Skip to main content

Satirical Tibet: References

Satirical Tibet
References
    • Notifications
    • Privacy
  • Project HomeSatirical Tibet
  • Projects
  • Learn more about Manifold

Notes

Show the following:

  • Annotations
  • Resources
Search within:

Adjust appearance:

  • font
    Font style
  • color scheme
  • Margins
table of contents
  1. Series Page
  2. Title Page
  3. Copyright
  4. Dedication
  5. Contents
  6. Foreword by Stevan Harrell
  7. A Note on Language, Methodology, and Ethics
  8. Acknowledgments
  9. Introduction: Doing Zurza
  10. 1. Dokwa: “Eating the Sides” in Oral and Literary Traditions
  11. 2. Khashag: Language, Print, and Ethnic Pride in the 1980s
  12. 3. Khashag on Air: Solving Social Ills by Radio in the 1990s
  13. 4. Garchung: Televised Sketches and a 98 Cultural Turn in the 2000s
  14. 5. Zheematam: Tibetan Hip-Hop in the Digital World
  15. Conclusion: The Irrepressible Trickster
  16. Glossary
  17. Notes
  18. References
  19. Index
  20. Series List
  21. Back Cover

References

Abrahams, Roger D. 1962. “Playing the Dozens.” Journal of American Folklore, 75:209–20.

  • Abu-Lughod, Lila. 1999. “The Interpretation of Culture(s) after Television.” In The Fate of “Culture,” edited by Sherry B. Ortner, 110–35. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Adams, Vincanne. 1996. “Karaoke as Modern Lhasa, Tibet: Western Encounters with Cultural Politics.” Cultural Anthropology 11 (4): 510–46.
  • Ahearn, Laura M. 2003. “Writing Desire in Nepali Love Letters.” Language and Communication 23 (2): 107–22.
  • ______. 2004. “Literacy, Power, and Agency: Love Letters and Development in Nepal.” Language and Education 18 (4): 305–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500780408666883.
  • Almeida, Cristina Moreno. 2017. Rap Beyond Resistance: Staging Power in Contemporary Morocco. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Anagnost, Ann. 1997. National Past-Times: Narrative, Representation, and Power in Modern China. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Anonymous. 1990. “6.9 Quake in China Kills 109.” Los Angeles Times, April 27, 1990. http://articles.latimes.com/1990-04-27/news/mn-349_1_quakes-kills-china.
  • Anonymous. 2010. “Sgyu rtsal pa Sman bla skyabs kyi ched las thad kyi bcar ’dri’i lan སྒྱུ་རྩལ་པ་སྨན་བླ་སྐྱབས་ཀྱི་ཆེད་ལས་ཐད་ཀྱི་བཅར་འདྲིའི་ལན།” (Interview responses on the artist Sman bla skyabs’s Specialty). Na gzhon gsar ba (New youth), May 25. http://www.tbnewyouth.com/article/interview/20100525615.html.
  • Anton-Luca, Alexandru. 2002. “Glu and Laye in A Mdo: An Introduction to Contemporary Tibetan Folk Songs.” In A Mdo Tibetans in Transition: Society and Culture in the Post-Mao Era, edited by Toni Huber, 173–96. Leiden: Brill.
  • ______. 2006. “Teaching THDL Extended Wylie.” http://www.thlib.org/reference/transliteration/teachingewts.pdf.
  • Aris, Michael. 1987. “‘The Boneless Tongue’: Alternative Voices from Bhutan in the Context of Lamaist Societies.” Past and Present 115 (1): 131–64.
  • Avorgbedor, Daniel K. 1994. “Freedom to Sing, License to Insult: The Influence of Haló Performance on Social Violence among the Anlo Ewe.” Oral Tradition 9 (1): 83–112. http://journal.oraltradition.org/files/articles/9i/4_avorgbedor.pdf.
  • ______. 1999. “The Turner-Schechner Model of Performance as Social Drama: A Re-Examination in the Light of Anlo-Ewe Haló.” Research in African Literatures 30 (4): 144–55.
  • ______. 2001 “‘It’s a Great Song!’ Haló Performance as Literary Production.” Research in African Literatures 32 (2): 17–43.
  • Babcock-Abrahams, Barbara. 1975. “‘A Tolerated Margin of Mess’: The Trickster and His Tales Reconsidered.” Journal of the Folklore Institute 11 (2): 147–86.
  • Backhaus, Peter. 2007. Linguistic Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Urban Multilingualism in Tokyo. Multilingual Matters 136. Buffalo, NY: Multilingual Matters.
  • Bai, Geguntuul Hongye. 2020. “Fighting COVID-19 with Mongolian Fiddle Stories.” Multilingua 39 (5): 577–86.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail M. 1981. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin. Edited by Michael Holquist and Caryl Emerson. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Ballinger, Franchot. 2006. Living Sideways: Tricksters in American Oral Indian Traditions. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Bamo Qubumo. 2001. “Traditional Nuosu Origin Narratives: A Case of Ritualized Epos in Bimo Incantation Scriptures.” Oral Tradition 16 (2): 453–79. http://oraltradition.org.
  • ______. 2008. “Zai kou tou chuantong yu shu xie wenhua zhi jian de shishi yanshu ren—jiyu ge’an yanjiu de minzu zhi xiezuo 在口头传统与书写文化之间的史诗演述人——基于个案研究的民族之写作” (Epic performers between orality and literacy: A case study on ethnographic writings). Beijing Shifan Daxue xue bao (shehui kexue ban) (Journal of Beijing Normal University [social sciences edition]) 2008 (1): 74–84.
  • Bangsbo, Ellen. 2008. “Schooling for Knowledge and Cultural Survival: Tibetan Community Schools in Nomadic Herding Areas.” Educational Review 60 (1): 69–84.
  • Barandiaran, Asier. 2009. “The Creation of Basque Oral Poetry by Four American Bertsolaris.” Oral Tradition 24 (1): 161–204.
  • Barnett, Robbie. 2012. “Political Self-Immolation in Tibet: Causes and Influences.” Revue d’etudes tibétaines, no. 25 (December), 41–64.
  • Barthes, Roland. 1970. S/Z. Paris: Seuil.
  • ______. 1977. “The Death of Author.” In Image, Music, Text, translated by Stephen Heath, 142–48. New York: Hill and Wang.
  • Bass, Catriona. 1998. Education in Tibet, Policy and Practice Since 1950. London: Zed Books.
  • ______. 2008. “Tibetan Primary Curriculum and Its Role in Nation Building.” Educational Review 60 (1): 39–50.
  • Basso, Keith. 1979. Portraits of “the Whiteman”: Linguistic Play and Cultural Symbols among the Western Apache. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bauer, Ken. 2005. “Development and the Enclosure Movement in Pastoral Tibet since the 1980s.” Nomadic Peoples 9 (1–2): 53–81.
  • Bauman, Richard. 1977. Verbal Art as Performance. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
  • ______. 2004. A World of Others’ Words: Cross Cultural Perspectives on Intertextuality. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Ben-Amos, Dan. 1969. “Analytic Categories and Ethnic Genres.” Genre 2 (3): 275–301.
  • Bender, Mark. 2019. “Preface.” In The Nuosu “Book of Origins”: A Creation Epic from Southwest China, translated by Mark Bender and Aku Wuwu from a transcription by Jjivot Zopqu, x–xviii. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  • Bendi Tso. 2023. “Preface.” In Shépa: The Tibetan Oral Tradition in Choné, by Bendi Tso, Marnyi Gyatso, Naljor Tsering, and Mark Turin, 1–2. London: Open Book Publishers.
  • Benson, Sandra. n.d. Folktale Reader. Unpublished monograph.
  • Berglund, Jeff. “’I’m Just as Indian Standing before You with No Feathers Popping out of My Head’: Critiquing Indigenous Performativitiy in the YouTube Performances of The 1491s.” AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 12 (5): 541–57.
  • Berry, Chris. 2016. “Pema Tseden and the Tibetan Road Movie: Space and Identity beyond the ‘Minority Nationality Film.’” Journal of Chinese Cinemas 10 (2): 89–105.
  • Beyer, Stephen V. 1992. The Classical Tibetan Language. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Billé, Frank. 2010. “Sounds and Scripts of Modernity: Language Ideologies and Practices in Contemporary Mongolia.” Inner Asia 12 (2): 231–52.
  • ______. 2015. Sinophobia: Anxiety, Violence, and the Making of Mongolian Identity. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press.
  • Blo brtan rdo rje and Charles Kevin Stuart. 2008. Life and Marriage in Skya rgya, a Tibetan Village. New York: YBK Books.
  • Blo brtan rdo rje, Charles Kevin Stuart, and Gerald Roche. 2009. “Amdo Tibetan Tongue Twisters.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 1:7–51.
  • Blommaert, Jan. 2007. “Sociolinguistic Scales.” Intercultural Pragmatics 4 (1): 1–19.
  • Børdahl, Vibeke. 2003. “The Storyteller’s Manner in Chinese Storytelling.” Asian Folklore Studies 62 (1): 1–48.
  • Brag dgon pa dkon mchog bstan pa rab rgyas བྲག་དགོན་པ་དཀོན་མཆོག་བསྟན་པ་རབ་རྒྱས།. 1987. Mdo smad Chos ’byung མདོ་སྨད་ཆོས་འབྱུང་། (The political and religious history of Amdo). Ziling: Mtsho sngon mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • Briggs, Charles. 1988. Competence in Performance: The Creativity of Tradition in Mexicano Verbal Art. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Briggs, Charles, and Richard Bauman. 1992. “Genre, Intertextuality, and Social Power.” Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 2 (2): 131–72.
  • Brodie, Ian. 2014. The Vulgar Art: A New Approach to Stand-Up Comedy. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press.
  • Bronner, Simon. 1978. “A Re-Examination of Dozens among White American Adolescents.” Western Folklore 37 (2): 118–28.
  • Brown, Melissa Shani, and David O’Brien. 2020. “Defining the Right Path: Aligning Islam with Chinese Socialist Core Values at Ningbo’s Moon Lake Mosque.” Asian Ethnicity 21 (2): 269–91.
  • ’Brug mo skyid, Charles Kevin Stuart, Alexandru Anton-Luca, and Steve Frediani. 2011. “Stag rig Tibetan Village: Hair Changing and Marriage.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 6:151–217.
  • Bruner, M. Lane. 2005. “Carnivalesque Protest and the Humorless State.” Text and Performance Quarterly 25 (2): 136–55.
  • Bulag, Uradyn E. 2000. “Alter/native Mongolian Identity: From Nationality to Ethnic Group.” In Chinese Society: Change Conflict and Resistance, edited by Elizabeth J. Perry and Mark Selden, 261–87. New York: Routledge.
  • ______. 2003. “Mongolian Ethnicity and Linguistic Anxiety in China.” American Anthropologist 105 (4): 753–63.
  • Burke, Kenneth. 1973. “Literature as Equipment for Living.” In The Philosophy of Literary Form, edited by Kenneth Burke, 293–304. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Calkowski, Marcia S. 1991. “A Day at the Tibetan Opera: Actualized Performance and Spectacular Discourse.” American Ethnologist 18 (4): 643–57.
  • Caple, Jane. 2019. Morality and Monastic Revival in Post-Mao Tibet. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press.
  • Cashman, Ray. 2007. “Genre and Ideology in Northern Ireland.” Midwestern Folklore 33:3–27.
  • ______. 2008. Storytelling on the Northern Irish Border: Characters and Community. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • ______. 2016. “Genre as Ideology-Shaping Form: Storytelling and Parading in Northern Ireland.” In Genre – Text – Interpretation: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Folklore and Beyond, edited by Kaarina Koski and Frog with Ulla Savolainen, 387–402. Helsinki: Finnish Folklore Society.
  • Cai, Shenshen. 2016. “A Culture Hero: Xiangsheng (Crosstalk) Performer Guo Degang.” Asian Theatre Journal 33 (1): 82–103.
  • Cai, Shenshen, and Emily Dunn. 2020. Xiangsheng and the Emergence of Guo Degang in Contemporary China. Singapore: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Chen, Ping. 2004. Modern Chinese: History and Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Chos bstan rgyal. 2014. “Following the Herds: Rhythms of Tibetan Pastoral Life in A mdo.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 32:1–212.
  • Clarke, G. E. 1990. “Ideas of Merit (Bsod-nams) Virtue (Dge-ba), Blessing (Byin-rlabs) and Material Prosperity (Rten-’brel) in Highland Nepal.” Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 21 (2): 165–84.
  • Clothey, Rebecca, and Elena McKinlay. 2012. “A Space for the Possible: Globalization and English Language Learning of Tibetan Students in China.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 21:7–32.
  • Cooke, Susette. 2008a. “Becoming and Unbecoming Tu: Nation, Nationality and Exilic Agency in the People’s Republic of China.” Critical Studies 30 (1): 33–56.
  • ______. 2008b. “Surviving State and Society in Northwest China: The Hui Experience in Qinghai Province under the PRC.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 28 (3): 401–20.
  • Cru, Josep. 2018. “Micro-level Language Planning and YouTube Comments: Destigmatizing Indigenous Languages through Rap Music.” Current Issues in Language Planning 19 (4): 434–52.
  • Cüppers, Christoph, and Per K. Sørensen. 1998. A Collection of Tibetan Proverbs and Sayings: Gems of Tibetan Wisdom and Wit. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Da Col, Giovanni. 2007. “The View from Somewhen: Events, Bodies, and the Perspective of Fortune around Khawa Karpo, a Tibetan Sacred Mountain in Yunnan Province.” Inner Asia 9 (2): 215–35.
  • Dag yig ’di’i rtsom sgring tshan chung དག་ཡིག་འདིའི་རྩོམ་སྒྲིང་ཚན་ཆུང་།. 1979. Dag yig gsar bgrigs དག་ཡིག་གསར་བསྒྲིགས། (The new Dagyig dictionary). Ziling: Mtsho sngon mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • Dak Lhagyal. 2019. “‘Linguistic Authority’ in State-Society Interaction: Cultural Politics of Tibetan Education in China.” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2019.1648239.
  • Davies, Christie. 2007. “Humour and Protest: Jokes under Communism.” International Review of Social History 52 (Suppl. 15): 291–305.
  • Davis, Sara L. M. 1999. “Singers of Sipsongbanna: Folklore and Authenticity in Contemporary China.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
  • ______. 2005. Song and Silence: Ethnic Revival on China’s Southwest Borders. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • de Heering, Xenia. 2014. “Trouver les mots justes: Échos d’un témoignage écrit sur les années 1950 en Amdo (Tibet).” Cahiers de littérature orale, no. 75–76.
  • DeFrancis, John. 1984. The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press.
  • Dégh, Linda. 2001. Legend and Belief: Dialectics of a Folklore Genre. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Denton, Kirk A. 2003. “Literature and Politics: Mao Zedong’s Talks at the Yan’an Forum on Art and Literature.” In The Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literature, edited by Joshua S. Mostow, 463–69. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Dge ’dun chos ’phel དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ།. (1926) 2017. Bla brang la bskur ba’i ka rtsom བླ་བྲང་ལ་བསྐུར་བའི་ཀ་རྩོམ། (Katsom to Labrang). http://tb.tibet.cn/tb/literature/sg/201801/t20180104_5319298.html.
  • Diemberger, Hildegard. 2007. “Festivals and Their Leaders: The Management of Tradition in the Mongolian/Tibetan Borderlands.” In The Mongolia-Tibet Interface: Opening New Research Terrains in Inner Asia, edited by Uradyn E. Bulag and Hildegard Diemberger, 109–34. Leiden: Brill.
  • Dkon mchog dge legs. 2012. “China’s Pastoral Development Policies and Tibetan Plateau Nomad Communities.” In Dbang ’dus sgrol ma, Dkon mchog dge legs, Mgon po tshe ring, and Dpal ldan chos dbyings (CK Stuart and G. Roche, eds.), “Environmental Issues Facing Tibetan Pastoral Communities.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 18:37–72.
  • Dkon mchog dge legs, Dpal ldan bkra shis, and Kevin Stuart. 1999. “Tibetan Tricksters.” Asian Folklore Studies 58 (1): 5–30.
  • Don grub rgyal དོན་གྲུབ་རྒྱལ།. (1980) 1997. “Bod yig slob pa བོད་ཡིག་སློབ་པ།” (Studying Tibetan). In Dpal Don grub rgyal gyi gsung ’bum དཔལ་དོན་གྲུབ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་གསུང་འབུམ། (The collected works of Don grub rgyal), 6:43–55. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • ______. 1982. “Sad kyis bcom pa’i me tog སད་ཀྱིས་བཅོམ་པའི་མེ་ཏོག” (A blighted flower, part 1). Sbrang char སྦྲང་ཆར། (Light rain), no. 4, 6–28.
  • ______. 1983. “Sad kyis bcom pa’i me tog” (A blighted flower, part 2). Sbrang char (Light rain), no. 1, 8–29, 47.
  • ______. (1984) 1997. “Rkang lam phra mo རྐང་ལམ་ཕྲ་མོ།” (The narrow footpath). In Dpal Don grub rgyal gyi gsung ’bum (The collected works of Don grub rgyal), 6:1–7. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • ______. 1997. “Sprul Sku སྤྲུལ་སྐུ།” (The tulku). In Dpal Don grub rgyal gyi gsung ’bum (The collected works of Don grub rgyal), 2:119–55. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • Dong, Jie. 2009. “‘Isn’t It Enough to Be a Chinese Speaker’: Language Ideology and Migrant Identity Construction in a Public Primary School in Beijing.” Language and Communication 29 (2): 115–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2009.01.002.
  • Donyol Dondrup and Charlene Makley. 2018. “‘The Body Hair That Grows on the Head’: Menla Kyap’s ‘Views on Hair and Hairstyles’ (2009).” Ateliers d’Anthropologie 45:1–17.
  • Dor zhi Gdong drug snyem blo དོར་ཞི་གདོང་དྲུག་སྙེམ་བློ།. 1997. “Rjes dran gyi gtam pad dkar chun po རྗེས་དྲན་གྱི་གཏམ་པད་དཀར་ཆུན་པོ།” (A white lotus wreath of recollections). In Dpal don grub rgyal gyi gsung ’bum དཔལ་དོན་གྲུབ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་གསུང་འབུམ། 3, edited by Phur kho, Mgon po Dar rgyas, et al. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • Dpal ldan Bkra shis. 2016. “Amdo Tibetan Language: An Introduction to Normative Amdo Tibetan.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 43.
  • Dreyfus, Georges B. 2008. “What Is Debate For? The Rationality of Tibetan Debates and the Role of Humor.” Argumentation 22 (1): 43–58.
  • Du, Fachun. 2012. “Ecological Resettlement of Tibetan Herders in Sanjiangyuan: A Case Study of Madoi County in Qinghai.” Nomadic Peoples 16 (1): 116–33.
  • Du, Wenwei. 1998. “Xiaopin: Chinese Theatrical Skits as Both Creatures and Critics of Commercialism.” China Quarterly 154 (June): 382–99.
  • Duara, Prasenjit. 1995. Rescuing History from the Nation: Questioning Narratives of Modern China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Dundes, Alan. 1971. “Laughter behind the Iron Curtain: A Sample of Romanian Political Jokes.” Ukrainian Quarterly 27 (1): 50–59.
  • Duranti, Alessandro. 1986. “The Audience as Co-Author: An Introduction.” Text 6 (3): 239–47.
  • Dwyer, Arienne M. 2007. “Syncretism in Salar Love Songs.” In Cultural Changes in the Turkic World, edited by Filiz Kiral, Barbara Pusch, Claus Schönig, and Arus Yumrul, 147–60. Würzberg: Ergon.
  • ______. 2013. “Tibetan as a Dominant Sprachbund Language: Its Interactions with Neighboring Languages.” In The Third International Conference on Tibetan Language, vol. 1, edited by Gray Tuttle, Karma Dare, and Jonathan Wilber, 259–302. New York: Trace Foundation.
  • Egaña, Andoni. 2007. “The Process of Creating Improvised Bertsos.” Oral Tradition 22 (2): 117–42.
  • Ekvall, Robert B. 1964a. “Peace and War among the Tibetan Nomads.” American Anthropologist 66 (5): 1119–48.
  • ______. 1964b. Religious Observances in Tibet: Patterns and Function. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Falassi, Aldessandro, ed. 1987. Time out of Time: Essays on the Festival. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  • Fischer, Andrew Martin. 2008. “‘Population Invasions’ versus Urban Exclusion in the Tibetan Areas of Western China.” Population and Development Review 34 (4): 631–62.
  • ______. 2009. “Educating for Exclusion in Western China: Structural and Institutional Dimensions of Conflict in the Tibetan Areas of Qinghai and Tibet.” CRISE Working Paper No. 69.
  • ______. 2013. The Disempowered Development of Tibet in China: A Study in the Economics of Marginalization. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
  • Foley, John Miles. 1995. The Singer of Tales in Performance. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Frangville, Vanessa. 2016. “Pema Tseden’s The Search: the Making of a Minor Cinema.” Journal of Chinese Cinemas 10 (2): 106–19.
  • Gaerrang, Kabzung. 2017. “Tibetan Buddhism, Wetland Transformation, and Environmentalism in Tibetan Pastoral Areas of Western China.” Conservation and Society 15 (1): 14–23.
  • Gao, Jia, and Peter C. Pugsley. 2008. “Utilizing Satire in Post-Deng Chinese Politics: Zhao Benshan Xiaopin vs. the Falun Gong.” China Information 22 (3): 451–76.
  • Gates, Henry Louis. 1983. “The ‘Blackness of Blackness’: A Critique of the Sign and the Signifying Monkey.” Critical Inquiry 9 (4): 685–723.
  • Gayley, Antonia Hollis. 2016. “Controversy over Buddhist Ethical Reform: A Secular Critique of Clerical Authority in the Tibetan Blogosphere.” Himalaya: The Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies 36 (1): 9.
  • Gcod pa don grub གཅོད་པ་དོན་གྲུབ། and Chab ’gag rta mgrin ཆབ་འགག་རྟ་མགྲིན།, eds. 2000. “Hor gling g.yul ’gyed stod cha ཧོར་གླིང་གཡུལ་འགྱེད་སྟོད་ཆ།” (The war of Hor and Gling, vol. 1). In Gling sgrung gces btus གླིང་སྒྲུང་གཅེས་བཏུས། (Selections of the myth of Gling). Pecin [Beijing]: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • Gdugs dkar tshe ring གདུགས་དཀར་ཚེ་རིང་།. 2007. Bod rig pa’i dpyad ’bras thor bu བོད་རིག་པའི་དཔྱད་འབྲས་ཐོར་བུ། (Some findings of Tibetology). Pe cin [Beijing]: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • Gershon, Ilana. 2010. “Media Ideologies: An Introduction.” Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 20 (2): 283–93.
  • Gladney, Dru C. 1987a. “Muslim Tombs and Ethnic Folklore: Charters for Hui Identity.” Journal of Asian Studies 46 (3): 495–532.
  • ______. 1987b. “Qing Zhen: A Study of Ethnoreligious Identity among Hui Muslim Communities in China.” PhD dissertation, University of Washington.
  • ______. 1994. “Representing Nationality in China: Refiguring Majority/Minority Identities.” Journal of Asian Studies 53 (1): 93–123.
  • ______. 1996. “Relational Alterity: Constructing Dungan (Hui), Uyghur, and Kazakh Identities across China, Central Asia, and Turkey.” History and Anthropology 9 (2): 445–77.
  • ______. 2004. Dislocating China: Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Goffman, Erving. 1981. Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Goldstein, Melvyn C. 1982. “Lhasa Street Songs: Political and Social Satire in Traditional Tibet.” Tibet Journal 7 (1): 56–66.
  • ______. 1998. “Introduction.” In Buddhism in Contemporary Tibet: Religious Revival and Cultural Identity, edited by Melvyn C. Goldstein and Matthew T. Kapstein, 1–14. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • ______, ed. 2001. The New Tibetan-English Dictionary of Modern Tibetan. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Goldstein, Melvyn C., and Cynthia M. Beall. 1989. “The Impact of China’s Reform Policy on the Nomads of Western Tibet.” Asian Survey 29 (6): 619–41.
  • Goodman, David S. G. 2004a. “The Campaign to ‘Open Up the West’: National, Provincial-Level and Local Perspectives.” China Quarterly 178 (June): 317–34.
  • ______. 2004b. “Qinghai and the Emergence of the West: Nationalities, Communal Interaction and National Integration.” China Quarterly 178 (June): 379–99.
  • ______. 2008. “Exile as Nationality: The Salar of Northwest China.” Critical Studies 30 (1): 57–79.
  • Gorter, Durk, ed. 2006. Linguistic Landscape: A New Approach to Multilingualism. Buffalo, NY: Multilingual Matters.
  • Grewal, Anup. 2016. “Contested Tibetan Landscapes in the Film of Pema Tseden.” Journal of Chinese Cinemas 10 (2): 135–49.
  • Griswold, Wendy. 2000. Bearing Witness: Readers, Writers, and the Novel in Nigeria. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Gunn, Edward. 2005. Rendering the Regional: Local Language in Contemporary Chinese Media. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press.
  • Guo, Yingjie. 2004. Cultural Nationalism in Contemporary China: The Search for National Identity under Reform. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
  • Gyatso, Janet. 2011. “Introduction: Moments of Tibetan Modernity: Methods and Assumptions.” In Mapping the Modern in Tibet, edited by Gray Tuttle, 1–44. Andiast, Switzerland: International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies.
  • Hanks, William F. 1987. “Discourse Genres in a Theory of Practice.” American Ethnologist 14 (4): 668–92.
  • Hansen, Mette Halskov. 1999. Lessons in Being Chinese: Minority Education and Ethnic Identity in Southwest China. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  • Harrell, Stevan. 1996. “The Nationalities Question and the Prmi Prblem.” In Negotiating Ethnicities in China and Taiwan, edited by Melissa J. Brown, 274–96. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley.
  • ______. 2001. Ways of Being Ethnic in Southwest China. Studies on Ethnic Groups in China. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  • Harris, Claire. 1999. In the Image of Tibet: Tibetan Painting after 1959. London: Reaktion.
  • Harris-Lopez, Trudier. 2003. “Genre.” In Eight Words for the Study of Expressive Culture, edited by Burt Feintuch, 99–120. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Hartley, Lauran. 1999. “Themes of Tradition and Change in Modern Tibetan Literature.” Lungta 12 (Summer): 29–44.
  • ______. 2002. “‘Inventing Modernity’ in A Mdo: Views on the Role of Traditional Culture in a Developing Society.” In Amdo Tibetans in Transition: Social Change in the Post-Mao Era, edited by Toni Huber, 1–25. Leiden: Brill.
  • ______. 2003. “Contextually Speaking: Tibetan Literary Discourse and Social Change in the People’s Republic of China (1980–2000).” PhD dissertation, Indiana University.
  • ______. 2005. “Tibetan Publishing in the Early Post-Mao Period.” Cahiers d’Extreme-Asie 15:231–52.
  • ______. 2007. “Ascendancy of the Term Rtsom-rig in Tibetan Literary Discourse.” In Contemporary Tibetan Literary Studies, edited by Steven J. Venturino, 7–22. Leiden: Brill.
  • Hartley, Lauran R., and Patricia Schiaffini-Vedani, eds. 2008. Modern Tibetan Literature and Social Change. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Hayes, Jack Patrick. 2014. A Change in Worlds on the Sino-Tibetan Borderlands: Politics, Economies, and Environments in Northern Sichuan. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
  • He, Chengzhou. 2008. “Women and the Search for Modernity: Rethinking Modern Chinese Drama.” Modern Language Quarterly 69 (1): 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1215/00267929-2007-024.
  • Hearne, Joanne. “Indigenous Animation: Educational Programming, Narrative Interventions, and Children’s Cultures.” In Global Indigenous Media: Cultures, Poetics, and Politics, edited by Pamela Wilson and Michelle Stewart, 89–108. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Heinrich, Patrick. 2012. The Making of Monolingual Japan: Language Ideology and Japanese Modernity. Buffalo, NY: Multilingual Matters.
  • Henrion-Dourcy, Isabelle. 2017a. “The Art of the Tibetan Actor: A lce lha mo in the Gaze of Western Performance Theories.” Revue d’etudes tibétaines, no. 40 (July), 179–215.
  • ______. 2017b. “Studying the Tibetan Performing Arts: A Bibliographic Introduction (1986–2017).” Revue d’etudes tibétaines, no. 40 (July), 5–54.
  • High Peaks Pure Earth. 2020. “‘City Tibetan Is Hip-hop and Also an Attitude”—An Interview with Rapper Uncle Buddhist.” May 20, 2020. https://highpeakspureearth.com/city-tibetan-is-hip-hop-and-also-an-attitude-an-interview-with-rapper-uncle-buddhist.
  • Hill, Jane, and Kenneth C. Hill. 1980. “Mixed Grammar, Purist Grammar, and Language Attitudes in Modern Nahuatl.” Language in Society 9 (3): 321–48.
  • Hillman, Ben. 2004. “The Rise of the Community in Rural China: Village Politics, Cultural Identity and Religious Revival in a Hui Hamlet.” China Journal 51 (January): 53–73.
  • Hofer, Theresia. 2017. “Is Lhasa Tibetan Sign Language Emerging, Endangered, or Both?” International Journal of the Sociology of Language, no. 245, 113–45.
  • Horlemann, Bianca. 2002. “Modernization Efforts in Mgo log: A Chronicle, 1970–2002.” In Amdo Tibetans in Transition: Society and Culture in the Post-Mao Era, edited by Toni Huber, 141–70. Leiden: Brill.
  • Hortsang Jigmé. 2008. “Tibetan Literature in the Diaspora.” In Modern Tibetan Literature and Social Change, edited by Lauran R. Hartley and Patricia Schiaffini-Vedani, 281–300. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Hou, Baolin 侯宝林, ed. 1980. Hou Baolin xiangsheng xuan 侯宝林相声选 (Hou Baolin’s selected crosstalks). Beijing: Renmin Wenxue Chubanshe.
  • Hou, Baolin 侯宝林, and Baokun Xue薛宝琨, eds. 1981. Xiangsheng yishu lun 相声艺术论 (On the art of crosstalk). Harbin: Heilong Jiang Renmin Chubanshe.
  • Hou, Baolin 侯宝林, Baokun Xue薛宝琨, Jingshou Wang汪景寿, and Wangpeng Li李万鹏, eds. 2011. Xiangsheng suyuan 相声溯源 (Tracing the sources of crosstalk). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
  • Hu Jun. 2016. “Wang Min, Zhuoma Yongcuo zhapianzui yishen xingshi juepan shu 王敏卓玛用错诈骗罪一审刑事绝判书” (Judgment in the first fraud trial of Wang Min and Zhuoma Yongcuo). Zhonggguo caipan wenshu wang 中国裁判文书网 (Chinese judgment documents web), http://wenshu.court.gov.cn/content/content?DocID=feebec25-dfae-4d6c-b93f-b6aa9f8ed159&KeyWord=&from=timeline&isappinstalled=0, accessed DATE (link no longer active).
  • Hu, Shih. 2013. “The Greatest Event in Life: A Farce in One Act.” In English Writings of Hu Shih: Literature and Society, edited by Chi-p’ing Chou, 1:33–37. China Academic Library. Berlin: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Publishing.
  • Huber, Toni. 2002. “Introduction: A Mdo and Its Modern Transition.” In Amdo Tibetans in Transition: Social Change in the Post-Mao Era, edited by Toni Huber, xi–xxiii. Leiden: Brill.
  • Hyde, Lewis. 1998. Trickster Makes This World: Mischief Myth, and Art. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
  • Inoue, Miyako. 2006. Vicarious Language: Gender and Linguistic Modernity in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Janhunen, Juha. 2004. “On the Hierarchy of Structural Convergence in the Amdo Sprachbund.” In The Typology of Argument Structure and Grammatical Relations, edited by Bernard Comrie, Pirkko Suihkonen, and Valery Solovyev, 72–74. Helsinki: John Benjamins.
  • ______. 2005. “The Role of the Turkic Languages in the Amdo Sprachbund.” In Turks and Non-Turks: Studies on the History of Linguistic and Cultural Contacts, edited by Marzanna Pomorska and Ewa Siemieniec-Gołaś. Studia Turcologica Cracoviensia 10, 113–22.
  • Ji, Xiaochun 纪小春. 2013. “Qinghai Zangyuwen chuanmei de xianzhuang ji fazhan 青海藏语文传媒的现状及发展” (The present condition and development of Tibetan media in Qinghai). Qinghai shifan daxue minzu shifan xueyuan xuebao 青海师范大学民族师范学院学报 (Journal of the Nationalities Teachers College of Qinghai Normal University) 24 (2): 46–50.
  • Jung, Carl G. 1968. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. 2nd ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Kaikkonen, Marja. 1990. “Laughable Propaganda: Modern Xiangsheng as Didactic Entertainment.” PhD dissertation, Stockholm University.
  • Kapstein, Matthew. 2002. “The Tulku’s Miserable Lot: Critical Voices from Eastern Tibet.” In Amdo Tibetans in Transition: Social Change in the Post-Mao Era, edited by Toni Huber, 99–111. Leiden: Brill.
  • Khashem Gyal, dir. 2012. Dpa’ bo’i lung pa དཔའ་བོའི་ལུང་པ། (The valley of heroes).
  • Kitta, Andrea. 2019. The Kiss of Death: Contamination, Contagion, and Folklore. Logan: Utah State University Press.
  • Kolås, Åshild. 1996. “Tibetan Nationalism: The Politics of Religion.” Journal of Peace Research 33 (1): 51–66.
  • Kolås, Åshild, and Monika P. Thowsen. 2005. On the Margins of Tibet: Cultural Survival on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  • Kondro Tsering. 2012. “A Zorgay Tibetan Childhood/Min tibetanska barndom i Zorgay.” Translated by Katrin Goldstein-Kyaga. Asian Highlands Perspectives 17 (1): 1–238.
  • Kongerslev, Marianne. 2020. “Enduring Laughter: Introduction to the Special Issue on Native and Indigenous Humor.” Studies in American Humor 6 (2): 254–64.
  • Kroskrity, Paul V. 2000. Regimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities, and Identities. School of American Research Advanced Seminar Series. Santa Fe, NM: SAR Press.
  • Kunsang, Erik Pema, ed. 2003. The Rangjung Yeshe Tibetan-English Dictionary of Buddhist Culture, version 3. Boudhanath, Nepal: Rangjung Yeshe Publications.
  • Kuo, Kaiser. 2017. “Spurning China and Courting Russia: Trump’s Dangerous Game.” The China Project, January 5, 2017. https://thechinaproject.com/2017/01/05/spurning-china-courting-russia-trumps-dangerous-game-2.
  • Lama Jabb. 2011. “Singing the Nation: Modern Tibetan Music and National Identity.” Revue d’etudes tibétains, no. 21 (October), 1–29.
  • ______. 2015. Oral and Literary Continuities in Tibetan: The Inescapable Nation. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
  • ______. 2020. “The Wandering Voice of Tibet: Life and Songs of Dubhe.” Life Writing 17 (3): 387–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/14484528.2019.1680247.
  • Lamotte, Martin. 2014. “Rebels without a Pause: Hip-Hop and Resistance in the City.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 38 (2): 686–94.
  • Landry, Rodrigue, and Richard Y. Bourhis. 1997. “Linguistic Landscape and Ethnolinguistic Vitality: An Empirical Study.” Journal of Language and Social Psychology 16 (1): 23–49.
  • Lee, Haiyan. 2005. “Tears That Crumbled the Great Wall: The Archaeology of Feeling in the May Fourth Folklore Movement.” Journal of Asian Studies 64 (1): 35–65.
  • Lee, Leo Ou-Fan. 2001. “Incomplete Modernity: Rethinking the May Fourth Intellectual Project.” In The Appropriation of Cultural Capital: China’s May Fourth Project, edited by Milena Dolezelová-Velingerová and Oldrich Král, 31–65. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Leibold, James. 2007. Reconfiguring Chinese Nationalism: How the Qing Frontier and Its Indigenes Became Chinese. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Levin, Harry. 1987. Playboys and Killjoys: An Essay on the Theory and Practice of Comedy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Lha sde nyi ma tshe ring ལྷ་སྡེ་ཉི་མ་ཚེ་རིང་།. 2013. A mdo’i dmangs khrod btags pa phyogs bsgrigs ཨ་མདོའི་དམངས་ཁྲོད་བཏགས་པ་ཕྱོགས་བསྒྲིགས། (Collected Amdo folk btags pa). Lan gru [Lanzhou]: Kan su’u mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • Lhamo Pemba, comp. 1996. Tibetan Proverbs. Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives.
  • Li, Cheng. 2015. “Xi Jinping’s Inner Circle (Part 4: The Mishu Cluster I).” China Leadership Monitor, no. 46 (March), 1–14.
  • Li, Chris Wen-Chao. 2004. “Conflicting Notions of Language Purity: The Interplay of Archaising, Ethographic, Reformist, Elitist and Xenophobic Purism in the Perception of Standard Chinese.” Language and Communication 24 (2): 97–133.
  • Li, Jianglin. 2016. Tibet in Agony: Lhasa 1959. Translated by Susan Wilf. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Limusishiden. 2011. “Muulsan Mongghul.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 10:339–40.
  • Limusishiden and Jugui. 2010. “Ghalmadi Sgil Da Alog Xosuu: Ghuaisangni Durina Rogshdigu Mongghulni Adal” (Passions and colored sleeves: Mongghul lives in eastern Tibet].” Edited by CK Stuart, Gerald Roche, and Ramona Johnson. Asian Highlands Perspectives 7:1–322.
  • Limusishiden and Gerald Roche. 2017. Long Narrative Songs from the Mongghul in Northeast Tibet: Texts in Mongghul, Chinese, and English. London: Open Book Publishers.
  • Limusishiden and Charles Kevin Stuart. 2010. “Mongghulni Jilaguni Da Adal (Mongghul Memories and Lives).” Asian Highlands Perspectives 8:1–119.
  • Limusishiden, and Kevin Stuart. 1995. “Larinbuda and Jiminsu: A Monguor Tragedy.” Asian Theatre Journal 12 (2): 221–63.
  • Link, Perry. 1984. “The Genie and the Lamp: Revolutionary Xiangsheng.” In Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People’s Republic of China, 1949–1979, 83–111. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • ______. 2010. “The Crocodile Bird: Xiangsheng in the Early 1950s.” In Dilemmas of Victory: The Early Years of the People’s Republic of China, edited by Jeremy Brown and Paul Pickowicz, 207–31. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Litzinger, Ralph. 2000. Other Chinas: The Yao and the Politics of National Belonging. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Liu, Fei-wen. 2010. “Narrative, Genre, and Contextuality: The Nüshu-Transcribed Liang-Zhu Ballad in Rural South China.” Asian Ethnology 69 (2): 241–64.
  • Liu, Hongtao, and Jiening Ruan. 2012. “Foreign Literature Education in China’s Secondary Schools from 1919 to 1949.” In Perspectives on Teaching and Learning Chinese Literacy in China, edited by Cynthia B. Leung and Jiening Ruan, 35–48. New York: Springer.
  • Liu, Jin. 2008. “Signifying the Local: Media Productions Rendered in Local Languages in Mainland China since 2000.” PhD dissertation, Cornell University.
  • ______. 2014. “Alternative Voice and Local Youth Identity in Chinese Local-Language Rap Music.” Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 22 (1): 263–92.
  • Lobsang Yongdan. 2011. “Tibet Charts the World: The Btsan po No mon han’s Detailed Description of the World, an Early Major Scientific Work.” In Mapping the Modern in Tibet, edited by Gray Tuttle, 73–134. Andiast, Switzerland: International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies.
  • Löhrer, Klaus. 2012–13. “The Quest for Aku Dönpa: The Master-Trickster from Tibet’s Lhasa Region.” Unpublished draft, IATS conference, https://www.academia.edu/37464978/The_Quest_for_Aku_D%C3%B6npa_The_Master_trickster_from_Tibets_Lhasa_Region_IATS_version.
  • Lopez Jr., Donald S. 2006. The Madman’s Middle Way: Reflections on Reality of the Tibetan Monk Gendun Chopel. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Ma, Jianzhong, and Kevin Stuart. 1996. “‘Stone Camels and Clear Springs’: The Salar’s Samarkand Origins.” Asian Folklore Studies 55 (2): 287–98.
  • Ma, Quanlin, Wanxiang Ma, and Zhicheng Ma. 1993. “Salar Language Materials.” Edited by Kevin Stuart. Sino-Platonic Papers, no. 43 (December), 1–72.
  • Ma Yide. 2015. “The Role of Consultative Democracy in a Constitutional System and the Rule of Law in China.” Social Sciences in China 36 (4): 5–23.
  • Makley, Charlene. 1998. “The Power of the Drunk: Humor and Resistance in China’s Tibet.” Linguistic Form and Social Action 13 (1): 39–79.
  • ______. 2007. The Violence of Liberation: Gender and Tibetan Buddhist Revival in Post-Mao China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • ______. 2013a. “The Politics of Presence: Voice, Deity Possession, and Dilemmas of Development among Tibetans in the People’s Republic of China.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 55 (3): 666–700. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417513000285.
  • ______. 2013b. “Reb Kong’s Klu Rol and the Politics of Presence: Methodological Considerations.” In Monastic and Lay Traditions in North-Eastern Tibet, edited by Yangdon Dhondup, Ulrich Pagel, and Geoffrey Samuel, 187–202. Leiden: Brill.
  • ______. 2018. The Battle for Fortune: State-Led Development, Personhood, and Power Among Tibetans in China. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Makley, Charlene, Keith Dede, Hua Kan, and Qingshan Wang. 1999. “The Amdo Dialect of Labrang.” Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 22 (1): 97–100.
  • Mao Zedong 毛泽东. (1953) 1967. Mao Zedong xuanji 毛泽东选集 (Selected works of Mao Zedong), vol. 3. Shanghai: Renmin Chubanshe.
  • McDougall, Bonnie S. 1980. Mao Zedong’s “Talks at the Yan’an Conference on Literature and Art”: A Translation of the 1943 Text with Commentary. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan.
  • Miller, Jeffrey S. 2000. The Horror Spoofs of Abbot and Costello. London: McFarland and Company.
  • Milroy, James. 2001. “Language Ideologies and the Consequences of Standardization.” Journal of Sociolinguistics 5 (4): 530–55.
  • Mog chung phur kho མོག་ཆུང་ཕུར་ཁོ།. 2010. Pha mas bdag la ’di skad gsungs: A mdo’i mkhas dbang dang a mdo’i phal skad ཕ་མས་བདག་ལ་འདི་སྐད་གསུངས། ཨ་མདོའི་མཁས་དབང་དང་ཨ་མདོའི་ཕལ་སྐད། (My parents spoke this language to me: Amdo’s intellectuals and Amdo dialect). Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • ______. 2013. “Bod kyi kha shags kyi phyi mo—phal skad brtsams chos ‘Ja mchod’ la rob tsam dpyad pa བོད་ཀྱི་ཁ་ཤགས་ཀྱི་ཕྱི་མོ—ཕལ་སྐད་བརྩམས་ཆོས་ཇ་མཆོད་ལ་རོབ་ཙམ་དཔྱད་པ།” (The first Tibetan comedic dialogue—A brief examination of the vernacular work The Tea Libation). In Kha shags thos pa dga’ skyed ཁ་ཤགས་ཐོས་པ་དགའ་སྐྱེད། (Comedic dialogues produce joyful learning), edited by Mang tshogs sgyu rtsal rtsom sgrig khang, 186–222. Ziling: Mtsho sngon mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • Morcom, Anna. 2008. “Getting Heard in Tibet: Music, Media, and Markets.” Consumption Markets and Culture 11 (4): 259–85.
  • ______. 2018. “The Political Potency of Tibetan Identity in Pop Music and Dungle.” Himalaya: The Journal of Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies 38 (1): 127–44.
  • Moriarty, Máiréad, and Sari Pietikäinen. 2011. “Micro-Level Language Planning and Grass-Root Initiatives: A Case Study of Irish Language Comedy and Inari Sámi Rap.” Current Issues in Language Planning 12 (3): 363–79.
  • Morson, Gary Saul, and Caryl Emerson. Mikhail Bakhtin: Creation of a Prosaics. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990.
  • Moser, David. 1990. “Reflexivity in the Humor of Xiangsheng.” Chinoperl Papers 15 (1): 45–68.
  • ______. 2016. A Billion Voices: China’s Search for a Common Language. Scorsby, Victoria, Australia: Penguin Books.
  • ______. 2018. “Keeping the Ci in Fengci: A Brief History of the Chinese Verbal Art of Xiangsheng.” In Not Just a Laughing Matter, The Humanities in Asia, vol. 5, edited by King-fai Tam and Sharon R. Wesoky. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4960-6_5.
  • Mu, Aili. 2004. “Two of Zhao Benshan’s Comic Skits: Their Critical Implications in Contemporary China.” Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 30 (2): 3–34.
  • Mullaney, Thomas S. 2004. “Introduction: 55 + 1 = 1 or the Strange Calculus of Chinese Nationhood.” China Information 18 (2): 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203X04044684.
  • ______. 2010. “Seeing for the State: The Role of Social Scientists in China’s Ethnic Classification Project.” Asian Ethnicity 11 (3): 325–42.
  • Mullen, Patrick B. 1978. I Heard the Old Fishermen Say: Folklore of the Texas Gulf Coast. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Norrick, Neal R. 2000. Conversational Narrative: Storytelling in Everyday Talk. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Noyes, Dorothy. 2009. “Tradition: Three Traditions.” Journal of Folklore Research 46 (3): 233–68.
  • Ó Giolláin, Diarmuid. 2005. Locating Irish Folklore: Tradition, Modernity, Identity. Cork, Ireland: Cork University Press.
  • Oring, Elliot. 1992. Jokes and Their Relations. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
  • ______. 2004. “Risky Business: Political Jokes under Repressive Regimes.” Western Folklore 63 (3): 209–36.
  • Orofino, Giacomella. 2011. “The Long Voyage of a Trickster Story from Ancient Greece to Tibet.” AION: Annali dell’Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli 33:101–16.
  • Ortiz, Renato. 1996. Otro territorio: Ensayos sobre el mundo contempóraneo, translated by Ada Solari. Buenos Aires: Universidad Nacional de Quilmes.
  • Osumare, Halifu. 2007. The Africanist Aesthetic in Global Hip-Hop: Power Moves. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Pad ma tshe brtan, dir. 2005. Lhing ’jags kyi ma Ni rdo ’bum ལྷིང་འཇགས་ཀྱི་མ་ཎི་རྡོ་འབུམ། (The Silent Holy Stones).
  • Pagliai, Valentina. 2009. “The Art of Dueling with Words: Toward a New Understanding of Verbal Duels across the World.” Oral Tradition 24 (1): 61–88.
  • Peacock, Christopher. 2019. “Introduction.” In The Handsome Monk and Other Stories, by Tsering Döndrup, translated by Christopher Peacock, 1–16. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Perks, Liss Glebatis. 2008. “A Sketch Comedy of Errors: Chapelle’s Show, Stereotypes, and Viewers.” PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.
  • Pema Bhum. 2001 Dran tho smin drug ske ‘khyog དྲན་ཐོ་སྨིན་དྲུག་སྐེ་འཁྱོག། (Six stars with a crooked neck). Dharamsala: Tibet Times.
  • ______. 2006. Dran tho Rdo ring ma དྲན་ཐོ་རྡོ་རིང་མ། (Remembering Rdo rje tshe ring). Dharamsala: Tibet Times.
  • ______. 2008. “‘Heartbeat of a New Generation’ Revisited.” In Modern Tibetan Literature and Social Change, edited by Lauran R. Hartley and Patricia Schiaffini-Vedani, 148–72. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • ______. 2017. “How Dorje Tsering Saved Tibetan.” Words without Borders: The Online Magazine for International Literature, July 1. https://www.wordswithoutborders.org/article/july-2017-divided-countries-how-dorje-tsering-saved-tibetan-pema-bhum.
  • Phuntshog Tashi, and Patricia Schiaffini. 2006. “Realism, Humor, and Social Commitment: An Interview.” Manoa 18 (1): 118–24.
  • Phur ba ཕུར་བ།. 1993. A mdo’i kha shags ཨ་མདོའི་ཁ་ཤགས། (Amdo crosstalks). Ziling: Mtsho sngon mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • Pirie, Fernanda. 2006. “Legal Complexity on the Tibetan Plateau.” Journal of Legal Pluralism, no. 53–54, 77–100.
  • ______. 2009. “The Horse with Two Saddles: Tamxhwe in Modern Golok.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 1:213–37.
  • ______. 2012. “Legal Dramas on the Amdo Grasslands: Abolition, Transformation or Survival.” In Revisiting Rituals in a Changing Tibetan World, edited by Katia Buffetrille, 83–107. Leiden: Brill.
  • ______. 2013. “The Limits of the State: Coercion and Consent in Chinese Tibet.” Journal of Asian Studies 72 (1): 69–89.
  • Postiglione, Gerard A. 1992. “China’s National Minorities and Educational Change.” Journal of Contemporary Asia 22 (1): 20–44.
  • ______, ed. 1999. China’s National Minority Education: Culture, Schooling, and Development. New York: Falmer Press.
  • ______, ed. 2006. Education and Social Change in China: Inequality in a Market Economy. London: M. E. Sharpe.
  • ______. 2008. “Making Tibetans in China: The Educational Challenges of Harmonious Multiculturalism.” Educational Review 60 (1): 1–20.
  • Ptackova, Jarmila. 2013. “The Great Opening of the West Development Strategy and Its Impact on the Life and Livelihood of Tibetan Pastoralists: Sedentarisation of Tibetan Pastoralists in Zeku County as a Result of Socioeconomic and Environmental Development Projects in Qinghai Province, P. R. China.” PhD dissertation, Humboldt University, Berlin.
  • ______. 2019. “Traditionalization as a Response to State-Induced Development in Rural Tibetan Areas of Qinghai, PRC.” Central Asian Survey 38 (3): 417–31.
  • Pu Wencheng 蒲文成, ed. 1990. Gan-Qing Zangchuan fojiao siyuan 甘青藏传佛教寺院 (Tibetan Buddhist monasteries of Qinghai and Gansu). Xining: Qinghai Renmin Chubanshe.
  • Rabaka, Reiland. 2013. The Hip-Hop Movement: From R&B and the Civil Rights Movement to Rap and the Hip-Hop Generation. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
  • Raheja, M. 2015. “Visual Sovereignty.” In Native Studies Keywords, edited by Stephanie Nohelani Teves, Andrea Smith, and Michelle Raheja, 25–34. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
  • Ramble, Charles. 1995. “Gaining Ground: Representations of Territory in Bon and Tibetan Popular Tradition.” Tibet Journal 20 (1): 83–124.
  • Ramsey, S. Robert. 1992. The Languages of China. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Rdo grags, dir. 2008. Kha sang gi gtam rgyud ཁ་སང་གི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད། (Yesterday’s story).
  • Rdo rje tshe brtan. 2013. “A Tewo Tibetan Childhood.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 23:1–150.
  • Rea, Christopher. 2015. The Age of Irreverence: A New History of Laughter in China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Rea, Christopher, and Nicolai Volland. 2008. “Comic Visions of Modern China: Introduction.” Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 20 (2): v–xviii.
  • Reynolds, Jermay J. 2012. “Language Variation and Change in an Amdo Tibetan Village: Gender, Education, and Resistance.” PhD dissertation, Georgetown University.
  • Rezaei, Afsane. 2016. “‘The Superman in a Turban”: Political Jokes in the Iranian Social Media.” New Directions in Folklore 14 (1/2): 89–132.
  • Rinjing Dorje. 1997. Tales of Uncle Tompa: The Legendary Rascal of Tibet. New York: Station Hills Arts/Barrytown.
  • Robin, Françoise. 2007. “Stories and History: The Emergence of Historical Fiction in Contemporary Tibet.” In Contemporary Tibetan Literary Studies, edited by Steven J. Venturino, 23–42. Leiden: Brill.
  • ______. 2008. “‘Oracles and Demons’ in Tibetan Literature Today: Representations of Religion in Tibetan-Medium Fiction.” In Modern Tibetan Literature and Social Change, edited by Lauran R. Hartley and Patricia Schiaffini-Vedani, 148–70. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • ______. 2014a. “The Increasing Presence in Tibetan Poetry and Films of the Disappearing Herders’ Black Tent.” Keynote at the 2014 Himalayan Studies Conference, Yale University. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIX3AVJ3Jog.
  • ______. 2014b. “Streets, Slogans and Screens: New Paradigms for the Defense of Tibetan Language.” In On the Fringes of the Harmonious Society: Tibetans and Uyghurs in Socialist China, edited by Trine Brox and Idilkó Bellér-Hann, 209–34. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Press.
  • Roche, Gerald. 2011. “Nadun: Ritual and the Dynamics of Cultural Diversity in Northwest China’s Hehuang Region.” PhD dissertation, Griffith University, Australia.
  • ______. 2014. “Flows and Frontiers: Landscape and Cultural Dynamics on the Northeast Tibetan Plateau.” Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 15 (1): 1–25.
  • ______. 2016. “The Tibetanization of Henan’s Mongols: Ethnicity and Assimilation on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier.” Asian Ethnicity 17 (1): 128–49.
  • ______. 2020. “The Alphabetic Order of Things: The Language of Place and the Place of Language in Tibetan Song.” In Presence through Sound: Music and Place in East Asia, edited by Howard Keith and Catherine Ingram, 72–86. New York: Routledge.
  • Roche, Gerald, and Lugyal Bum. 2018. “Language Revitalization of Tibetan.” In Routledge Handbook of Language Revitalization, edited by Leanne Hinton, Leena Huss, and Gerald Roche, 417–26.
  • Roche, Gerald, and Hiroyuki Suzuki. 2018. “Tibet’s Minority Languages: Diversity and Endangerment.” Modern Asian Studies 52 (4): 1–52.
  • Roche, Gerald, and Xiangcheng Wen. 2013. “Modernist Iconoclasm, Resilience, and Divine Power among the Mangghuer of the Northeast Tibetan Plateau.” Asian Ethnology 72 (1): 85–117.
  • Rossi, Donatella. 1992. “Some Notes on the Tibetan Amdo Love Songs.” In Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 5th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Narita 1989, edited by Ihara Shoren and Yamaguchi Zuiho, 705–9. Narita: Naritasan Shinshoji.
  • Rwa se dkon mchog rgya mtsho རྭ་སེ་དཀོན་མཆོག་རྒྱ་མཚོ།. 1996. “A khu bstan pavi byung bar thog mavi bsam gzhigs ཨ་ཁུ་བསྟན་པའི་བྱུང་བར་ཐོག་མའི་བསམ་གཞིགས།” (Thoughts on the origins of A khu bstan pa). Gangs ljongs rig gnas གངས་ལྗོངས་རིག་གནས། (Tibetan culture) 30:92–96.
  • Sa mtsho skyid and Gerald Roche. 2011. “Purity and Fortune in Phug Sde Tibetan Village Rituals.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 10:231–84.
  • Sacks, Harvey. 1992. Lectures on Conversation. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Sandman, Erika, and Camille Simon. 2016. “Tibetan as a ‘Model Language’ in the Amdo Sprachbund: Evidence from Salar and Wutun.” Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 3 (1): 85–122.
  • Sangs rgyas bkra shis, Qi Huimin, and CK Stuart. 2015. “Being Anything and Going Anywhere: An A mdo Tibetan Auto-song-ography.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 39:1–158.
  • Sangye Gyatso (Gangzhun). 2008. “Modern Tibetan Literature and the Rise of Writer Coteries.” In Modern Tibetan Literature and Social Change, edited by Lauran R. Hartley and Patricia Schiaffini-Vedani, 263–80. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Schein, Louisa. 1999. “Performing Modernity.” Cultural Anthropology 14 (3): 361–95.
  • Schweig, Meredith. 2014. “Hoklo Hip-Hop: Resignifying Rap as Local Narrative Tradition in Taiwan.” CHINOPERL: Journal of Chinese Oral and Performing Literature 33 (1): 37–59.
  • Scott, James C. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • ______. 1990. Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Seeberg, Vilma. 2008. “Girls First! Promoting Early Education in Tibetan Areas of China, a Case Study.” Educational Review 60 (1): 51–68.
  • Seitel, Peter. 1999. The Powers of Genre: Interpreting Haya Oral Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Seizer, Susan. 1997. “Jokes, Gender, and Discursive Distance on the Tamil Popular Stage.” American Ethnologist 24 (1): 62–90.
  • Shakya, Tsering W. 1993. “Whither the Tsampa Eaters?” Himal 6 (5): 8–11.
  • ______. 1994. “Politicization and the Tibetan Language.” In Resistance and Reform in Tibet, edited by Robert Barnett and Shirin Akiner, 157–65. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • ______. 2000. “The Waterfall and Fragrant Flowers: The Development of Tibetan Literature Since 1950.” Manoa 12 (2): 28–40.
  • ______. 2008. “The Development of Modern Tibetan Literature in the People’s Republic of China in the 1980s.” In Modern Tibetan Literature and Social Change, edited by Lauran R. Hartley and Patricia Schiaffini-Vedani, 61–85. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Shohamy, Elana, and Durk Gorter, eds. 2009. Linguistic Landscape: Expanding the Scenery. New York: Routledge.
  • Shokdung. 2016. The Division of Heaven and Earth: On Tibet’s Peaceful Revolution, translated by Matthew Akester. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Shugart, Helene A. 2001. “Parody as Subversive Performance: Denaturalizing Gender and Reconstituting Desire in Ellen.” Text and Performance Quarterly 21 (2): 95–113.
  • Shuman, Amy. 1986. Storytelling Rights: The Uses of Oral and Written Texts by Urban Adolescents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Si Hongxia and Li Xiaohua. 2013. “Use of Language in Radio and Television Broadcasting.” In The Language Situation in China, Volume 1, 2006–2007, edited by Li Yuming, 85–96. Berlin: De Gruyter.
  • Sichuan Sheng Minjian Wenyi Yanjiu Hui 四川省民间文艺研究会, ed. 1980. A kou dengba de gushi 啊叩登巴的故事 (Stories of Uncle Tonpa). Chengdu: Sichuan Minzu Chubanshe.
  • Silverstein, Michael. 1979. “Language Structure and Language Ideology.” In The Elements: A Parasession on Linguistic Units and Levels, April 20–21, 1979: Including Papers from the Conference on Non-Slavic Languages of the USSR, April 18, 1979, edited by Paul R. Clyne, William F. Hanks, and Carol L. Hofbauer, 193–247. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
  • ______. 1996. “Monoglot Standard in America: Standardization and Metaphors of Linguistic Hegemony.” In The Matrix of Language: Contemporary Linguistic Anthropology, edited by Donald Lawrence Brenneis and Ronald K. S. MacAulay, 284–306. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Slater, Keith W. 2003. A Grammar of Mangghuer: A Mongolic Language of China’s Qinghai-Gansu Sprachbund. Curzon Asian Linguistics Series 2. London: Routledge Curzon.
  • Sman bla skyabs སྨན་བླ་སྐྱབས།. 1985. Sgyu rtsal pa སྒྱུ་རྩལ་པ། (The artist). Mtsho sngon mang tshogs sgyu rtsal མཚོ་སྔོན་མང་ཚོགས་སྒྱུ་རྩལ། (Qinghai folk arts) 1 (1985): 70–75.
  • ______. 1989. Sgyu rtsal pa སྒྱུ་རྩལ་པ། (The artist). Beijing: Zhongyang minzu chuban she yinxiang bu.
  • ______. 1990. Kha shags snying bsdus ཁ་ཤགས་སྙིང་བསྡུས། (Selected comedic dialogues). Xining: Qinghai Kunlun Yinxiang Chubanshe.
  • ______. 1993a. Lhasar ’gro ལྷ་སར་འགྲོ། (Going to Lhasa). Xining: Qinghai Kunlun Yinxiang Chubanshe.
  • ______. 1993b. ‘Tshol འཚོལ། (Searching). Xining: Xihai Minzu Yinxiang Chubanshe.
  • ______. 1995. Brag ri’i sras mo བྲག་རིའི་སྲས་མོ། (Princess of the stone mountain). Lanzhou: Kansu mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • ______. 1996a. Cang shes rta bshad ཅང་ཤེས་རྟ་བཤད། (Horse speech). Xining: Xihai Minzu Yinxiang Chubanshe.
  • ______. 1996b. Ribong blo ldan རི་བོང་བློ་ལྡན། (The clever rabbit). Xining: Xihai Minzu Yinxiang Chubanshe.
  • ______. 1996c. “Sems chung sde ba’i mna’ ma སེམས་ཆུང་སྡེ་བའི་མནའ་མ།” (Careful Village’s bride). In Ru sde khra mo རུ་སྡེ་ཁྲ་མོ། (The colorful nomad camp). Ziling: Nub mtsho mi rigs sgra brnyan par skrun khang. Audiocassette.
  • ______. 1996d. “Sems chung sde ba’i rkun ma སེམས་ཆུང་སྡེ་བའི་རྐུན་མ།” (Careful Village’s thief). In Ru sde khra mo རུ་སྡེ་ཁྲ་མོ། (The colorful nomad camp). Ziling: Nub mtsho mi rigs sgra brnyan par skrun khang. Audiocassette.
  • ______. 1996e. “Sems chung sde ba’i rtsod སེམས་ཆུང་སྡེ་བའི་ས་རྩོད།” (Careful Village’s grassland dispute). In Ru sde khra mo རུ་སྡེ་ཁྲ་མོ། (The colorful nomad camp). Ziling: Nub mtsho mi rigs sgra brnyan par skrun khang. Audiocassette.
  • ______. 1996f. “Sems chung sde ba’i ston mo སེམས་ཆུང་སྡེ་བའི་སྟོན་མོ།” (Careful Village’s wedding). In Ru sde khra mo རུ་སྡེ་ཁྲ་མོ། (The colorful nomad camp). Ziling: Nub mtsho mi rigs sgra brnyan par skrun khang. Audiocassette.
  • ______. 2000. Dpon po mnkhyen དཔོན་པོ་མཁྱེན། (Please, wise leader). Ziling: Nub mtsho mi rigs sgra brnyan par skrun khang.
  • ______. 2006a. “Gesar rta rdzi གེ་སར་རྟ་རྫི།” (Gesar’s horse herder). In Gser mdog gi pha sa གསེར་མདོག་གི་ཕ་ས། (My golden homeland). Ziling: Nub mtsho mi Rigs sgra brnyan par skrun khang.
  • ______. 2006b. Gser mdog gi pha sa གསེར་མདོག་གི་ཕ་ས། (My golden homeland). Ziling: Nub mtsho mi Rigs sgra brnyan par skrun khang.
  • ______. 2006c. “Sems bde mgron khang སེམས་བདེ་མགྲོན་ཁང་།” (At Ease Hotel). In Gser mdog gi pha sa གསེར་མདོག་གི་ཕ་ས། (My golden homeland). Ziling: Nub mtsho mi Rigs sgra brnyan par skrun khang.
  • ______. 2006d. “Sgo tshong སྒོ་ཚོང་།” (Door-to-door sales). In Gser mdog gi pha sa གསེར་མདོག་གི་ཕ་ས། (My golden homeland). Ziling: Nub mtsho mi Rigs sgra brnyan par skrun khang.
  • ______. 2006e. “Skad gtong ba སྐད་གཏོང་བ།” (Sending a message). In Gser mdog gi pha sa གསེར་མདོག་གི་ཕ་ས། (My golden homeland). Ziling: Nub mtsho mi Rigs sgra brnyan par skrun khang.
  • ______. 2006f. “Zur gnyis ཟུར་གཉིས།” (Twenty Cents). In Gser mdog gi pha sa གསེར་མདོག་གི་ཕ་ས། (My golden homeland). Ziling: Nub mtsho mi Rigs sgra brnyan par skrun khang.
  • ______. 2010. Rol mo pa dang gyer ’don pa རོལ་མོ་པ་དང་གྱེར་འདོན་པ།” (The musician and reciter). Ziling: Minzu Yinxiang Chubanshe.
  • ______. 2012. Gser gyi skar tshoms—Sman bla skyabs kyi glu gzhas brtsams chos dgong tshogs གསེར་གྱི་སྐར་ཚོམས། སྨནབླ་སྐྱབས་ཀྱི་གླུ་གཞས་བརྩམས་ཆོས་དགོང་ཚོགས། (The golden constellation: An evening of Menla Jyab’s musical works). Ziling: Minzu Yinxiang Chubanshe.
  • ______. 2014. Bod kyi na chung byis pa’i glu gzhas gzi yi phreng ba བོད་ཀྱི་ན་ཆུང་བྱིས་པའི་གླུ་གཞས་གཟི་ཡི་ཕྲེང་བ། (Onyx prayer beads of Tibetan children’s songs). Ziling: Minzu Yinxiang Chubanshe.
  • Sonam Tsering. 2016. “Introduction.” In The Division of Heaven and Earth: On Tibet’s Peaceful Revolution, by Shokdung, translated by Matthew Akester, vii–xvi. London: Hurst and Company.
  • Sorensen, Majken Jul. 2008. “Humor as a Serious Strategy of Nonviolent Resistance to Oppression.” Peace and Change 33 (2): 167–90.
  • Sørenson, Per K. 1990. Divinity Secularized: An Inquiry into the Nature and Form of Songs Ascribed to the Sixth Dalai Lama. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, Heft 25. Vienna: Arbeitskreis für Tibetsiche und Buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien.
  • Sørenson, Per K., and Franz Xaver Erhard. 2013a. “An Inquiry into the Nature of Tibetan Proverbs.” Proverbium 30:281–309.
  • ______. 2013b. “Tibetan Proverbial Literature: Semantics and Metaphoricity in Context.” In Nepalica-Tibetica Festgabe for Christoph Cüppers, edited by Franz-Karl Ehrhard and Petra Maurer, 2:237–52. Andiast, Switzerland: International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies.
  • Sprel nag pa rig ’dzin grags ldan སྤྲེལ་ནག་པ་རིག་འཛིན་གྲགས་ལྡན།. 2009. Dpal Don grub rgyal la zhib ‘jug byas pa’i dpyad rtsom phyogs bsgrigs དཔལ་དོན་གྲུབ་རྒྱལ་ལ་ཞིབ་འཇུག་བྱས་པའི་དཔྱད་རྩོམ་ཕྱོགས་བསྒྲིགས། (Collected essays of research on Don grub rgyal). Lan gru’u [Lanzhou]: Kan su’u mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • Squint, Kirstin L. 2012. “Gerald Vizenor’s Trickster Hermeneutics.” Studies in American Humor 3 (25): 107–23.
  • Stam, Robert, with Richard Porton and Leo Goldsmith. 2015. Keywords in Subversive Film/Media Aesthetics. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
  • Stein, Rolf Alfred. 2010. Rolf Stein’s Tibetica Antiqua with Additional Materials. Edited and translated by Arthur P. McKeown. Leiden: Brill.
  • Stirr, Anna. 2008. “Blue Lake: Tibetan Popular Music, Place, and Fantasies of the Nation.” In Tibetan Modernities: Notes from the Field on Cultural and Social Change, edited by Robert Barnett and Ronald Schwartz, pp. 305–32. Leiden: Brill.
  • Stuart, Kevin, and Limusishiden. 1994. “China’s Monguor Minority: Ethnography and Folktales.” Sino-Platonic Papers 59 (December): 1–193.
  • Su, Buer. 2019. “Locating Selves in 21st Century Tibet: Tibetan Youth Identity and Hip Hop in the People’s Republic of China.” Georgetown Journal of Asia Affairs 5:54–72.
  • Sujata, Victoria. 2005. Tibetan Songs of Realization: Echoes from a Seventeenth- Century Scholar and Siddha in Amdo. Brill’s Tibetan Studies Library 7. Leiden: Brill.
  • Sulek, Emilia. 2012. “‘Everybody Likes Houses. Even Birds Are Coming!’—Housing Tibetan Pastoralists in Golok: Policies and Everyday Realities.” In Pastoral Practices in High Asia: Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research, edited by Herrmann Kreutzmann, 235–55. New York: Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
  • Sulek, Emilia, and Jarmila Ptackova. 2017. “Introduction, Mapping Amdo: People and Places in an Ongoing Transition.” Archiv Orientalni 10:9–22.
  • Sulek, Emilia Roza. 2019. Trading Caterpillar Fungus in Tibet: When Economic Boom Hits Rural Area. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  • Sullivan, Jonathan, and Yupei Zhao. 2021. “Rappers as Knights-Errant: Classic Allusions in the Mainstreaming of Chinese Rap.” Popular Music and Society 44 (3): 274–91.
  • Sun, Fuhai 孙福海. 2007. Dou ni mei shangliang—Xiangshengjie qiwen qushi 逗你没商量:相声界奇闻趣事 (I didn’t mean to tease you: Strange and interesting things from the world of Xiangsheng). Tianjin: Baihua Wenyi Chubanshe.
  • Suoci 索次. 2004. “Lun Zangyu xiangsheng de lishi yu xianzhuang” 论藏语相声的历史与现状 (On the history and present state of Tibetan-language crosstalk). Xizang Yishu yanjiu 西藏艺术研究 (Research on art in Tibet) 3:13–24.
  • Tam, Gina Anne. 2016. “‘Orbiting the Core’: Politics and the Meaning of Dialect in Chinese Linguistics, 1927–1957.” Twentieth-Century China. 41 (3): 1–24.
  • Tan, Gillian G. 2016. “‘Life’ and ‘Freeing Life’ (tshe thar) among Pastoralists of Kham: Intersecting Religion and Environment.” Études mongoles et sibériennes, centrasiatiques et tibétaines 47. http://journals.openedition.org/emscat/2793.
  • Tedlock, Dennis, trans. (1978) 1999. Finding the Center: The Art of the Zuni Storyteller. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Thomas, George. 1991. Linguistic Purism. London: Longman.
  • Thurston, Timothy. 2012. “An Introduction to Tibetan Sa Bstod Speeches in A Mdo.” Asian Ethnology 71 (1): 49–73.
  • ______. 2013. “‘Careful Village’s Grassland Dispute’: An A Mdo Dialect Tibetan Crosstalk Performance by Sman Bla Skyabs.” CHINOPERL: Journal of Chinese Oral and Performing Literature 32 (2): 156–83.
  • ______. 2017. “On Artistic and Cultural Generation in Northeastern Tibet.” Asian Ethnicity 19 (2): 143–62.
  • ______. 2018a. “A Careful Village: Comedic Dialogues and Linguistic Modernity in China’s Tibet. Journal of Asian Studies 77 (2): 453–74.
  • ______. 2018b. “A Korean, an Australian, a Nomad, and a Martial Artist Meet on the Tibetan Plateau: Encounters with Foreigners in a Tibetan Comedy from Amdo.” Journal of Folklore Research 55 (3): 1–24.
  • ______. 2018c. “The Purist Campaign as Metadiscursive Regime in China’s Tibet.” Inner Asia 20 (2): 198–218.
  • ______. 2019. “An Examination of the Poetics of Tibetan Secular Oratory.” Oral Tradition. 33 (1): 23–50.
  • Thurston, Timothy, and Caixiangduojie, trans. 2016. “The Ne’u na Village Wedding Speech.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 40:301–53.
  • Thurston, Timothy, and Tsering Samdrup. 2012. “An A Mdo Tibetan Pastoralist Family’s Lo Sar in Stong Skor Village.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 21:33–69.
  • Tian, Xi. 2014. “Uncertain Satire in Modern Chinese Fiction and Drama: 1930–1949.” PhD dissertation, University of California Riverside.
  • Toelken, Barre, and George Wasson. 1999. “Coyote and the Strawberries: Cultural Drama and Intercultural Collaboration.” Oral Tradition 13 (1): 176–99.
  • Tong, Q. S. 2010. “Global Modernity and Linguistic Universality: The Invention of Modern Chinese Language.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 43 (3): 325–39.
  • Tournadre, Nicolas. 2003. “The Dynamics of Tibetan-Chinese Bilingualism.” China Perspectives, no. 45 (January–February). http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/231.
  • Tournadre, Nicolas, and François Robin. 2006. Le grand livre des proverbes tibétains (The great book of Tibetan proverbs). Montreal: Presses du Châtelet.
  • Tsau, Shuying. 1980. “Xiangsheng and Its Star Performer Hou Baolin.” Chinoperl Papers 9 (1): 32–78.
  • Tsering Bum. 2013. “A Northeastern Tibetan Childhood.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 27:1–117.
  • Tsering Döndrup, translated by Christopher Peacock. 2019. The Handsome Monk and Other Stories. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Tsering Samdrup and Hiroyuki Suzuki. 2019. “Humilifics in Mabzhi Pastoralist Speech of Amdo Tibetan.” Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 42 (2): 222–59.
  • Tshe brtan rgyal ཚེ་བརྟན་རྒྱལ།. 2010. A mdo’i goms srol nyung bsdus ཨ་མདོའི་གོམས་སྲོལ་ཉུང་བསྡུས། (A few collected Amdo customs). Lan gru’u [Lanzhou]: Kan su’u mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • Tshe dbang bsod nams ཚེ་དབང་བསོད་ནམས།. 2006. “Precious Juniper rtsa che ba’i shug sdong རྩ་ཆེ་བའི་ཤུག་སྡོང་།.” In Tibetan-English Folktales, edited by Tshe dbang rdo rje, Allie Thomas, Kevin Stuart, dPal ldan bKra shis, and ’Gyur med rgya mtsho, 64–65. Unpublished textbook.
  • Tshe dbang rdo rje, Alexandru Anton-Luca, and Charles Kevin Stuart. 2009. Tibetan Weddings in Ne’u na Village. New York: YBK Publishers.
  • Tshe dbang rdo rje, Allie Thomas, Kevin Stuart, dPal ldan bKra shis, and ’Gyur med rgya mtsho, eds. n.d. Tibetan-English Folktales. Unpublished monograph.
  • Tuohy, Sue. 1999. “The Social Life of Genre: The Dynamics of Folksong in China.” Asian Music 30 (2): 39–86.
  • Tuttle, Gray. 2005. Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • ______. 2010. “The Failure of Ideologies in China’s Relations with Tibetans.” In Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance, edited by Jacques Bertrand and André Laliberté, 219–43. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Upton, Janet. 1996. “Home on the Grasslands? Tradition, Modernity, and the Negotiation of Identity by Tibetan Intellectuals in the PRC.” In Negotiating Ethnicities in China and Taiwan, edited by Melissa J Brown, 98–124. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • ______. 1999. “The Development of Modern School-Based Tibetan Language Education in the PRC.” In China’s National Minority Education: Culture, Schooling, and Development, edited by Gerard A. Postiglione, 281–340. New York: Falmer Press.
  • ______. 2000. “Notes towards a Native Tibetan Ethnology: An Introduction to and Annotated Translation of dMu dge bSam gtan’s Essays on Dwags po (Baima Zangzu).” Tibet Journal 25 (1): 3–26.
  • Venturino, Steven J. 2008. “Signifying on China: African-American Literary Theory and Tibetan Discourse.” In Sinographies: Writing China, edited by Eric Hayot, Haun Saussy, and Steven G. Yao, 271–99. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Verdery, Katherine. 1991. National Ideology under Socialism: Identity and Cultural Politics in Ceausecu’s Romania. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Virtanen, Riika. 2008. “Development and Urban Space in Contemporary Literature.” In Modern Tibetan Literature and Social Change, edited by Lauran R. Hartley and Patricia Schiaffini-Vedani, 236–62. Durham, NC: Duke University Press
  • ______. 2011. “Tibetan Written Images: A Study of Imagery in the Writings of Dhondup Gyal.” PhD dissertation, University of Helsinki.
  • Volosinov, Valentin N. 1973. Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. New York: Seminar Press.
  • Wallenböck, Ute. 2016. “Marginalisation at China’s Multi-Ethnic Frontier: The Mongolian Autonomous County in Qinghai Province.” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 45 (2): 149–82.
  • Wang Jue 王决, Wang Jingshou 汪景寿, and Teng Tianxiang 藤田香. 2011. Zhongguo xiangsheng shi 中国相声史 (A history of Chinese xiangsheng). Tianjin: Baihua Wenyi Chubanshe.
  • Wang Shiyong. 2013. “Towards a Localized Development Approach in Tibetan Areas of China.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 28:137–63.
  • Wang Shuangcheng 王双成. 2012. Zangyu anduo fangyan yuyin yanjiu 藏语安多方言语音研究 (Research on the phonology of the Tibetan language’s Amdo dialect). Shanghai: Zhongxi Shuju.
  • Wang, Xianzheng, Yongzhong Zhu, and Kevin Stuart. 1995. “‘The Brightness of the World’: Minhe Monguor Women Sing.” Mongolian Studies 18:65–83.
  • Wang, Yuxiang, and JoAnn Phillion. 2009. “Minority Language Policy and Practice in China: The Need for Multicultural Education.” International Journal of Multicultural Education 11 (1): 1–14.
  • Warner, Cameron David. 2013. “Hope and Sorrow: Uncivil Religion, Tibetan Music Videos, and YouTube.” Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology 78 (4): 543–68.
  • ______. 2019. “Tibetan Heritage in Urban China.” Volume 55 (1): 30–33.
  • Weber, Eugen. 1976. Peasants Into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870–1914. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Weiner, Benno Ryan. 2012. “The Chinese Revolution on the Tibetan Frontier: State Building, National Integration, and Socialist Transformation, Zeku (Tsékhok) County, 1953–1958.” PhD dissertation, Columbia University.
  • ______. 2020. The Chinese Revolution on the Tibetan Frontier. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • White, Linda. 2003. “Basque Bertsolaritza.” Oral Tradition 18 (1): 142–43.
  • Willock, Nicole D. 2011. “A Tibetan Buddhist Polymath in Modern China.” PhD dissertation, University of Indiana.
  • Winkler, Daniel. 2013. “Review: Transforming Nomadic Resource Management and Livelihood Strategies.” Asian Highlands Perspectives 28:387–92.
  • Woolard, Kathryn A., and Bambi B. Schieffelin. 1994. “Language Ideology.” Annual Review of Anthropology 23:55–82.
  • Wu Qi. 2013. “Tradition and Modernity: Cultural Continuum and Transition among Tibetans in A Mdo.” PhD dissertation, University of Helsinki.
  • Yang, Eveline. 2016. “Tracing the Chol kha gsum: Reexamining a Sa skya-Yuan Period Administrative Geography.” Revue d’etudes tibétaines, no. 37 (December): 551–68.
  • Yangdon Dhondup. 2000. “Song of the Snow Lion: New Writing from Tibet.” Manoa 12 (2): 144–49.
  • ______. 2008a. “Dancing to the Beat of Modernity: The Rise and Development of Tibetan Pop Music.” In Tibetan Modernities: Notes from the Field on Cultural and Social Change, edited by Robert Barnett and Ronald Schwartz, 285–304. Leiden: Brill.
  • ______. 2008b. “Roar of the Snow Lion: Tibetan Poetry in Chinese.” In Modern Tibetan Literature and Social Change, edited by Lauran R. Hartley and Patricia Schiaffini-Vedani, 32–60. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Yangdon Dhondup, Ulrich Pagel, and Geoffrey Samuel, eds. 2013. Monastic and Lay Traditions in North-Eastern Tibet. Leiden: Brill.
  • Yao, Wang. 1994. “Hu Yaobang’s Visit to Tibet, May 22–31, 1980.” In Resistance and Reform in Tibet, edited by Robert Barnett and Shirin Akiner, 285–89. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Yau, Wai-ping. 2016. “Reading Pema Tseden’s Films as Palimpsest.” Journal of Chinese Cinemas 10 (2): 120–34.
  • Yeh, Emily T. 2003. “Tibetan Range Wars: Spatial Politics and Authority on the Grasslands of Amdo.” Development and Change 34 (3): 499–523.
  • ______. 2013a. “Blazing Pelts and Burning Passions: Nationalism, Cultural Politics and Spectacular Decommodification in Tibet.” Journal of Asian Studies 72 (2): 319–34.
  • ______. 2013b. Taming Tibet: Landscape Transformation and the Gift of Chinese Development. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • You, Ziying. 2012. “Tradition and Ideology: Creating and Performing New Gushi in China, 1962–1966.” Asian Ethnology 71 (2): 259–80.
  • Young, Katharine. 1978. “Indirection in Storytelling.” Western Folklore 37 (1): 46–55.
  • Yü, Dan Smyer. 2006. “Emotions under Local Nationalism: The Primordial Turn of Tibetan Intellectuals in China.” Pacific Rim Report 42. San Francisco: USF Center for the Pacific Rim.
  • ______. 2013. “Subaltern Placiality in Modern Tibet: Critical Discourses in the Works of Shogdong.” China Information 27 (2): 155–72.
  • Yu, Zongqi. 1991. “One Hundred Jests of Afanti.” MA thesis, Missouri State University.
  • Yulha Lhawa. 2019. “Language Revitalization, Video, and Mobile Social Media: A Case Study from the Khroskyabs Language amongst Tibetans in China.” Language Documentation and Conservation 13:564–579.
  • Zenz, Adrian. 2010. “Beyond Assimilation: The Tibetanisation of Tibetan Education in Qinghai.” Inner Asia 12 (2): 295–315.
  • ______. 2014. “Tibetanness” under Threat: Neo-Integrationism, Minority Education and Career Strategies in Qinghai, P. R. China. Inner Asia Book Series 9. Leiden: Brill.
  • Zhang, Daqing, and Paul U Unschuld. 2008. “China’s Barefoot Doctors: Past, Present, and Future.” Lancet 327 (9653): 1865–67.
  • Zhang Yisun张怡荪, ed. 1985. Bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo བོད་རྒྱ་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ། (The great Tibetan-Chinese dictionary). Pe cin [Beijing]: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang.
  • Zhogs dung ཞོགས་དུང་།. 2008. “Bag chags dong sprug བག་ཆགས་དོང་སྤྲུག” (Overturning propensities). In Dpyod shes rgyang ’bod དཔྱོད་ཤེས་རྒྱང་འབོད། (The call of examination and knowledge), 2nd ed., 25–41. Lanzhou: Gansu Minzu Chubanshe.
  • Zhou Decang 周德仓. 2007. “Mao Zedong yu Xizang dangdai xinwen shiye de chuangjian 毛泽东与西藏当代新闻事业的创建” (Mao Zedong and the construction of a contemporary Tibetan news industry). Mao Zedong sixiang yanjiu 毛泽东思想研究 (Mao Zedong thought studies) 24 (3): 28–31.
  • Zhou, Minglang. 2004. “Minority Language Policy in China: Equality in Theory and Inequality in Practice.” In Language Policy in the People’s Republic of China: Theory and Practice since 1949, edited by Minglang Zhou and Hongkai Sun, 71–96. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Zhu Yongzhong, Huimin Qi, and Kevin Stuart. 1997. “Mirror-Bright Hearts and Poor Lives: Minhe Mangghuer Kugurjia Songs.” CHIME 10–11:62–78.
  • Zhu Yongzhong, and Kevin Stuart. 1996. “Ritual Village Songs from East Qinghai: Minhe Monguor Nadun Texts.” CHIME 9: 89–105.

Annotate

Next Chapter
Index
PreviousNext
All rights reserved
Powered by Manifold Scholarship. Learn more at
Opens in new tab or windowmanifoldapp.org