The open-access publication of this book was made possible by a grant from the James P. Geiss and Margaret Y. Hsu Foundation, which also supported the original publication. Additional support was provided by a grant from the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Ge, Liangyan.
The scholar and the state : fiction as political discourse in late imperial China / Liangyan Ge.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-295-99417-8 (hardcover : acid-free paper)
1. Chinese fiction—History and criticism. 2. Literature and society—China. 3. Scholars—China—History. 4. China—Intellectual life. I. Title.
PL2415.G4    2015
895.13009—dc23        2014007526

The paper used in this publication is acid-free and meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48–1984.∞

ISBN-13: 978-0-295-80561-0 (electronic)