbin
Weng Tonghe
Wenhua
Wenkai
Wenpu
Wenrui
Wenxiu
Wilhelm II, Kaiser
Willow Palisade
Wright, Mary
Wu Luzhen
Wu Peifu
Wu Tingfang: and queue-cutting
call on Qing to abdicate
and abrogation of abdication agreements
Wu Yue
Wuzesheng
Xi’an (garrison)
and 1911 Revolution
Xianjun
Xibe: as New Manchus
and Manchu language
in Yili region
as recognized ethnic group in People’s Republic
Xiliang
Xiong Chengji
Xiong Xiling
Xiqia
Xiuyan (garrison)
Xiyan
Xu Shichang: in Manchuria
and constitutional reforms
at Ministry of Police
as grand councilor
as member of Yikuang’s cabinet
secret conference with Yuan Shikai
on army General Staff
in early Republic
Xu Shoupeng
Xu Xilin
Xu Zhishan
Xuantong emperor. See Puyi
Yan Fu
Yan Xishan
Yang Du: and agitation for constitutional reforms
on banner reform
as Qing official
during 1911 Revolution
Yang Sen
Yang Shixiang
Yang Wending
Yigu
Yihuan (Prince Chun)
Yikuang (Prince Qing): family background of
and banner people’s livelihood
and Boxer troubles
and Office of Governmental Affairs
and Ministry of Foreign Affairs
and princes’ participation in government
as grand councilor
and Office of Military Training
and Nobles Military School
and police reforms
administrative reforms of
and Ministry of Army
impeachment of
and naval reorganization
as target of assassination attempt
as prime minister
and outbreak of revolution
resignation of
and abdication negotiations
Yili (garrison)
and 1911 Revolution
Yin Changheng
Yinchang: and Boxer diplomacy
as army minister
and queue-cutting
as commander against revolutionaries
as republican official
Ying Lianzhi (Vincent Ying)
Yingrui
Yixin (Prince Gong)
Yongzheng emperor
Yuan Chang
Yuan Shikai: entry into officialdom
and Tieliang
and reform of Metropolitan Banners
and constitutional reforms
on Manchu-Han relations
as grand councilor
as metropolitan official
dismissal of
in retirement
recall of
in command at Hubei front
designated prime minister
negotiations with republicans
and murder of Wu Luzhen
and queue-cutting
negotiations with Qing court
attempted assassination of
and Liangbi’s assassination
and Qing abdication
elected president
dealings with post-abdication Qing court
and republican attire
dealings with Eight Banners
Yukun
Yulang
and police reforms
and Palace Guard
and army General Staff
as grand councilor
during abdication negotiations
Yulu
Zaifeng (Prince Chun): mission to Germany
and constitutional reforms
as grand councilor
named regent
and leaders of Hundred Days of Reform
and elimination of Manchu-Han differences
reimperialization of authority
and Manchu ascendency
attempted assassination of
and queue-cutting
and imperial kinsmen’s cabinet
compared with Cixi
response to outbreak of revolution
resignation as regent
and abdication negotiations
in early Republic
and Manchukuo
death of
Zaifu
Zaimu
Zairun
Zaitao: Zaifeng’s reliance upon
and army General Staff
and Palace Guard
sympathy for reform
as commander of Third Corps
during abdication negotiations
in early Republic
and Manchukuo
in People’s Republic
Zaixun: Zaifeng’s reliance upon
and navy reforms
as target of assassination attempts
in Yikuang’s cabinet
during abdication negotiations
in the Republic
Zaiyi (Prince Duan)
Zaize: and constitutional reforms
as metropolitan official
and naval reform
on queue-cutting
in Yikuang’s cabinet
and abdication negotiations
in early Republic
Zaizhen
on ethnic slots
as metropolitan official
in early Republic
Zeng Guofan
Zengyun
Zhalafen
Zhang Biao
Zhang Binglin
Zhang Fenghui
Zhang Furong
Zhang Ji
Zhang Jian
Zhang Renjun
Zhang Shaozeng
Zhang Xun
Zhang Yuanji
Zhang Yujun
Zhang Yunshan
Zhang Zhanyun
Zhang Zhidong: on Manchu-Han relations
in Hubei
and constitutional reforms
as grand councilor
opposed to pardon for 1898 reformers
concerned about Zaifeng
Zhang Zuolin
Zhao Bingjun
Zhao Erfeng
Zhao Erxun
Zhapu (garrison)
Zheng Xiaoxu
Zheng Yuan
Zhenjiang (garrison)
and 1911 Revolution
Zhili
Zhirui
Zhonghe. See Guan Zhonghe
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Fu
Zhu Panzao
Zhu Qinglan
Zhuanglang (garrison)
Zongli Yamen. See also Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Zou Fen
Zou Jialai
Zou Rong