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Manchus and Han: Bibliography

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table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Half title
  3. Title
  4. Copyright
  5. Dedication
  6. Contents
  7. Acknowledgments
  8. Introduction
  9. 1 / Separate and Unequal
  10. 2 / Cixi and the “Peculiar Institution”
  11. 3 / Zaifeng and the “Manchu Ascendency”
  12. 4 / The 1911 Revolution
  13. 5 / Court and Manchus after 1911
  14. Conclusion
  15. Notes
  16. Glossary
  17. Bibliography
  18. Index

Bibliography

ABBREVIATIONS

DFZZ

Dongfangzazhi (Eastern miscellany), Shanghai. Reprint, Taipei: Taiwan Shangwu Yinshuguan, 1971.

FO 405

Great Britain, Foreign Office, Confidential Print, China, FO 405.

GX

Guangxu reign (1875–1908)

KGWX

Zhonghua minguo kaiguo wushinian wenxian (Documents commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Republic of China). Taipei, 1962–65.

NCH

North-China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette: Weekly Edition of the North-China Daily News, Shanghai.

SL

Da-Qing huangdi shilu (Veritable records of the Qing emperors). Reprint, Taipei: Huawen Shuju, 1964.

SSJY

Zhonghua minguo shishi jiyao (chugao) (A chronological history of the Republic of China [first draft]). Taipei: Zhonghua Minguo Shiliao Yanjiu Zhongxin, 1971–83.

STSB

Shuntian shibao (“Peking Times”), Beijing.

TZ

Tongzhi reign (1861–75)

USDS

United States, Department of State. Numerical File, 1906–10; Decimal File, 1910–29. National Archives, Record Group 59.

XGHYL

Xinhai Geming huiyilu (Memoirs of the 1911 Revolution). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1961–63 (vols. 1–5); and Wenshi Ziliao Chubanshe, 1981–82 (vols. 6–8).

XHGM

Xinhai Geming (The 1911 Revolution). Comp. Zhongguo Shixue Hui. Shanghai: Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe, 1957.

XT

Xuantong reign (1908–12)

ZZGB

Zhengzhi guanbao (Political gazette), Beijing. Reprint, Taipei: Wenhai Chubanshe, 1965.

Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi. From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi. Trans. W. J. F. Jenner. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1964–65.

Aixin Jueluo Yingsheng. “Manyu he Hanyu de huxiang yingxiang” (The mutual influence of Manchu and Han speech). Manzu yanjiu, 1987, no. 1: 67–72.

———. “Tantan Manzuren de xingming” (A discussion about Manchu people’s names). Manzu yanjiu, 1985, no. 2: 55–60.

Aixin Jueluo Zongkui. “Manzu jiusu yishu” (Recollections of the Manchus’ old customs). Guangdong wenshi ziliao, no. 35 (1982): 263–74.

Aixin-Jiaoluo Pu Jie. “My Family and Myself.” China Pictorial, 1979, no. 8: 38–41.

Atwood, Christopher. “National Questions and National Answers in the Chinese Revolution; Or, How Do You Say Minzu in Mongolian?” Indiana East Asian Working Paper Series on Language and Politics in Modern China 5 (1994): 35–73.

Bai Jie. “Qingmo zhengtan zhong de Su qinwang Shanqi” (Prince Su, Shanqi, in the late Qing political world). Manzu yanjiu, 1993, no. 2: 36–39.

Banister, Judith. China’s Changing Population. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987.

Bartlett, Beatrice S. Monarchs and Ministers: The Grand Council in Mid-Ch’ing China, 1723–1820. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

Bays, Daniel H. China Enters the Twentieth Century: Chang Chih-tung and the Issues of a New Age, 1895–1909. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1978.

Beahan, Charlotte L. “Feminism and Nationalism in the Chinese Women’s Press, 1902–11.” Modern China 1 (1975): 379–416.

Beijing mingsheng guji cidian (A dictionary of famous sites and ancient relics in Beijing). Beijing: Yanshan Chubanshe, 1989.

Beijing nĂŒbao (Beijing women’s news), Beijing, 1905–9. Available at University of Chicago Library and Beijing University Library.

“Beijingshi Haidianqu Huoqiying Manzu shehui diaocha baogao” (A report of a social survey among the Manchus of the Firearms Division in Beijing’s Haidian district). Manzu yanjiu, 1988, no. 1: 89–93, 83.

Benson, Linda. The Ili Rebellion: The Moslem Challenge to Chinese Authority in Xinjiang, 1944–1949. Armonk, N.Y., and London: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1990.

Biggerstaff, Knight. The Earliest Modern Government Schools in China. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1961.

Bland, J. O. P., and Edmund Backhouse. China under the Empress Dowager. London: William Heinemann, 1911.

Bodde, Derk, and Clarence Morris. Law in Imperial China, Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing Dynasty Cases. Reprint, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973.

Bohai Shouchen (pseud.), comp. Xinhai Geming shimo ji (A full account of the 1911 Revolution). Reprint, Taipei: Wenhai Chubanshe, 1969.

Bonner, Joey. Wang Kuo-wei: An Intellectual Biography. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986.

Boorman, Howard L., and Richard C. Howard, eds. Biographical Dictionary of Republican China. New York: Columbia University Press, 1967–71.

Bredon, Juliet. Peking. Reprint, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Britton, Roswell S. The Chinese Periodical Press, 1800–1912. Reprint, Taipei: Ch’engwen Publishing Company, 1966.

Brunnert, H. S., and V. V. Hagelstrom. Present Day Political Organization of China. Revised by N. Th. Kolessoff; trans. A. Beltchenko and E. E. Moran. Reprint, Taipei: Xinyue Tushu Gongsi, 1964.

Cai Hongyuan and Liu Xiaoning. “Xinhai Nanjing guangfu—Sun Zhongshan jiuren Zhonghua Minguo linshi dazongtong” (The restoration of Nanjing in 1911: Sun Yat-sen’s inauguration as provisional president of the Republic of China.” In Xinhai Geming zai gedi (The 1911 Revolution at various localities), 161–74. Beijing: Zhongguo Wenshi Chubanshe, 1991.

Cao Xueqin. The Story of the Stone. Trans. David Hawkes. Vol. 1. Baltimore: Penquin Books, 1973.

Cao Yabo. Wuchang geming zhenshi (The true story of the Wuchang revolution). Reprint, Shanghai: Shanghai Shudian, 1982.

Cao Zixi and Yu Guangdu. Beijing tongshi (A comprehensive history of Beijing). Beijing: Zhongguo Shudian, 1994.

Chang, Sen-dou. “The Morphology of Walled Capitals.” In G. William Skinner, ed., The City in Late Imperial China, 75–100. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1977.

Chang Shun. “Maichen beizha zhuiji” (A posthumous account of the assassination of Liangbi). In XGHYL, 6: 389–91.

Chen Chunsheng. “Xinhai Geming haijun fanzheng jishi” (An account of the navy’s defection during the 1911 Revolution). In Zhang Xia et al., comps., Qingmo haijun shiliao (Historical materials on the late Qing navy), 696–704. Beijing: Haiyang Chubanshe, 1982.

Chen Jiahua. “Baqi zhidu yanjiu shulĂŒe” (A survey of research on the Eight Banner system). Shehui kexue jikan, 1984, no. 5: 109–16; and no. 6: 113–20.

——— and Fu Kedong. “Baqi Hanjun kaolĂŒe” (A brief study of the Eight Banner Hanjun). In Wang Zhonghan, ed., Manzu shi yanjiu ji (Collected studies on the history of the Manchus), 281–306. Beijing: Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe, 1988.

Chen Tianhua. Chen Tianhua ji (The collected works of Chen Tianhua). Ed. Liu Qingbo and Peng Guoxing. Changsha: Hunan Renmin Chubanshe, 1982.

Chen Wenshi. “Qingdai de bitieshi” (Manchu-language scribes in the Qing period). Shihuo yuekan 4 (1974): 65–76.

———. “Qingdai Manren zhengzhi canyu” (Political participation by Manchus during the Qing period). Zhongyang Yanjiuyuan Lishi Yuyan Yanjiusuo jikan 48 (1977): 529–94.

Chen Yishi and Wang Duanyu. “Qingdai Chengdu de ‘Mancheng’ yu qi-Han fenzhi” (The Manchu City in Qing Chengdu and the separate governance of banner people and Han). Sichuan Daxue xuebao, 1981, no. 3: 71–78.

Ch’en, Chieh-hsien. “The Decline of the Manchu Language in China during the Ch’ing Period (1644–1911).” In Walther Heissig, ed., Altaica Collecta, 137–54. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1976.

———. “The Sinification of Manchu Names: A Study of Personal Names in the Ch’ing Imperial House and Upper-Class Manchu Society of the Ch’ing Period.” Zhongguo Lishi Xuehui shixue jikan 1 (1969): 1–20.

Ch’en, Jerome. Yuan Shih-k’ai. 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972.

Cheng Changfu, Bunialin, and Yuan Liping. “Mulan weichang” (The Mulan hunting grounds). Gugong Bowuyuan yuankan, 1986, no. 2: 27–32.

Cheng Weikun. “Minchu ‘jianbianre’ shulun” (An account of the “queue-cutting rage” in the early Republic). Shehui kexue yanjiu, 1987, no. 3: 71–77.

Chengdu changfang guji kao (Investigations into the city walls and ancient relics of Chengdu). Comp. Sichuansheng Wenshiguan. Chengdu: Sichuan Renmin Chubanshe, 1987.

Chiang Kai-shek. China’s Destiny. Trans. Wang Chung-hui. Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1976. (See also Jiang Jieshi, Zhongguo zhi mingyun)

China, The Maritime Customs. Returns of Trade and Trade Reports, 1911. Shanghai, 1912.

China, No. 1 Historical Archives. Baqi Dutong Yamen (Office of the Eight Banner Lieutenants-General) Archives.

———. Huiyi Zhengwuchu (Office of Governmental Affairs) Archives.

———. Jinweijun Xunlianchu (Palace Guard Training Commission) Archives.

———. Junjichu Lufu Zouzhe (Reference Copies of Memorials at the Grand Council).

———. Junjichu Xianzheng Zhuanti (Grand Council, Special Topic on Constitutional Government).

———. Xianzheng Bianchaguan (Bureau for the Implementation of Constitutional Government) Archives.

Chou, Nailene Josephine. “Frontier Studies and Changing Frontier Administration in Late Ch’ing China: The Case of Sinkiang, 1759–1911.” Ph.D. diss., University of Washington, 1976.

Chu, Raymond W., and William G. Saywell. Career Patterns in the Ch’ing Dynasty: The Office of Governor-General. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 1984.

Chu, Samuel C. Reformer in Modern China: Chang Chien, 1853–1926. New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1965.

Chung, Sue Fawn. “The Much Maligned Empress Dowager: A Revisionist Study of the Empress Dowager Tz’u-hsi (1835–1908).” Modern Asian Studies 13 (1979): 177–96.

Coates, P. D. “Documents in Chinese from the Chinese Secretary’s Office, British Legation, Peking, 1861–1939.” Modern Asian Studies 17 (1983): 239–55.

Cochran, Sherman, and Andrew C. K. Hsieh, with Janis Cochran, trans. and eds. One Day in China: May 21, 1936. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1983.

Constable, Nicole, ed. Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996.

Crossley, Pamela Kyle. “Manchu Education.” In Benjamin A. Elman and Alexander Woodside, eds., Education and Society in Late Imperial China, 1600–1900, 340–78. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

———. The Manchus. Cambridge, Mass., and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997.

———. Orphan Warriors: Three Manchu Generations and the End of the Qing World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.

———, and Evelyn S. Rawski. “A Profile of the Manchu Language in Ch’ing History.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 53, no. 1 (1993): 63–102.

Da-Han Rexin Ren (pseud.), comp. “Guangdong duli ji” (An account of Guangdong’s declaration of independence). Jindaishi ziliao, 1961, no. 1: 435–71.

Da-Qing huangdi shilu (Veritable records of the Qing emperors). Reprint, Taipei: Huawen Shuju, 1964.

Da-Qing huidian (Collected statutes of the Great Qing), 1899 ed. Reprint, Taipei: Zhongwen Shuju, 1963.

Dai Xueji. Huhehaote jianshi (A short history of Hohhot). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1981.

Datongbao (Great harmony journal), Tokyo, 1907–8. Available at Beijing University Library and on microfilm at Columbia University’s East Asian Library.

Deal, David M. “‘The Question of Nationalities’ in Twentieth-Century China.” Journal of Ethnic Studies 12, no. 3 (1984): 23–53.

Des Forges, Roger V. Hsi-liang and the Chinese National Revolution. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1973.

Ding Shiyuan. “Meileng Zhangjing biji” (Notes of Secretary Meileng). In Wu Xiangxiang, ed., Zhongguo xiandaishi congkan (Essays on China’s recent history), 5: 235–85. Taipei: Wenxing Shudian, 1964.

Ding Shouhe, comp. Xinhai Gemingshiqi qikan jieshao (An introduction to the periodicals in the era of the 1911 Revolution). Beijing: Renmin Chubanshe, 1982–87.

Ding Yizhuang. Qingdai Baqi zhufang zhidu yanjiu (A study of the institution of the banner garrisons during the Qing period). Tianjin: Guji Chubanshe, 1992.

Dong Fangkui. “Lun ‘Luanzhou bingjian’ he ‘Shiguan sanjie’” (On the “Luanzhou armed remonstrance” and the “three heroes of the Japanese Army Officers School”). Lishi yanjiu, 1981, no. 1: 57–72.

Dongfang zazhi (Eastern miscellany), Shanghai, 1904–12. Reprint, Taipei: Taiwan Shangwu Yinshuguan, 1971.

Donghualu Guangxuchao (Donghua records for the Guangxu reign). Reprint, Tainan: Dadong Shuju, 1968.

Du Chunhe. “Zhang Shaozeng yu ‘Luanzhou bingjian’” (Zhang Shaozeng and the “Luanzhou armed remonstrance”). Jindaishi yanjiu, 1985, no. 3: 259–79.

Duanfang. Duan Zhongmin gong zougao (Draft memorials of Duanfang). Reprint, Taipei: Wenhai Chubanshe, n.d.

Duiker, William J. Cultures in Collision: The Boxer Rebellion. San Rafael, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1978.

Dutt, Vidya Prakash. “The First Week of Revolution: The Wuchang Uprising.” In Mary Clabaugh Wright, ed., China in Revolution: The First Phase, 1900–1913, 383–416. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1968.

Edmonds, Richard Louis. Northern Frontiers of Qing China and Tokugawa Japan: A Comparative Study of Frontier Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago, Department of Geography, 1985.

Elliott, Mark. “Bannerman and Townsman: Ethnic Tension in Nineteenth-Century Jiangnan.” Late Imperial China 11, no. 1 (1990): 36–74.

———. “Resident Aliens: The Manchu Experience in China, 1644–1760.” Ph.D. diss., University of California at Berkeley, 1993.

Esherick, Joseph W. “Founding a Republic, Electing a President: How Sun Yat-sen Became Guofu.” In Etƍ Shinkichi and Harold Z. Schiffrin, eds., China’s Republican Revolution, 129–52. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1994.

———. Reform and Revolution in China: The 1911 Revolution in Hunan and Hubei. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.

Fairbank, John K. “The Manchu-Chinese Dyarchy in the 1840’s and ’50’s.” Far Eastern Quarterly 12 (1953): 265–78.

———, and S. Y. Teng. “On the Types and Uses of Ch’ing Documents.” In idem, Ch’ing Administration: Three Studies, 36–106. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960.

Fang Hanqi. Zhongguo jindai baokan shi (A history of the press in modern China). Taiyuan: Shanxi Renmin Chubanshe, 1981.

Fang Zhaoying, comp. Qingmo Minchu yangxue xuesheng timinglu chuji (A first compilation of directories of students studying abroad in the late Qing and early Republic). Taipei: Zhongyang Yanjiuyuan Jindaishi Yanjiusuo, 1962.

Farjenel, Fernand. Through the Chinese Revolution. Trans. Margaret Vivian. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1916.

Fay, Peter Ward. The Opium War, 1840–1842. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1976.

Fei Hsiao Tung. “Ethnic Identification in China.” In idem, Toward a People’s Anthropology, 60–77. Beijing: New World Press, 1981.

“Feng Guozhang zaoqi lĂŒli” (An early curriculum vitae of Feng Guozhang). Lishi dang’an, 1995, no. 1: 59.

Feng Yuxiang. Wo de shenghuo—Feng Yuxiang Jiangjun zizhuan (My life: The autobiography of General Feng Yuxiang). Reprint, Hong Kong: Bowen Chubanshe, [1974].

Feng Ziyou. Geming yishi (An anecdotal history of the revolution). Taipei: Taiwan Shangwu Yinshuguan, 1953, 1965 (vols. 1–5); Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1981 (vol. 6).

———. Zhonghua Minguo kaiguo qian geming shi (A history of the revolution before the founding of the Republic of China). Taipei: Shijie Shuju, 1954.

Finnane, Antonia. “What Should Women Wear? A National Problem.” Modern China 22 (1966): 99–131.

Fitzgerald, John. Awakening China: Politics, Culture, and Class in the Nationalist Revolution. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.

Fletcher, Joseph. “Sino-Russian Relations, 1800–62.” In John K. Fairbank, ed., The Cambridge History of China, vol. 10, Late Ch’ing, 1800–1911, part 1, 318–50. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.

Fogel, Joshua A. “The Sino-Japanese Controversy over Shina as a Toponym for China.” In idem, Cultural Dimensions of Sino-Japanese Relations: Essays on the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, 66–76. Armonk, N.Y., and London: M. E. Sharpe, 1995.

Franck, Harry A. Roving through Southern China. New York and London: The Century Co., 1925.

———. Wandering in Northern China. New York and London: The Century Co., 1923.

Fu Kedong. “Baqi shuishi shilĂŒe” (The Eight Banner water forces). Manzu yanjiu, 1986, no. 1: 19–25.

——— and Chen Jiahua. “Qingdai qianqi de zuoling” (The banner company in the early Qing). Shehui kexue zhanxian, 1982, no. 1: 164–73.

Fu Zongmao. Qingdai Junjichu zuzhi ji zhizhang zhi yanjiu (A study of the organization and functions of the Grand Council in the Qing period). Taipei: Jiaxin Shuini Gongsi Wenhua Jijinhui, 1967.

Fung, Edmund S. K. The Military Dimension of the Chinese Revolution: The New Army and Its Role in the Revolution of 1911. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1980.

Gamble, Sidney D. Peking: A Social Survey. New York: George H. Doran Company, 1921.

Gan Haifeng. Lao She nianpu (A chronological biography of Lao She). Beijing: Shumu Wenxian Chubanshe, 1989.

Gao Shiliang. “Fujiansheng geming shihua” (Historical anecdotes about the revolution in Fujian). In KGWX, 2, part 4: 357–65.

Garrett, Valery M. Chinese Clothing: An Illustrated Guide. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1994.

———. Mandarin Squares: Mandarins and Their Insignia. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1990.

———. Traditional Chinese Clothing in Hong Kong and South China, 1840–1980. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Gasster, Michael. Chinese Intellectuals and the Revolution of 1911: The Birth of Modern Chinese Radicalism. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1969.

Gaubatz, Piper Rae. Beyond the Great Wall: Urban Form and Transformation on the Chinese Frontiers. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.

Gladney, Dru C. Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People’s Republic. Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1991.

Godley, Michael R. “The End of the Queue: Hair as Symbol in Chinese History.” East Asian History 8 (1994): 53–72.

Gongsun Hong. Feng Guozhang nianpu (A chronological biography of Feng Guozhang). Shijiazhuang: Hebei Renmin Chubanshe, 1989.

Goodrich, L. Carrington, and Chaoying Fang, eds. Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644. New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1976.

Great Britain. Foreign Office, Confidential Print, China, FO 405. Microfilmed ed.

Guan Jixin and Meng Xianren. “Manzu yu Shenyangyu Beijingyu” (The Manchus and Shenyang and Beijing speech). Manzu yanjiu, 1987, no. 1: 73–81.

Guanglu. Guanglu huiyilu (Memoirs of Guanglu). Taipei: Zhuanji Wenxue Chubanshe, 1970.

Guangxu zhengyao (Essential political documents of the Guangxu reign). Comp. Shen Tongsheng. Reprint, Taipei: Wenhai Chubanshe, 1969.

Guo Fengming. Qingmo Minchu lujun xuexiao jiaoyu (Military education in the late Qing and early Republic). Taipei: Jiaxin Shuini Gongsi Wenhua Jijinhui, 1978.

Guo Taifeng. “Baqi LĂŒying fengxiang zhidu chutan” (A preliminary investigation into the stipend system of the Eight Banners and the Army of the Green Standard). Fudan xuebao, 1982, no. 4: 103–7, 33.

Guo Tingyi, comp. Jindai Zhongguo shishi rizhi (Qingji) (A chronology of modern Chinese history, the Qing period). Taipei: Zhengzhong Shuju, 1963.

Guo Xiaocheng. “Fujian guangfu ji” (An account of the restoration in Fujian). In XHGM, 7: 280–83.

———. “Jiangsu guangfu jishi” (An account of the restoration in Jiangsu). In XHGM, 7: 1–33.

———. “Shaanxi guangfu ji” (An account of the restoration in Shaanxi). In XHGM, 6: 38–50.

———. “Yihe shimo” (A complete account of the peace talks). In XHGM, 8: 65–68.

———. “Zhejiang guangfu ji” (An account of the restoration in Zhejiang). In XHGM, 7: 135–49.

Guo Xiaoren. “Congrong jilĂŒe” (A chronicle of taking up arms). In XHGM, 6: 60–103.

Guofengbao (Sentiment of the nation), Shanghai, 1910–11. Reprint, Taipei: Hansheng Chubanshe, 1975.

Hackett, Roger F. Yamagata Aritomo in the Rise of Modern Japan, 1838–1922. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971.

Han Yanlong and Su Yigong, comps. Zhongguo jindai jingcha zhidu (China’s modern police system). Beijing: Zhongguo Renmin Gongan Daxue Chubanshe, 1993.

Hangzhoufu zhi (Gazetteer of Hangzhou Prefecture). 1898 ed.

Hao, Yen-p’ing, and Kwang-Ching Liu. “The Importance of the Archival Palace Memorials of the Ch’ing Dynasty: The Secret Palace Memorials of the Kuang-hsĂŒ Period, 1875–1908.” Ch’ing-shih wen-t’i 3, no. 1 (1974): 71–94.

Harrell, Paula. Sowing the Seeds of Change: Chinese Students, Japanese Teachers, 1895–1905. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992.

He Juefei and Feng Tianyu. Xinhai Wuchang shouyi shi (A history of the Wuchang uprising in 1911). [Wuhan?]: Hubei Renmin Chubanshe, 1985.

He Puying. “Manzu Tatalashi jiapu zhong de Han wenhua yinsu” (Han cultural elements in the genealogy of the Manchu Tatala lineage). Manzu yanjiu, 1993, no. 1: 46–51.

———. “Xin Zhongguo chengli hou Manzu de fazhan” (The development of the Manchus after the establishment of New China). Manzu yanjiu, 1987, no. 4: 90–96.

Headland, Isaac Taylor. Court Life in China: The Capital, Its Officials and People. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1909.

“Hebeisheng Zunhuaxian Dongling Manzu Xiang” (Dongling Manchu Township, Zunhua County, Hebei). Manzu yanjiu, 1989, no. 1: 76.

Heberer, Thomas. China and Its National Minorities: Autonomy or Assimilation? Armonk, N.Y., and London: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1989.

Henan tongzhi (Gazetteer of Henan Province). 1914 ed.

Henry, B. C. Ling-nam, or Interior Views of Southern China. London: S. W. Partridge and Co., 1886.

Honig, Emily. Creating Chinese Ethnicity: Subei People in Shanghai, 1850–1980. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.

———. “The Politics of Prejudice: Subei People in Republican-Era Shanghai.” Modern China 15 (1989): 243–75.

Hosie, Alexander. Manchuria: Its People, Resources and Recent History. Boston and Tokyo: J. B. Millet Company, 1910.

———. Three Years in Western China: A Narrative of Three Journeys in Ssu-ch’uan, Kuei-chow, and YĂŒn-nan. 2nd ed. London: George Philip & Son, 1897.

Hou Yijie. Ershi shiji chu Zhongguo zhengzhi gaige fengchao: Qingmo lixian yundong shi (The controversy over political reform in early twentieth-century China: A history of the constitutionalist movement at the end of the Qing). Beijing: Renmin Chubanshe, 1993.

———. “Qingmo yubei lixian shiqi de Yang Du” (Yang Du during the late Qing preparations for constitutionalism). Jindaishi yanjiu, 1988, no. 1: 88–114.

———. “Yang Du er ti” (Two questions about Yang Du). Jindaishi yanjiu, 1986, no. 6: 236–44.

———. Yuan Shikai yisheng (The life of Yuan Shikai). [Zhengzhou?]: Henan Renmin Chubanshe, 1982.

———. “Yubei lixian shi Zhongguo zhengzhi zhidu jindaihua de kaiduan” (Constitutional preparation was the beginning of the modernization of China’s political system). Lishi dang’an, 1991, no. 4: 104–11,127.

Hsieh, Winston. Chinese Historiography on the Revolution of 1911: A Critical Survey and a Selected Bibliography. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1975.

Hsu, Leonard S. Study of a Typical Chinese Town: What Survey Revealed in Ching Ho, North China, Which Was Taken as Example. Peiping: The Leader Press, 1929.

Hu Jieqing and Shu Yi. “Ji Lao She dansheng di” (A note on Lao She’s birthplace). In Lao She, Zhenghongqi xia (Beneath the Plain Red Banner), 134–42. Beijing: Renmin Chubanshe, 1981.

Hu Jun. Zhang Wenxiang gong nianpu (A chronological biography of Zhang Zhidong). Reprint, Taipei: Wenhai Chubanshe, 1967.

Hu Pingsheng. Minguo chuqi de fubipai (The restorationist clique in the early Republic). Taipei: Taiwan Xuesheng Shuju, 1985.

Hu Yunyu. “Fa shi” (A history of hair). In Man-Qing yeshi (Unofficial histories of the Manchu Qing dynasty), 1: 449–70. Reprint, Taipei: Wenqiao Shuju, 1972.

Hua Li. “Cong qiren biancha baojia kan Qing wangchao ‘qi-min fenzhi’ zhengce de bianhua” (Changes in the Qing imperial policy of “separate governance of banner people and civilians” as seen from the incorporation of banner people into the baojia system). Minzu yanjiu, 1988, no. 5: 97–106.

Huang Fu-ch’ing. Chinese Students in Japan in the Late Ch’ing Period. Trans. Katherine P. K. Whitaker. Tokyo: Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies, 1982.

Huang Guangliang. Qingdai keju zhidu zhi yanjiu (A study of the examination system in the Qing period). Taipei: Jiaxin Shuini Gongsi Wenhua Jijinhui, 1976.

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