Selected Bibliography

This bibliography contains academic sources that are most central to the study of the Xi Jinping era in China, including books, book chapters, journal articles, and reports by academic institutions, research institutes, or organizations. Citations of additional sources accompany each chapter in this volume.

• Acharya, Amitav. ASEAN and Regional Order: Revisiting Security Community in Southeast Asia. New York: Routledge, 2021.
• Allison, Graham. Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap? Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2017.
• Anderson, Amy, and Darren Byler. “‘Eating Hanness’: Uyghur Musical Tradition in a Time of Re-education.” China Perspectives, no. 3 (2019): 17–26.
• Anderson, James, and John Whitmore, eds. China’s Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier over Two Millennia. Leiden: Brill, 2014.
• Ang, Yuen Yuen. How China Escaped the Poverty Trap. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2016.
• Anwar, Dewi Fortuna. “Indonesia and the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific.” International Affairs 96, no. 1 (2020): 111–29.
• Apter, David, and Tony Saich. Revolutionary Discourse in Mao’s Republic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.
• Ba, Alice. (Re)Negotiating East and Southeast Asia: Region, Regionalism, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009.
• Bandurski, David. “Propaganda Soars into Orbit.” China Media Project, January 29, 2021. https://chinamediaproject.org/2021/01/29/propaganda-soars-into-orbit.
• Barmé, Geremie R. “Chinese Dreams (Zhongguo Meng 中国梦).” In China Story Yearbook 2013: Civilising China, edited by Geremie R. Barmé and Jeremy Goldkorn, 5–13. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 2013.
• Bian, Yanjie. Work and Inequality in Urban China. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994.
• Blanchette, Jude. China’s New Red Guards: The Return of Radicalism and the Rebirth of Mao Zedong. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
• Bo, Zhiyue. “Balance of Factional Power in China.” East Asia 25, no. 4 (July 2008): 333–64.
• ________. “The 16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.” Journal of Contemporary China 13, no. 39 (2004): 223–56.
• Bourke, Joanna. “Fear and Anxiety: Writing about Emotion in Modern History.” History Workshop Journal 55, no. 1 (2003): 111–33.
• Bovingdon, Gardner. The Uyghurs: Strangers in Their Own Land. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
• Bram, Barclay. “Involution: The Generation Turning Inward and Away from Xi’s Chinese Dream.” Asia Society Policy Institute, November 9, 2022. https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/involution-generation-turning-inward-and-away-xis-chinese-dream.
• Brown, Kerry. CEO, China: The Rise of Xi Jinping. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016.
• ________. The World according to Xi: Everything You Need to Know about the New China. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.
• Brown, Kerry, and Una Aleksandra Bērziņa-Čerenkova. “Ideology in the Era of Xi Jinping.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 23, no. 3 (September 2018): 323–39.
• Byler, Darren. “Spirit Breaking: Uyghur Dispossession, Cultural Work, and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City.” PhD diss., University of Washington, 2018.
• ________. Terror Capitalism: Uyghur Dispossession and Masculinity in a Chinese City. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2022.
• Cai, Yong, Wang Feng, and Ke Shen. “Fiscal Implications of Population Aging and Social Sector Expenditure in China.” Population and Development Review 44, no. 4 (2018): 811–31.
• Carothers, Christopher. Corruption Control in Authoritarian Regimes: Lessons from East Asia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022.
• Chan, Alexsia T. Beyond Coercion: The Politics of Inequality in China. New York: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming.
• Chan, Alexsia T., and Kevin J. O’Brien. “Phantom Services: Deflecting Migrant Workers in China.” China Journal, no. 81 (2019): 103–22.
• Chan, Alfred L. Xi Jinping: Political Career, Governance, and Leadership, 1953–2018. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.
• Chan, Kam Wing. “The Chinese Hukou System at 50.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 50, no. 2 (2009): 197–221.
• ________. Cities with Invisible Walls: Reinterpreting Urbanization in Post-1949 China. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
• ________. “What the 2020 Chinese Census Tells Us about Progress in Hukou Reform.” China Brief 21, no. 15 (2021): 11–17.
• Chan, Kam Wing, and Will Buckingham. “Is China Abolishing the Hukou System?” China Quarterly, no. 195 (2008): 582–606.
• Chan, Kam Wing, Fang Cai, Guanghua Wan, and Man Wang, eds. Urbanization with Chinese Characteristics: The Hukou System and Migration. New York: Routledge, 2018.
• Chan, Kam Wing, and Li Zhang. “The Hukou System and Rural-Urban Migration in China: Processes and Changes.” China Quarterly, no. 160 (1999): 818–55.
• Chandra, Nirmal Kumar. “Education in China: From the Cultural Revolution to Four Modernisations.” Economic and Political Weekly 22, no. 19–21 (May 1987): 121–36.
• Chang, Kuei-Min. “New Wine in Old Bottles: Sinicisation and State Regulation of Religion in China.” China Perspectives, no. 1–2 (2018): 37–44.
• Che, Lei, Haifeng Du, and Kam Wing Chan. “Unequal Pain: A Sketch of the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Migrants’ Employment in China.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 61, no. 4–5 (2020): 448–63.
• Cheek, Timothy. “Attitudes of Action: Maoism as Emotional Political Theory.” In Chinese Thought as Global Theory, edited by Leigh Jenco, 75–100. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2016.
• ________. “Making Maoism: Ideology and Organization in the Yan’an Rectification Movement, 1942–1944.” In Knowledge Acts in Modern China: Ideas, Institutions, and Identities, edited by Robert Culp, Eddy U, and Wen-hsin Yeh, 304–27. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 2016.
• Chen, Chih-Jou Jay. “Peasant Protests over Land Seizures in Rural China.” Journal of Peasant Studies 47, no. 6 (2020): 1327–47.
• ________. “A Protest Society Evaluated: Popular Protests in China, 2000–2019.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 25, no. 5 (2020): 641–60.
• Chen, Chih-Jou Jay, and Yongshun Cai. “Upward Targeting and Social Protests in China.” Journal of Contemporary China 30, no. 130 (2021): 511–25.
• Chen, Huirong, and Sheena Chestnut Greitens. “Information Capacity and Social Order: The Local Politics of Information Integration in China.” Governance 35, no. 2 (2022): 497–523.
• Chen, Shih-Min. “Xi Jinping de zhanlue zhuanxian yu taihai jushi de bianqian: 2021–2018” (A shift in Xi Jinping’s strategy and the changing cross-strait security situation: 2012–2018). Prospect Quarterly 20, no. 2 (2019): 49–93.
• Cheng, Tiejun, and Mark Selden. “The Origins and Social Consequences of China’s Hukou System.” China Quarterly, no. 139 (1994): 644–68.
• Chiang, Kai-shek. China’s Destiny and Chinese Economic Theory. New York: Roy Publishers, 1947.
• Chu, Yun-han, and Yu-tzung Chang. “Xi’s Foreign-Policy Turn and Asian Perceptions of a Rising China.” Global Asia 12, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 104–11.
• Clarke, Michael. “China’s ‘War on Terror’ in Xinjiang: Human Security and the Causes of Violent Uighur Separatism.” Terrorism and Political Violence 20, no. 2 (2008): 271–301.
• Cui, Yuming, Jingjing Meng, and Changrong Lu. “Recent Developments in China’s Labor Market: Labor Shortage, Rising Wages and Their Implications.” Review of Development Economics 22, no. 3 (2018): 1217–38.
• Cunningham, Edward, Tony Saich, and Jessie Turiel. “Understanding CCP Resilience: Surveying Chinese Public Opinion through Time.” Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, MA, July 2020. https://ash.harvard.edu/publications/understanding-ccp-resilience-surveying-chinese-public-opinion-through-time.
• Dai, Xin. “Enforcing Law and Norms for Good Citizens: One View of China’s Social Credit System Project.” Development 63, no. 1 (2020): 38–43.
• Davis, Deborah. “Urban Households: Supplicants to a Socialist State.” In Chinese Families in the Post-Mao Era, edited by Deborah Davis and Stevan Harrell, 50–76. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
• Denton, Kirk. “Rectification: Party Discipline, Intellectual Remolding, and the Formation of a Political Community.” In Words and Their Stories: Essays on the Language of the Chinese Revolution, edited by Ban Wang, 51–63. Leiden: Brill, 2011.
• Dickson, Bruce J. The Party and the People: Chinese Politics in the 21st Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021.
• Dillon, Nara. Radical Inequalities: China’s Revolutionary Welfare State in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2015.
• Dong, Yiming, and Charlotte Goodburn. “Residence Permits and Points Systems: New Forms of Educational and Social Stratification in Urban China.” Journal of Contemporary China 29, no. 125 (2020): 647–66.
• Dotson, John. “The CCP Politburo Holds Its First Collective Study Session for 2020.” China Brief 20, no. 11 (June 24, 2020). https://jamestown.org/program/the-ccp-politburo-holds-its-first-collective-study-session-for-2020.
• Economy, Elizabeth. The Third Revolution: Xi Jinping and the New Chinese State. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
• Edin, Maria. “State Capacity and Local Agent Control in China: CCP Cadre Management from a Township Perspective.” China Quarterly, no. 173 (2003): 35–52.
• Elfstrom, Manfred, and Sarosh Kuruvilla. “The Changing Nature of Labor Unrest in China.” ILR Review 67, no. 2 (2014): 453–80.
• Esarey, Ashley. “Propaganda as a Lens for Assessing Xi Jinping’s Leadership.” Journal of Contemporary China 30, no. 132 (2021): 888–901.
• Esarey, Ashley, Mary Alice Haddad, Joanna I. Lewis, and Stevan Harrell, eds. Greening East Asia: The Rise of the Eco-Developmental State. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2020.
• Fan, C. Cindy. “The Elite, the Natives, and the Outsiders: Migration and Labor Market Segmentation in Urban China.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 92, no. 1 (2002): 103–24.
• Fearon, James D. “Counterfactuals and Hypothesis Testing in Political Science.” World Politics 43, no. 2 (January 1991): 169–95.
• Ferdinand, Peter. “Westward Ho—the China Dream and ‘One Belt, One Road’: Chinese Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping.” International Affairs 92, no. 4 (2016): 941–57.
• Fewsmith, Joseph. “China in 2007.” Asian Survey 48, no. 1 (January/February 2008): 82–96.
• ________. China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
• ________. “Mao’s Shadow.” China Leadership Monitor, no. 43 (Winter 2013): 1–9. https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/CLMJF.pdf.
• ________. Rethinking Chinese Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
• Fingar, Thomas, and Jean C. Oi. “China’s Challenges: Now It Gets Much Harder.” Washington Quarterly 43, no. 1 (Spring 2020): 65–82.
• ________, eds. Fateful Decisions: Choices That Will Shape China’s Future. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2020.
• Finklestein, David. “Breaking the Paradigm: Drivers behind the PLA’s Current Period of Reform.” In Chairman Xi Remakes the PLA: Assessing Chinese Military Reforms, edited by Phillip C. Saunders, Arthur S. Ding, Andrew N. D. Yang, and Joel Wuthnow, 45–83. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 2019.
• Fitzgerald, John. Awakening China: Politics, Culture, and Class in the Nationalist Revolution. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.
• Frankopan, Peter. The Silk Roads: A New History of the World. London: Bloomsbury, 2015.
• Friedman, Eli. “Just-in-Time Urbanization? Managing Migration, Citizenship, and Schooling in the Chinese City.” Critical Sociology 44, no. 3 (2018): 503–18.
• ________. The Urbanization of People: Development, Labor Markets, and Schooling in a Chinese City. New York: Columbia University Press, 2022.
• Gaenssbauer, Monika. Popular Belief in Contemporary China: A Discourse Analysis. Freiburg: Projekt Verlag, 2015.
• Gan, Li, Qing He, Ruichao Si, and Daichun Yi. “Relocating or Redefined: A New Perspective on Urbanization in China.” NBER Working Paper No. 26585, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, December 2019. http://www.nber.org/papers/w26585.
• Gao, Qin. Welfare, Work, and Poverty: Social Assistance in China. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
• Gao, Zhanxiang. Xinyangli (The power of faith). Beijing: Beijing Daxue Chubanshe, 2012.
• Garside, Roger. China Coup: The Great Leap to Freedom. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2021.
• Gill, Bates. Daring to Struggle: China’s Global Ambitions under Xi Jinping. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.
• Goh, Evelyn, ed. Rising China’s Influence in Developing Asia. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
• Goodman, David S. G. “The Campaign to ‘Open Up the West’: National, Provincial-Level, and Local Perspectives.” China Quarterly, no. 178 (2004): 317–34.
• Goossaert, Vincent, and David Palmer, eds. The Religious Question in Modern China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.
• Gow, Michael. “The Core Socialist Values of the Chinese Dream: Towards a Chinese Integral State.” Critical Asian Studies 49, no. 1 (2017): 92–116.
• Green, Linda. “Living in a State of Fear.” In Fieldwork under Fire: Contemporary Studies of Violence and Culture, edited by Carolyn Nordstrom and Antonius Robben, 105–28. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
• Guo, Maocan, and Xiaogang Wu. “School Expansion and Educational Stratification in China, 1981–2006.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, Boston, June 2008.
• Guo, Zhonghua, and Tuo Liang. “Differentiating Citizenship in Urban China: A Case Study of Dongguan City.” Citizenship Studies 21, no. 7 (2017): 773–91.
• Habermas, Jürgen. “Notes on a Post-Secular Society.” Signandsight, June 18, 2008. http://www.signandsight.com/features/1714.html.
• Haili, Li, and Genia Kostka. “Accepting but Not Engaging with It: Digital Participation in Local Government‐Run Social Credit Systems in China.” Policy & Internet 14, no. 4 (2022): 845–74.
• Hall, David L., and Roger T. Ames. Thinking through Confucius. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987.
• Han, Rongbin. Contesting Cyberspace in China: Online Expression and Authoritarian Resilience. New York: Columbia University Press, 2018.
• ________. “Cyber Nationalism and Regime Support under Xi Jinping: The Effects of the 2018 Constitutional Revision.” Journal of Contemporary China 30, no. 131 (2021): 717–33.
• Hayes, Anna. “Interwoven ‘Destinies’: The Significance of Xinjiang to the China Dream, the Belt and Road Initiative, and the Xi Jinping Legacy.” Journal of Contemporary China 29, no. 121 (2020): 31–45.
• Heilmann, Sebastian. “Leninism Upgraded: Xi Jinping’s Authoritarian Innovations.” China Economic Quarterly 20, no. 4 (2016): 15–22.
• ________. “Policy Experimentation in China’s Economic Rise.” Studies in Comparative International Development 43, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–26.
• Hennessy, Peter. The Hidden Wiring: Unearthing the British Constitution. London: Gollancz, 1995.
• Herberer, Thomas. “Disciplining of a Society: Social Disciplining and Civilizing Processes in Contemporary China.” Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, MA, August 2020. https://ash.harvard.edu/publications/disciplining-society-social-disciplining-and-civilizing-processes-contemporary.
• Hillman, Ben. “The State Advances, the Private Sector Retreats.” in China Story Yearbook 2018: Power, edited by Jane Golley, Linda Jaivin, Paul J. Farrelly, and Sharon Strange, 294–306. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 2019.
• Hockx, Michel. “Truth, Goodness, and Beauty: Literary Policy in Xi Jinping’s China.” Law & Literature 35, no. 3 (2023): 515–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/1535685X.2022.2026039.
• Hong, Ren-Jie, Yu-Chi Tseng, and Thong-Hong Lin. “Guarding the New Great Wall: The Politics of Household Registration Reforms and Public Provision in China.” China Quarterly, no. 251 (2022): 776–97.
• Huang, Kai-Ping, and Bridget Welsh. “Trends in Soft Power in East Asia: Distance, Diversity and Drivers.” Global Asia 12, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 112–17.
• Huang, Min-Hua, and Mark Weatherall. “Democratic Distance and Asian Views of Chinese and American Influence.” Global Asia 12, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 118–22.
• Huang, Youqin. “Farewell to Villages: Forced Urbanization in Rural China.” In China’s Urbanization and Socioeconomic Impact, edited by Zongli Tang, 207–27. Singapore: Springer, 2017.
• Jain-Chandra, Sonali, Niny Khor, Rui Mano, Johanna Schauer, Philippe Wingender, and Juzhong Zhuang. “Inequality in China—Trends, Drivers, and Policy Remedies.” IMF Working Paper No. 2018/127, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, June 2018.
• Jerden, Bjorn. “The Assertive China Narrative: Why It Is Wrong and How So Many Bought into It.” Chinese Journal of International Politics 7, no. 1 (Spring 2014): 47–88.
• Jiang, Chang and Cai Mengxue. “‘Dangdai zhongguo jiazhiguan’ gainiande tichu, neihan yu yiyi” (The proposal, content, and meaning of the concept “contemporary Chinese values”). Journal of Hubei University (Philosophy and Social Science), no. 4 (2016): 1–7 and 160.
• Johnson, Christopher K. “Xi Jinping Unveils His Foreign Policy Vision: Peace through Strength.” Freeman Chair China Report (Center for Strategic and International Studies), December 8, 2014. https://www.csis.org/analysis/thoughts-chairman-xi-jinping-unveils-his-foreign-policy-vision.
• Johnson, Ian. The Souls of China: The Return of Religion after Mao. New York: Pantheon Books, 2017.
• Johnston, Alastair Iain. “How New and Assertive Is China’s New Assertiveness?” International Security 37, no. 4 (Spring 2013): 7–48.
• Kanbur, Ravi, Yue Wang, and Xiaobo Zhang. “The Great Chinese Inequality Turnaround.” IZA Discussion Paper No. 10635433, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn, 2017.
• Keegan, David, and Kyle Churchman. “Taiwan and China Seek Lessons from Ukraine as Taiwan’s International Position Strengthens.” Comparative Connections 24, no. 1 (2022): 89–100.
• Keping, Yu. Democracy Is a Good Thing: Essays on Politics, Society, and Culture in Contemporary China. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2008.
• Klein, Thoralf. “‘Our Believing in the Three People’s Principles Requires a Religious Spirit’: Xin(yang) 信仰 and the Political Religion of the Guomindang, 1925–1949.” In From Trustworthiness to Secular Beliefs: Changing Concepts of xin 信 from Traditional to Modern Chinese, edited by Christian Meyer and Philip Clart, 461–96. Leiden: Brill, 2023.
• Knight, John, and Ramani Gunatilaka. “Rural-Urban Migration and Happiness in China.” In World Happiness Report 2018, edited by John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, and Jeffrey D. Sachs, 67–88. New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network, 2018.
• Knight, John, Shi Li, and Haiyuan Wan. “The Increasing Inequality of Wealth in China.” In Changing Trends in China’s Inequality: Evidence, Analysis, and Prospects, edited by Terry Sicular, Shi Li, Ximing Yue, and Hiroshi Sato, 109–44. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020.
• Koo, Anita. “Expansion of Vocational Education in Neoliberal China: Hope and Despair among Rural Youth.” Journal of Education Policy 31, no. 1 (2016): 46–59.
• Kostka, Genia. “China’s Social Credit Systems and Public Opinion: Explaining High Levels of Approval.” New Media & Society 21, no. 7 (2019): 1565–93.
• Kuhn, Philip A. Origins of the Modern Chinese State. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002.
• Laclau, Ernesto, and Chantal Mouffe. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics. 2nd ed. London: Verso, 2001.
• Lam, Willy. Chinese Politics in the Era of Xi Jinping: Renaissance, Reform, or Retrogression? New York: Routledge, 2016.
• ________. “The Xi Jinping Faction Dominates Regional Appointments after the 19th Party Congress.” China Brief 18, no. 2 (2018): 3–7.
• ________. “Xi Jinping’s Ideology and Statecraft.” Chinese Law and Government 48, no. 6 (November 2016): 409–17.
• Lampton, David M. Following the Leader: Ruling China, from Deng Xiaoping to Xi Jinping. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014.
• Lampton, David M., Celina Ho, and Cheng-Chwee Kuik. Rivers of Iron: Railroads and Chinese Power in Southeast Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2020.
• Lan, Pei-chia. “Segmented Incorporation: The Second Generation of Rural Migrants in Shanghai.” China Quarterly, no. 217 (2014): 243–65.
• Larson, Deborah Welch. “Will China Be a New Type of Great Power?” Chinese Journal of International Politics 8, no. 4 (Winter 2015): 323–48.
• Lee, Sangkuk. “An Institutional Analysis of Xi Jinping’s Centralization of Power.” Journal of Contemporary China 26, no. 105 (2017): 325–36.
• Lee, Sarah, and Kevin J. O’Brien. “Adapting in Difficult Circumstances: Protestant Pastors and the Xi Jinping Effect.” Journal of Contemporary China 30, no. 132 (2021): 902–14.
• Leibold, James. “Planting the Seed: Ethnic Policy in Xi Jinping’s New Era of Cultural Nationalism.” China Brief 19, no. 22 (2019): 1–32.
• ________. “Surveillance in China’s Xinjiang Region: Ethnic Sorting, Coercion, and Inducement.” Journal of Contemporary China 29, no. 121 (2020): 46–60.
• ________. “Xinjiang Work Forum Marks New Policy of ‘Ethnic Mingling.’” China Brief 14, no. 12 (2014): 1–12.
• Li, Cheng. “A Biographical and Factional Analysis of the Post-2012 Politburo.” China Leadership Monitor, no. 41 (2013): 1–17. https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/CLM41CL.pdf.
• ________. “China’s Midterm Jockeying: Gearing Up for 2012 (Part 1: Provincial Chiefs).” China Leadership Monitor, no. 31 (2010): 1–24. http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/CLM31CL.pdf.
• ________. “China’s Top Future Leaders to Watch: Biographical Sketches of Possible Members of the Post-2012 Politburo (Part 1).” China Leadership Monitor, no. 37 (2012): 1–10. https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/CLM37CL.pdf.
• ________. “China’s Top Future Leaders to Watch: Biographical Sketches of Possible Members of the Post-2012 Politburo (Part 2).” China Leadership Monitor, no. 38 (2012): 1–10. https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/CLM38CL.pdf.
• ________. “China’s Top Future Leaders to Watch: Biographical Sketches of Possible Members of the Post-2012 Politburo (Part 3).” China Leadership Monitor, no. 39 (2012): 1–9. https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/CLM39CL.pdf.
• ________. “China’s Top Future Leaders to Watch: Biographical Sketches of Possible Members of the Post-2012 Politburo (Part 4).” China Leadership Monitor, no. 39 (2012): 1–22. https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/CLM39CL2.pdf.
• ________. Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2016.
• ________. “Was the Shanghai Gang Shanghaied? The Fall of Chen Liangyu and the Survival of Jiang Zemin’s Faction.” China Leadership Monitor, no. 20 (2007): 1–17. https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/clm20cl.pdf.
• ________. “Xi Jinping’s Inner Circle (Part 2: Friends from Xi’s Formative Years).” China Leadership Monitor, no. 44 (2014): 1–22. https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/research/docs/clm44cl.pdf.
• Li, Guirong, Jiajia Xu, Liying Li, Zhaolei Shi, Hongmei Yi, James Chu, Elena Kardanova, Yanyan Li, Prashant Loyalka, and Scott Rozelle. “The Impacts of Highly Resourced Vocational Schools on Student Outcomes in China.” China and World Economics 28, no. 6 (2020): 125–50.
• Li, Ling. “Politics of Anticorruption in China: Paradigm Change of the Party’s Disciplinary Regime 2012–2017.” Journal of Contemporary China 28, no. 115 (2019): 47–63.
• Li, Shi, Hiroshi Sato, and Terry Sicular, eds. Rising Inequality in China: Challenges to a Harmonious Society. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
• Li, Shi, Terry Sicular, and Finn Tarp. “Inequality in China: Development, Transition, and Policy.” WIDER Working Paper No. 2018/174, United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki, December 2018. https://doi.org/10.35188/UNU-WIDER/2018/616-6.
• Lim, Darren J., Victor A. Ferguson, and Rosa Bishop. “Chinese Outbound Tourism as an Instrument of Economic Statecraft.” Journal of Contemporary China 29, no. 126 (2020): 916–33.
• Lin, Qianhan, and Wei-Jun Yeung. “Beyond the Middle-School Gates: The Urban-Rural Divergence of School-Work Paths of China’s Youth.” In Social Inequality in China, edited by Yaojun Li and Yanjie Bian, 185–208. London: World Scientific Publishing, 2023.
• Ling, Minhua. The Inconvenient Generation: Migrant Youth Coming of Age on Shanghai’s Edge. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2019.
• Linz, Juan J., and Alfred Stepan. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
• Lipsky, Michael. Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1980.
• Liu, Fu-Kuo. “Ma Ying-jeou’s Rapprochement Policy: Cross-strait Progress and Domestic Constraints.” In Political Changes under Ma Ying-jeou: Partisan Conflict, Policy Choices, External Constraints and Security Challenges, edited by Jean-Pierre Cabestan and Jacques deLisle, 175–94. New York: Routledge, 2014.
• Liu, Qing. “Liberalism in the Chinese Context: Potential and Predicaments.” Translated by Matthew Galway and Lu Hua. In Voices from the Chinese Century: Public Intellectual Debate from Contemporary China, edited by Timothy Cheek, David Ownby, and Joshua A. Fogel, 45–71. New York: Columbia University Press, 2020.
• Liu, Tao, and Qiujie Shi. “Acquiring a Beijing Hukou: Who Is Eligible and Who Is Successful?” China Quarterly, no. 243 (2020): 855–68.
• Liu, Xiaobo. Zhongguo dangdai zhengzhi yu zhongguo zhishifenzi (Chinese contemporary politics and Chinese intellectuals). 1990. Reprint, Taipei: Tonsan Publications, 2010.
• Looney, Kristen E. “China’s Campaign to Build a New Socialist Countryside: Village Modernization, Peasant Councils, and the Ganzhou Model of Rural Development.” China Quarterly, no. 224 (2015): 909–32.
• ________. Mobilizing for Development: The Modernization of Rural East Asia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2020.
• Lorentzen, Peter. “Regularizing Rioting: Permitting Public Protest in an Authoritarian Regime.” Quarterly Journal of Political Science 8, no. 2 (February 2013): 127–58.
• Loyalka, Prashant, Xiaoting Huang, Linxin Zhang, Jianguo Wei, Hongmei Yi, Yingqua Song, Yaojiang Shi, and James Chu. “The Impact of Vocational Schooling on Human Capital in Developing Countries: Evidence from China.” World Bank Economic Review 30, no. 1 (2015): 143–70.
• Luo, Chuliang, Shi Li, and Terry Sicular. “The Long-Term Evolution of Income Inequality and Poverty in China.” WIDER Working Paper No. 2018/153, United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki, December 2018. https://doi.org/10.35188/UNU-WIDER/2018/595-4.
• Luo, Chuliang, Terry Sicular, and Shi Li. “Overview: Incomes and Inequality in China, 2007–2013.” In Changing Trends in China’s Inequality: Evidence, Analysis, and Prospects, edited by Terry Sicular, Shi Li, Ximing Yue, and Hiroshi Sato, 35–74. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020.
• Luo, Chuliang, Xu Zhang, and Shouwei Li. “Zhongguo jumin shouru chaju biandong fenxi (2013–2018)” (An analysis of changes in the extent of income disparity in China [2013–2018]). Social Sciences in China, no. 1 (2021): 33–54.
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