INDEX
The index that appeared in the print version of this title was intentionally removed from the eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below
affirmative action
agriculture: apple-growing
Han emphasis on cereal crops
importance to tradition
opium cultivation
private ownership of land
as step to industrial development
Ahou Muye
alcohol use
altruism
Anderson, Benedict
Animism. See Shamanism
anomie
arbitrary fees
Asian financial crisis: business collapse and
currency collapse during
Mianning County affected by
tax revenue shortfalls and
assimilation
Association for Individual Laborers
Association for Private Enterprises
autonomy
Autonomy Law
Bai people
Baiwu Township
Bamo Ayi
Banpo script
Barth, Frederik
Berlin, Isaiah
big men
bimo: concentration of, in Meigu County
education of
as entrepreneurs
as ethnic institution
fortuneteller
as healthcare professionals
prohibition of
purification rituals
revitalization of tradition of
ritual use of script by
Black Yi
bounded solidarity
Bourdieu, Pierre
brand awareness
Brass, Paul
bribery. See also corruption
broken-in (strong) relationships
Bureau for the Administration of Industry and Commerce
Bureau for the Administration of Rural Enterprises
businesses: age of
clan member employment by
development of private sector
growth by type of
in Jinyang County
in Puge County
report on issues facing
types of
urban vs. rural
Yi ownership of
in Zhaojue County
Butuo County: drug use in
entrepreneurial biographies from
HIV infection in
interest associations in
poverty in
private sector weakness in
as research location
slave-owning society in
social capital
survival of traditions in
cadres
Cassirer, Ernst
Chambers of Commerce
charitable contributions
Chengdu
Chinese Communist Party (CCP): conflict with interest associations
entrepreneurs’ dissatisfaction with
entrepreneurs’ eligibility for membership in
entrepreneurs’ membership in
Nuosu termed slave-owning society by
Nuosu vs. Han levels of membership
regulation of market economy by
United Front Departments
cholera
cigarettes
circles of loyalty
clan enterprises
clans: as cause of Yi backwardness
decline in Nuosu connection with
description of
diminishment of social function of
dispute resolution through
equality within
as factor in commercial success
feuds
financial obligations within
membership as ethnic resource
new associations within
social obligations within
tong relationships and
transition toward ethnic identity
women entrepreneurs roles in
class mobility
cold loyalties
College for Agriculture, Xichang
Commission for the Revision of the Nuosu Script
communalism
Communist Youth League
comparative entrepreneurial profiles by ethnicity: age and ethnicity
age of businesses
attitudes toward the market economy
connection to the area
diversification in ownership by entrepreneurs
economic, social, and political prestige
educational backgrounds
factors for commercial success
life goals
professional capital
reasons for becoming entrepreneurs
social capital
types of businesses
types of entrepreneurs
Confucius
consanguinity
conspicuous consumption
constructive drinking
context theories
continuous perennialism
corruption. See also bribery
county government. See local government
crime
criminal gangs: attacks on mines by
attacks on outsiders
in larger cities
from Zhaojue
cuisine of the Nuosu
cultural invasions
cultural nationalism
Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)
criticism of slave-owners during
imprisonment during
traditional crafts
culture theories
cunning entrepreneurs
Dechang City
deforestation
Democratic Reforms (1956–1957)
development aid
“Development of the West” program
deviance
discrimination: against Han
against Nuosu
against outsiders
subtle
dispute resolution
Dittrich, Eckhard J.
division of labor
doctrine of socioeconomic formations
donations
drugs: abuse of, in Butuo County
abuse of, in Zhaojue County
dependence
opium
Durkheim, Emile
Ebian Autonomous County
economic freedom
economic segregation
economization
economy: development of, in Liangshan
market
shadow
social context of
traditional Yi
education: backgrounds by ethnicity
of bimo
community-supported teachers
entrepreneurs’ level of
funding of schools by entrepreneurs
in Ganluo County
high fees for
ideological indoctrination as
in Jinyang County
private schools
socialization in the schools
Elias, Norbert
Elwert, Georg
endogamy
enforceable trust
entrepreneurs: age and ethnicity of
as agents of social change
background of spouses of
as clan headmen
dissatisfaction with sociopolitical conditions
effect on Yi culture
and ethnic relations
female
government exploitation of
Han and Yi compared
Han ex-slaves as
informal training for
life goals of
in political offices
previous occupations of
previously self-employed
reasons for becoming
as role models
social capital of
social interaction among
traditional craft makers
types of
weak ties to the bureaucracy
entrepreneurs’ influence on local politics: charitable contributions
Communist Party organization membership
dissatisfaction with sociopolitical issues
formal vs. informal political participation
interest association membership
interest in sociopolitical issues
networking among entrepreneurs
participation styles by ethnic group
personal/social connections
political institution membership
satisfaction with local government
entrepreneurship: academic studies on
in China
and economic/social change
economic theories and approaches to study of
emergence in Liangshan of
and ethnic economies
factors behind development of
illegal
as self-fulfillment
environment: deforestation
mining damage to
equality
ethnic economies
ethnic entrepreneurship
ethnic identity: bimo as symbol of
clan identity transitioning toward
concepts and definitions of
entrepreneurs as agents of modernization
entrepreneurs as carriers of symbols of
entrepreneurs’ role in
and Nuosu-Han relations
as a process
self-confidence through economic success
stereotypes as expression of
time/space markers of
ethnic learning
ethnic minorities: academic research on
Autonomy Law and
classification of
problems facing
self-administration by
ethnic relations: cultural divisions of labor
economic segregation and
entrepreneurs and
ethnic boundaries
ethnic competition and Nuosu cooperation
ethnic entrepreneurs as perceived by Han and Yi
forms of confrontation
market competition and
in urban vs. rural areas
ethnic resources
ethnicity
ethno-nationalism
ethnocentrism
Evers, Hans-Dieter
family handicraft tradition
family-run businesses
Federation of Industry and Commerce
feudalism
feuds
forced assimilation
Freire, Paulo
Fu Shouzong
Gang of Four
Ganluo County: cross-cultural social interactions
dissatisfaction with public security
education in
entrepreneurial biographies from
interest associations in
interference by local cadres
mining in
number of businesses in
ostentatious consumption in
private sector development in
as research location
school building by entrepreneurs
Gao Gang
gastro-politics
gaxy caste
Geertz, Clifford
Giddens, Anthony
Granovetter, Mark
Great Leap Forward (1958–1960): deforestation during
forced assimilation during
hunger during
green wares
Guangxi province
guanxi: across ethnic lines
alcohol use and
clan-based
as corruption
credit obtained through
at the direct business level
donations for symbolic capital
as Han institution
importance for success of
influence on government through
kin networks
strength of ties
and taxation levels
Guizhou province
Guo Moruo
Guo Yingjie
Hagen, Everett
Hall, Stuart
Han people: discrimination against
dissatisfaction with sociopolitical conditions
ex-slaves as entrepreneurs
identity expressed through stereotypes
lack of local connection among
life goals of
Nuosu disparagement of acting like
preferential investment policy for
as source of workers
as top of cultural hierarchy
on wealth
Yi as ancestors of
Hanyuan County
Harrell, Stevan
Hayami, Yujiro
He Baogang
headmen of clanst health care
Heath, Dwight
Hechter, Michael
Hielie clan
hierarchy of cultures
Hill, Ann Maxwell
history
HIV infection
Hobsbawm, Eric
hospitality
Hui people
Huidong County
Huili County
income disparities
individualization
intellectuals’ prestige
interest associations
interpersonal relationships. See guanxi
invented traditions
irredentism
Japanese people
Jinyang County: businesses in
discrimination against Han
education in
health care lacking in
poverty in
private sector in
as research location
traditional economy in
Jize Ji Amu
juvenile crime
kin networks
kinship
Kolakowski, Leszek
Kunming
Lageman, Bernhard
language
laoxiang
laziness
leadership types
legal system
Leibo County: discrimination against Nuosu in
Nuosu entrepreneurs in
as research location
Li Fang
Li Yongxiang
Liangshan Prefecture: dependence on state subsidies
divisions of
economic development in
emergence of entrepreneurship in
founding of
income disparity among counties in
instability of entrepreneurship in
as marker for ethnic identity
as Nuosu Muddi
politics in
as poor region
statistics on
Liangshan Ribao (newspaper)
life goals
Light, Ivan
Lin Biao
Liu Bocheng
Liu Yaohan
lobby groups
local government: debt
economic policy
entrepreneurial dissatisfaction with
health care
performance of
political participation patterns
sanitation inspections
state intervention
Loho clan
loyalties
Lugu Lake
Luhmann, Niklas
Luojing Mountain
Ma Linying
Mabian Autonomous County
Mao Zedong
market competition: ethnic relations and
Nuosu cooperation and
market economy
matsutake mushrooms
Mauss, Marcel
mechanical solidarity
media
Meigu County: bimo numbers in
development successes in
dissatisfaction with local government
entrepreneurial biographies from
entrepreneurs’ development aid
government exploitation of business
interest associations in
number of businesses in
Nuosu entrepreneurs in
as research location
strength of traditional ties in
tax breaks for business in
as Yi cultural center
Melanesians
Meyer, Thomas
mgajie caste
mgamo
Mgebbu Lunzy
mgefu
Mianning County: cross-cultural social interactions
dissatisfaction with public security
entrepreneurial biographies from
infrastructure in
interest associations in
mining in
ostentatious consumption in
private sector development in
as research location
Yi enterprises in
middle classes
migration
mineral resources
Ming Dynasty
mining: in Ganluo County
in Mianning County
in Yanyuan County
minzu
modernization
Mongol people
moral economy
moral obligations
morality
Mosuo people
Muli Tibetan Autonomous County
multiple collectivities
Nanzhao Empire
nation-building
National People’s Congress
Native Americans
New Institutional Economics
Ninglang County
non-kin relations
Nuoho
Nuosu entrepreneurship: as agent of modernity
confrontation with cadres
as different from Han
economic development and
influence of
market competition and
as part of ethnic learning
reactive ethnicity of
relevance for Chinese ethnic minorities
state market economy vs.
Nuosu Muddi
Nuosu people: altruism among
“big man” role among
clan role among
Communist Party and traditional values of
discrimination against
dissatisfaction with sociopolitical conditions
endogamy among
forced assimilation of
identity expressed through stereotypes
language’s decline in use by
life goals of
local connections among
problems facing
revitalization of traditional institutions among
as secondary ethnic group
violence by Han against
on wealth
women as entrepreneurs. See also script of the Nuosu/Yi; Yi people
opium
organic solidarity
organization membership
ostentatious consumption
Pan Wenchao
Panzhihua
People’s Congresses
Polanyi, Karl
Political Consultative Conferences
entrepreneurs as leaders in
Federation of Industry and Commerce role in
prestige as membership goal in
political machines
political socialization
politics. See entrepreneurs’ influence on local politics; local government
Portes, Alejandro
poverty: and Chinese government policies
in Jinyang County
reduction of, by entrepreneurs
statistics
Yi-Han differences in
practical (weak) relationships
prejudice theories
prestige
primary ethnic groups
private sector development: in Butuo County
in China
county comparisons
in Ganluo County
in Jinyang County
in Meigu County
in Mianning County
problems facing
in Puge County
in Xichang
in Xide County
in Yanyuan County
in Zhaojue County
production responsibility system
productive donations
professional capital
public security
Puge County: development failures in
entrepreneurial biographies from
interest associations in
number of businesses in
private sector development in
as research location
tourism development in
pull entrepreneurs
push entrepreneurs
Qiang language
Qiesa Wuniu
Qin Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
quho caste
Radtke, Frank-Olaf
Rao Shushi
reactive ethnicity
reciprocity transactions
research methods
ritual donations
Rosenstein, Carolyn
safety regulations
Sahlins, Marshall
Sani people
Sanxingdui culture
Scarman, Lord
schools
Schumpeter, Joseph A.
Scotson, John L.
Scott, James
script of the Nuosu/Yi: banning of
business use of
as carrier of ethnic identity
entrepreneurs’ knowledge of
revision of
ritual use of, by bimo
spread of, in ancient times
teaching of
as world’s oldest
Yi lack of knowledge of. See also Nuosu people; Yi people
second jobs
secondary ethnic groups
segregation
Sensenbrenner, Julia
separatism
serfs
shadow economy
Shaga clan
Shama Qubi clan
Shamanism. See also bimo; suni
shanghui
Shimian County
Sichuan Trade Union Association
situation theories
Siying qiye xiehui. See Association for Private Enterprises
slavery: Cultural Revolution criticism of slave owners
Han ex-slave entrepreneurs
Nuosu as slave-owning society
and slave mobility
Smelser, Neil
Smith, Anthony
social awareness
social boundaries
social capital. See guanxi
social change: and clan relationships
entrepreneurship and
individuation
through Yi participation in political institutions
and tong relationships
social language
social mobility
social networks. See also guanxi
social protest
social relationships. See guanxi
socialism
Socialist Education Movement (1964)
soft laws
Sombart, Werner
special households
Stalin, Josef
state historiographies
state-run enterprises
status symbols
stereotypes
strong ties
suni
suyy
Swedberg, R.
symbolic capital
Szelenyi, Ivan
Tapp, Nicholas
taxes: and apple harvest reductions
Asian financial crisis and
disabled employees as exemptions
as extortion
fixed rates for
for Han investors
Meigu County exemptions
mining sector exemptions
transit tolls
temporary workers
theft
three representations
Tiananmen massacre
Tibet
Tibetans
tobacco use
tong relationships
torch festival
touren
tourism
town and township enterprises
towns. See local government
townships. See local government
trade unions
trader’s dilemma
traditions of the Nuosu: alcohol use
crafts
sharing food. See also bimo
transit tolls
transportation
Trenk, Marin
trust
tuotuorou
tusi
Uighur people
underground companies
unregistered enterprises
value introjection
Waldenfels, Bernhard
Walzer, Michael
Wank, David
warm loyalties
weak ties
wealth
White Yi
women entrepreneurs
workers’ prestige
Wu Jinghua
Xia Dynasty
xiangzhen enterprises. See town and township enterprises
Xichang: clan branch associations in
discrimination against Nuosu in
entrepreneurial biographies from
incorporation into Liangshan of
individualization in
ostentatious consumption in
private sector concentration in
Xide County: entrepreneur and staff in
entrepreneurial biographies from
private sector in
as research location
Xinjiang
Yala people
Yanbian County
Yanyuan County: entrepreneurial biographies from
entrepreneurs as clan leaders
entrepreneurs’ development aid in
interest associations in
mining/agriculture as economic bases of
ostentatious consumption in
private sector in
as research location
Yi people: alcohol use by
class system of
as courageous
effect of entrepreneurial class on
guerrilla actions by
as Han ancestors
history of
populations of
seen as lazy
seen as oldest East Asians
seen as undeveloped by Han
socialist reforms among
as underrepresented in employment. See also Nuosu people; script of the Nuosu/Yi
Young, Frank
Yuan Dynasty
Yuexi County
Yunnan province
Zangzu. See Tibetans
Zhaojue County: cross-cultural cooperation in
dissatisfaction with public security
drugs and crime in
education in
entrepreneurial biographies from
HIV infection in
interest associations in
poverty in
private sector development in
religious sects in
report on core issues facing businesses in
as research location
Yi in Chengdu
Zhou Dynasty