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Doing Business in Rural China: Index

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Index
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table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Title
  3. Copyright
  4. Contents
  5. Foreword
  6. Acknowledgments
  7. Introduction: Liangshan and Its Entrepreneurs
  8. 1 | Nuosu Traditional Culture and Social Change
  9. 2 | The Liangshan Economic Setting and Private Entrepreneurs
  10. 3 | Private Sector Development in Nine Liangshan Counties
  11. 4 | Comparative Profiles of Nuosu and Han Entrepreneurs
  12. 5 | The Effect of Entrepreneurs on Local Politics
  13. 6 | Entrepreneurs and Social Change
  14. 7 | Entrepreneurs and Ethnic Relations
  15. 8 | Entrepreneurs and Ethnic Identity
  16. Conclusion : The Influence of Nuosu Entrepreneurs
  17. Notes
  18. Bibliography
  19. Index

INDEX

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The index that appeared in the print version of this title was intentionally removed from the eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below

affirmative action

agriculture: apple-growing

Han emphasis on cereal crops

importance to tradition

opium cultivation

private ownership of land

as step to industrial development

Ahou Muye

alcohol use

altruism

Anderson, Benedict

Animism. See Shamanism

anomie

arbitrary fees

Asian financial crisis: business collapse and

currency collapse during

Mianning County affected by

tax revenue shortfalls and

assimilation

Association for Individual Laborers

Association for Private Enterprises

autonomy

Autonomy Law

Bai people

Baiwu Township

Bamo Ayi

Banpo script

Barth, Frederik

Berlin, Isaiah

big men

bimo: concentration of, in Meigu County

education of

as entrepreneurs

as ethnic institution

fortuneteller

as healthcare professionals

prohibition of

purification rituals

revitalization of tradition of

ritual use of script by

Black Yi

bounded solidarity

Bourdieu, Pierre

brand awareness

Brass, Paul

bribery. See also corruption

broken-in (strong) relationships

Bureau for the Administration of Industry and Commerce

Bureau for the Administration of Rural Enterprises

businesses: age of

clan member employment by

development of private sector

in Ganluo County

growth by type of

in Jinyang County

in Puge County

report on issues facing

types of

urban vs. rural

Yi ownership of

in Zhaojue County

Butuo County: drug use in

entrepreneurial biographies from

HIV infection in

interest associations in

poverty in

private sector weakness in

as research location

slave-owning society in

social capital

survival of traditions in

cadres

Cassirer, Ernst

Chambers of Commerce

charitable contributions

Chengdu

Chinese Communist Party (CCP): conflict with interest associations

entrepreneurs’ dissatisfaction with

entrepreneurs’ eligibility for membership in

entrepreneurs’ membership in

Nuosu termed slave-owning society by

Nuosu vs. Han levels of membership

regulation of market economy by

United Front Departments

cholera

cigarettes

circles of loyalty

clan enterprises

clans: as cause of Yi backwardness

decline in Nuosu connection with

description of

diminishment of social function of

dispute resolution through

equality within

as factor in commercial success

feuds

financial obligations within

membership as ethnic resource

new associations within

social obligations within

tong relationships and

transition toward ethnic identity

women entrepreneurs roles in

class mobility

cold loyalties

College for Agriculture, Xichang

Commission for the Revision of the Nuosu Script

communalism

Communist Youth League

comparative entrepreneurial profiles by ethnicity: age and ethnicity

age of businesses

attitudes toward the market economy

connection to the area

diversification in ownership by entrepreneurs

economic, social, and political prestige

educational backgrounds

factors for commercial success

life goals

professional capital

reasons for becoming entrepreneurs

social capital

types of businesses

types of entrepreneurs

Confucius

consanguinity

conspicuous consumption

constructive drinking

context theories

continuous perennialism

corruption. See also bribery

county government. See local government

crime

criminal gangs: attacks on mines by

attacks on outsiders

in larger cities

from Zhaojue

cuisine of the Nuosu

cultural invasions

cultural nationalism

Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)

criticism of slave-owners during

imprisonment during

traditional crafts

culture theories

cunning entrepreneurs

Dechang City

deforestation

Democratic Reforms (1956–1957)

development aid

“Development of the West” program

deviance

discrimination: against Han

against Nuosu

against outsiders

subtle

dispute resolution

Dittrich, Eckhard J.

division of labor

doctrine of socioeconomic formations

donations

drugs: abuse of, in Butuo County

abuse of, in Zhaojue County

dependence

opium

Durkheim, Emile

Ebian Autonomous County

economic freedom

economic segregation

economization

economy: development of, in Liangshan

market

shadow

social context of

traditional Yi

education: backgrounds by ethnicity

of bimo

community-supported teachers

entrepreneurs’ level of

funding of schools by entrepreneurs

in Ganluo County

high fees for

ideological indoctrination as

in Jinyang County

private schools

socialization in the schools

Elias, Norbert

Elwert, Georg

endogamy

enforceable trust

entrepreneurs: age and ethnicity of

as agents of social change

background of spouses of

as clan headmen

dissatisfaction with sociopolitical conditions

effect on Yi culture

and ethnic relations

female

government exploitation of

Han and Yi compared

Han ex-slaves as

informal training for

life goals of

in political offices

previous occupations of

previously self-employed

reasons for becoming

as role models

social capital of

social interaction among

traditional craft makers

types of

weak ties to the bureaucracy

entrepreneurs’ influence on local politics: charitable contributions

Communist Party organization membership

dissatisfaction with sociopolitical issues

formal vs. informal political participation

interest association membership

interest in sociopolitical issues

networking among entrepreneurs

participation styles by ethnic group

personal/social connections

political institution membership

satisfaction with local government

entrepreneurship: academic studies on

in China

and economic/social change

economic theories and approaches to study of

emergence in Liangshan of

and ethnic economies

factors behind development of

illegal

as self-fulfillment

environment: deforestation

mining damage to

equality

ethnic economies

ethnic entrepreneurship

ethnic identity: bimo as symbol of

clan identity transitioning toward

concepts and definitions of

entrepreneurs as agents of modernization

entrepreneurs as carriers of symbols of

entrepreneurs’ role in

and Nuosu-Han relations

as a process

self-confidence through economic success

stereotypes as expression of

time/space markers of

ethnic learning

ethnic minorities: academic research on

Autonomy Law and

classification of

problems facing

self-administration by

ethnic relations: cultural divisions of labor

economic segregation and

entrepreneurs and

ethnic boundaries

ethnic competition and Nuosu cooperation

ethnic entrepreneurs as perceived by Han and Yi

forms of confrontation

market competition and

in urban vs. rural areas

ethnic resources

ethnicity

ethno-nationalism

ethnocentrism

Evers, Hans-Dieter

family handicraft tradition

family-run businesses

Federation of Industry and Commerce

feudalism

feuds

forced assimilation

Freire, Paulo

Fu Shouzong

Gang of Four

Ganluo County: cross-cultural social interactions

dissatisfaction with public security

education in

entrepreneurial biographies from

interest associations in

interference by local cadres

mining in

number of businesses in

Nuosu entrepreneurs in

ostentatious consumption in

private sector development in

as research location

school building by entrepreneurs

Gao Gang

gastro-politics

gaxy caste

Geertz, Clifford

Giddens, Anthony

Granovetter, Mark

Great Leap Forward (1958–1960): deforestation during

forced assimilation during

hunger during

green wares

Guangxi province

guanxi: across ethnic lines

alcohol use and

clan-based

as corruption

credit obtained through

at the direct business level

donations for symbolic capital

as Han institution

importance for success of

influence on government through

kin networks

strength of ties

and taxation levels

Guizhou province

Guo Moruo

Guo Yingjie

Hagen, Everett

Hall, Stuart

Han people: discrimination against

dissatisfaction with sociopolitical conditions

ex-slaves as entrepreneurs

identity expressed through stereotypes

lack of local connection among

life goals of

Nuosu disparagement of acting like

preferential investment policy for

as source of workers

as top of cultural hierarchy

on wealth

Yi as ancestors of

Hanyuan County

Harrell, Stevan

Hayami, Yujiro

He Baogang

headmen of clanst health care

Heath, Dwight

Hechter, Michael

Hielie clan

hierarchy of cultures

Hill, Ann Maxwell

history

HIV infection

Hobsbawm, Eric

hospitality

Hui people

Huidong County

Huili County

income disparities

individualization

intellectuals’ prestige

interest associations

interpersonal relationships. See guanxi

invented traditions

irredentism

Japanese people

Jinyang County: businesses in

discrimination against Han

education in

health care lacking in

poverty in

private sector in

as research location

traditional economy in

Jize Ji Amu

Jjike clan

juvenile crime

kin networks

kinship

Kolakowski, Leszek

Kunming

Lageman, Bernhard

language

laoxiang

laziness

leadership types

legal system

Leibo County: discrimination against Nuosu in

Nuosu entrepreneurs in

as research location

Li Fang

Li Yongxiang

Liangshan Prefecture: dependence on state subsidies

divisions of

economic development in

emergence of entrepreneurship in

founding of

income disparity among counties in

instability of entrepreneurship in

as marker for ethnic identity

as Nuosu Muddi

politics in

as poor region

statistics on

Liangshan Ribao (newspaper)

life goals

Light, Ivan

Lin Biao

Liu Bocheng

Liu Yaohan

lobby groups

local government: debt

economic policy

entrepreneurial dissatisfaction with

health care

performance of

political participation patterns

sanitation inspections

state intervention

Loho clan

loyalties

Lugu Lake

Luhmann, Niklas

Luojing Mountain

Ma Linying

Mabian Autonomous County

Mao Zedong

market competition: ethnic relations and

Nuosu cooperation and

market economy

matsutake mushrooms

Mauss, Marcel

mechanical solidarity

media

Meigu County: bimo numbers in

development successes in

dissatisfaction with local government

entrepreneurial biographies from

entrepreneurs’ development aid

government exploitation of business

interest associations in

number of businesses in

Nuosu entrepreneurs in

as research location

strength of traditional ties in

tax breaks for business in

as Yi cultural center

Melanesians

Meyer, Thomas

mgajie caste

mgamo

Mgebbu Lunzy

mgefu

Mianning County: cross-cultural social interactions

dissatisfaction with public security

entrepreneurial biographies from

infrastructure in

interest associations in

mining in

ostentatious consumption in

private sector development in

as research location

Yi enterprises in

middle classes

migration

mineral resources

Ming Dynasty

mining: in Ganluo County

in Mianning County

in Yanyuan County

minzu

modernization

Mongol people

moral economy

moral obligations

morality

Mosuo people

Muli Tibetan Autonomous County

multiple collectivities

Nanzhao Empire

nation-building

National People’s Congress

Native Americans

New Institutional Economics

Ninglang County

non-kin relations

Nuoho

Nuosu entrepreneurship: as agent of modernity

confrontation with cadres

as different from Han

economic development and

influence of

market competition and

as part of ethnic learning

reactive ethnicity of

relevance for Chinese ethnic minorities

state market economy vs.

Nuosu Muddi

Nuosu people: altruism among

“big man” role among

clan role among

Communist Party and traditional values of

discrimination against

dissatisfaction with sociopolitical conditions

endogamy among

forced assimilation of

identity expressed through stereotypes

language’s decline in use by

life goals of

local connections among

problems facing

revitalization of traditional institutions among

as secondary ethnic group

violence by Han against

on wealth

women as entrepreneurs. See also script of the Nuosu/Yi; Yi people

opium

organic solidarity

organization membership

ostentatious consumption

Pan Wenchao

Panzhihua

People’s Congresses

Polanyi, Karl

Political Consultative Conferences

entrepreneurs as leaders in

Federation of Industry and Commerce role in

prestige as membership goal in

political machines

political socialization

politics. See entrepreneurs’ influence on local politics; local government

popular memories

Portes, Alejandro

poverty: and Chinese government policies

in Jinyang County

reduction of, by entrepreneurs

statistics

Yi-Han differences in

practical (weak) relationships

prejudice theories

prestige

primary ethnic groups

private sector development: in Butuo County

in China

county comparisons

in Ganluo County

in Jinyang County

in Meigu County

in Mianning County

problems facing

in Puge County

in Xichang

in Xide County

in Yanyuan County

in Zhaojue County

production responsibility system

productive donations

professional capital

public security

Puge County: development failures in

entrepreneurial biographies from

interest associations in

number of businesses in

private sector development in

as research location

tourism development in

pull entrepreneurs

push entrepreneurs

Qiang language

Qiesa Wuniu

Qin Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

quho caste

Radtke, Frank-Olaf

Rao Shushi

reactive ethnicity

reciprocity transactions

research methods

ritual donations

Rosenstein, Carolyn

safety regulations

Sahlins, Marshall

Sani people

Sanxingdui culture

Scarman, Lord

schools

Schumpeter, Joseph A.

Scotson, John L.

Scott, James

script of the Nuosu/Yi: banning of

business use of

as carrier of ethnic identity

entrepreneurs’ knowledge of

revision of

ritual use of, by bimo

spread of, in ancient times

teaching of

as world’s oldest

Yi lack of knowledge of. See also Nuosu people; Yi people

second jobs

secondary ethnic groups

segregation

Sensenbrenner, Julia

separatism

serfs

shadow economy

Shaga clan

Shama Qubi clan

Shamanism. See also bimo; suni

shanghui

Shimian County

Sichuan province

Sichuan Trade Union Association

situation theories

Siying qiye xiehui. See Association for Private Enterprises

slavery: Cultural Revolution criticism of slave owners

Han ex-slave entrepreneurs

Nuosu as slave-owning society

and slave mobility

Smelser, Neil

Smith, Anthony

social awareness

social boundaries

social capital. See guanxi

social change: and clan relationships

entrepreneurship and

individuation

through Yi participation in political institutions

and tong relationships

social language

social mobility

social networks. See also guanxi

social protest

social relationships. See guanxi

socialism

Socialist Education Movement (1964)

soft laws

Sombart, Werner

special households

Stalin, Josef

state historiographies

state-run enterprises

status symbols

stereotypes

strong ties

suni

suyy

Swedberg, R.

symbolic capital

Szelenyi, Ivan

Tapp, Nicholas

taxes: and apple harvest reductions

Asian financial crisis and

disabled employees as exemptions

as extortion

fixed rates for

for Han investors

Meigu County exemptions

mining sector exemptions

transit tolls

temporary workers

theft

three representations

Tiananmen massacre

Tibet

Tibetans

tobacco use

tong relationships

torch festival

touren

tourism

town and township enterprises

towns. See local government

townships. See local government

trade unions

trader’s dilemma

traditions of the Nuosu: alcohol use

crafts

sharing food. See also bimo

transit tolls

transportation

Trenk, Marin

trust

tuotuorou

tusi

Uighur people

underground companies

United Front Departments

unregistered enterprises

value introjection

Waldenfels, Bernhard

Walzer, Michael

Wank, David

warm loyalties

weak ties

wealth

White Yi

women entrepreneurs

workers’ prestige

Wu Jinghua

Xia Dynasty

xiangzhen enterprises. See town and township enterprises

Xichang: clan branch associations in

discrimination against Nuosu in

entrepreneurial biographies from

incorporation into Liangshan of

individualization in

ostentatious consumption in

private sector concentration in

Xide County: entrepreneur and staff in

entrepreneurial biographies from

private sector in

as research location

Xinjiang

Yala people

Yanbian County

Yanyuan County: entrepreneurial biographies from

entrepreneurs as clan leaders

entrepreneurs’ development aid in

interest associations in

mining/agriculture as economic bases of

ostentatious consumption in

private sector in

as research location

Yi people: alcohol use by

class system of

as courageous

effect of entrepreneurial class on

guerrilla actions by

as Han ancestors

history of

populations of

seen as lazy

seen as oldest East Asians

seen as undeveloped by Han

socialist reforms among

as underrepresented in employment. See also Nuosu people; script of the Nuosu/Yi

Young, Frank

Yuan Dynasty

Yuexi County

Yunnan province

Zangzu. See Tibetans

Zhaojue County: cross-cultural cooperation in

dissatisfaction with public security

drugs and crime in

education in

entrepreneurial biographies from

HIV infection in

interest associations in

poverty in

private sector development in

religious sects in

report on core issues facing businesses in

as research location

Yi in Chengdu

Zhou Dynasty

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