Bibliography

Abe Takeo. 1956. Chugokujin no tenka kannen (Chinese concept of “All under Heaven”). Kyoto: Doshisha University Press.
Ahern, Emily M. 1981. Chinese Ritual and Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Alford, William. 1984. “Of Arsenic and Old Laws: Looking Anew at Criminal Justice in Late Imperial China.” California Law Review 72:1180–254.
________. 1986a. “The Inscrutable Occidental? Implications of Roberto Unger’s Uses and Abuses of the Chinese Past.” Texas Law Review 64:915–72.
________. 1986b. “On the Limits of ‘Grand Theory’ in Comparative Law.” Washington Law Review 61:945–56.
________. 1997. “Law, Law, What Law? Why Western Scholars of Chinese History and Society Have Not Had More to Say about Its Law.” Modern China 23(4): 398–419.
Anderson, Perry. 1974. Lineages of the Absolutist State. London: New Left Books.
Andrew, Anita. 1991. “Zhu Yuanzhang and the Great Warning (Yuzhi dagao): Autocracy and Rural Reform in the Early Ming.” PhD diss., University of Minnesota.
Bailey, Anne M., and Joseph R. Llobera, eds. 1981. The Asiatic Mode of Production: Science and Politics. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Ban Gu. 1962. Hanshu (History of the Han dynasty). 12 vols. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Barfield, Thomas J. 1989. The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China. Cambridge, Mass.: Basil Blackwell.
Bell, Catherine. 1989. “Religion and Chinese Culture: Toward an Assessment of ‘Popular Religion,’” History of Religions 29(1): 35–57.
________. 1992. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
________. 1997. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press.
Benson, Purnell Handy. 1960. Religion in Contemporary Culture: A Study of Religion through Social Science. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Benz, Ernst. 1959. “On Understanding Non-Christian Religions.” In The History of Religions: Essays in Methodology, ed. Mircea Eliade and Joseph M. Kitagawa, 115–31. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Berling, Judith. 1998. “Taoism in Ming Culture.” In CHC8, 953–86.
Berman, Harold J. 1974. The Interaction of Law and Religion. Nashville: Abingdon Press.
________. 1983. Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
________. 1993. Faith and Order: The Reconciliation of Law and Order. Atlanta: Scholars Press.
Bernhardt, Kathryn, and Philip Huang, eds. 1994. Civil Law in Qing and Republican China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Bielenstein, Hans. 1986. “Wang Mang, the Restoration of the Han Dynasty, and Later Han.” In The Cambridge History of China, The Ch’ing and Han Empires, 221 B.C.–A.D. 220, ed. Denis Twitchett and Michael Loewe, 1:223–90. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Birge, Bettine. 1995. “Levirate Marriage and the Revival of Widow Chastity in Yüan China.” Asia Major 8(2): 107–46.
________. 2002. Women, Property, and Confucian Reaction in Sung and Yüan China (960–1368). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Bodde, Derk. 1957. “Needham on Chinese Philosophy and Science.” JAS 16:261–72.
________. 1979. “Chinese ‘Laws of Nature’: A Reconsideration.” HJAS 39:139–55.
________. 1981. Essays on Chinese Civilization. Ed. and intro. by Charles Le Blanc and Dorothy Borei. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Bodde, Derk, and Clarence Morris. 1967. Law in Imperial China: Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing Dynasty Cases. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Brook, Timothy. 1997. “At the Margin of Public Authority: The Ming State and Buddhism.” In Culture and State in Chinese History: Conventions, Accommodations, and Critiques, ed. Theodore Huters, R. Bin Wong, and Pauline Yu, 161–81. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
________. 1998. The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
________, ed. 1989. The Asiatic Mode of Production in China. New York: M. E.Sharpe.
Chan Hok-lam. 1969. “The White Lotus–Maitreya Doctrine and Popular Uprisings in Ming and Ch’ing China.” Sinologica 10(4): 211–33.
________. 1973. “Chang Chung and His Prophecy: The Transmission of the Legend of an Early Ming Taoist.” Oriens Extremus 20(1): 65–102.
________. 1975a. “The Rise of Ming T’ai–tsu: Facts and Fictions in Early Ming Historiography.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 95(4): 679–715.
________. 1975b. “Two Ming Biographies.” Renditions 4: 83–95.
________. 1988. “The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsuan-te Reigns, 1399–1435.” In CHC7, 182–304.
________. 1995. “Ming T’ai-tsu’s Manipulation of Letters: Myth and Reality of Literary Persecution.” Journal of Asian History 29(1): 1–60.
Chan Wing-tsit. 1963. A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
________. 1970. “The Ch’eng-Chu School of Early Ming.” In Self and Society in Ming Thought, ed. Wm. Theodore de Bary, 29–51. New York: Columbia University Press.
Chen Peng. 1990. Zhongguo hunyin shigao (History of marriage in China). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Ch’en, Kenneth K. S. 1964. Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
________. 1973. The Chinese Transformation of Buddhism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Ch’en Ku-yuan. 1969. Zhongguo wenhua yu zhongguo faxi (Chinese culture and Chinese legal systems). Taiwan: Sanmin Shuju.
Ch’en, Paul Heng-chao. 1979. Chinese Legal Tradition under the Mongols: The Code of 1291 as Reconstructed. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Ch’en Wen-shih. 1966. Ming Hongwu Jiajing jian de haijin zhengce (The seafaring prohibition policy in the early Ming dynasty). Taipei: Jinghua Yinshuguan.
Ching, Julia. 1997. Mysticism and Kingship in China: The Heart of Chinese Wisdom. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Chiu, Milton M. 1984. The Tao of Chinese Religion. New York: University Press of America.
Ch’iu Chung-lin. 2005. “Jinglao shi suoyi jianlao—Mingdai xiangyinjiu li de bianqian jiqi yu difang shehui de hudong” (Veneration degrades into denigration: The permutation of the Ming dynasty community drinking rituals and their interplay with local society). Zhongyang yanjiuyuan lishi yuyan yanjiusuo jikan 76(1): 1–79.
Chunqiu Gongyang zhuan zhushu (Gongyang commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals). In SSJZS, 2189–355.
Ch’ü T’ung-tsu. 1961. Law and Society in Traditional China. Paris: Mouton.
Clark, Donald Neil. 1998. “Sino–Korean Tributary Relations under the Ming.” In CHC8, 272–300.
Cohen, Jerome A. 1979. “Due Process?” In The China Difference, ed. Ross Terrill, 237–59. New York: Harper Colophon Books.
Cohen, Jerome A., R. Randle Edwards, and Fu Mei Chang Chen, eds. 1980. Essays on China’s Legal Tradition. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Cohen, Paul A. 1984. Discovering History in China: American Historical Writing on the Recent Chinese Past. New York: Columbia University Press.
Collins, Steven. 1997. “The Body in Theravada Buddhist Monasticism.” In Religion and the Body, ed. Sarah Coakley, 185–204. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Da Ming lüli juhui xizhu (Collected explications to key matters in The great Ming code). Ming edition. Hishi copy at Princeton University, Gest Library.
Da Ming lüshu fuli (The great Ming code with commentaries attached by regulations). 1568. Beiping Library rare books. Microfilm, Princeton University.
Da Ming qinglei tianwen fenye shu (Record of the purified categories of celestial and terrestrial regions of the great Ming). 1384. Microfilm, Princeton University.
Da Yuan shengzheng guochao dianzhang (The dynastic institutes of the great Yuan government). 1998. Photorpt. of Yuan edition. Beijing: Zhongguo Guangbo Dianshi Chubanshe.
Dalby, Michael. 1979. “Court Politics in Late T’ang Times.” In The Cambridge History of China, Sui and T’ang China, 589–906, Part I, ed. Denis Twitchett, 3:561–681. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Danjo Hiroshi. 1985. “Minsho ‘ku-in no an’ shōkō” (An investigation of the prestamped documents case in the early Ming). Sakai joshi tanki daigaku kiyō (1985[?]) 20:65–92. Reprint, Ronsetsu shiryō hozonkai, Kyugoku kanke-ronsetsu shiryō 27(3a): 194–208.
________. 2004. “Mindai kaikin gainen no seiiritsu to sono haikei” (The formation and background of the Ming dynasty concept of maritime exclusion). The Tōyōshi Kenkyū 63(3): 1–35.
Dardess, John W. 1970. “The Transformations of Messianic Revolt and the Founding of the Ming Dynasty.” JAS 29(3): 539–58.
________. 1974. “The Cheng Communal Family: Social Organization and Neo-Confucianism in Yüan and Early Ming.” HJAS 34:7–52.
________. 1978. “Ming T’ai–tsu on the Yüan: An Autocrat’s Assessment of the Mongol Dynasty.” Bulletin of Sung and Yüan Studies 14:6–11.
________. 1983. Confucianism and Autocracy: Professional Elites in the Founding of the Ming Dynasty. Berkeley: University of California Press.
De Bary, Wm. Theodore. 1981. Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy and the Learning of the Mind-and-Heart. New York: Columbia University Press.
De Heer, Ph. 1986. The Care-Taker Emperor: Aspects of the Imperial Institution in Fifteenth-Century China as Reflected in the Political History of the Reign of Chu Ch’i-yü. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Deane, Thatcher E. 1994. “Instruments and Observation at the Imperial Astronomical Bureau during the Ming dynasty.” Osiris 9:126–40.
Deng Shilong, ed. 1993. Guochao diangu (Documents of the Ming dynasty). Edited by Xu Daling and Wang Tianyou. Beijing: Peking University Press.
DeVos, George A., and Takao Sofue, eds. 1984. Religion and Family in East Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Dikötter, Frank. 1992. The Discourse of Race in Modern China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Dong Yu. 1599. Da Ming lüli zhushi xiangxing bingjian (Lucid commentary on the Great Ming Code and Regulations). Hishi copy at Princeton University, Gest Library.
Douglas, Mary. 1991. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. 1966. Reprint, New York: Routledge.
Dreyer, Edward L. 1982. Early Ming China: A Political History. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
________. 1988. “Military Origins of Ming China.” In CHC7, 58–106.
Durkheim, Emile. 1915. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. London: G. Allen & Unwin.
Edwards, R. Randle. 1980. “Ch’ing Legal Jurisdiction over Foreigners.” In Essays on China’s Legal Tradition, ed. Jerome A. Cohen et al., 222–69.
Eisenstadt, S. N. 1958. “The Study of Oriental Despotisms as Systems of Total Power.” JAS 17(3): 435–46.
________. 1983. This-Worldly Transcendentalism and the Structuring of the World: Weber’s Religion of China and the Format of Chinese History and Civilization. Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Eliade, Mircea, ed. 1987. The Encyclopedia of Religion. New York: Macmillan.
Ellul, Jacques. 1960. The Theological Foundation of Law. Trans. Marguerite Wieser. New York: Doubleday.
Elvin, Mark. 1984. “Female Virtue and the State in China,” Past and Present 104:111–52.
Eno, Robert. 1990. The Confucian Creation of Heaven: Philosophy and the Defense of Ritual Mastery. Albany: SUNY Press.
Fairbank, John K. 1976. The United States and China. 4th edition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
________, ed. 1968a. The Chinese World Order: Traditional China’s Foreign Relations. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
________. 1968b. “A Preliminary Framework.” In Fairbank 1968a, 1–19.
Fang Linggui, ed. 2001. Tongzhi tiaoge jiaozhu (Comprehensive institutes and itemized regulations, a collation and annotation). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Fang Xuanling et al. 1974. Jinshu (Jin history). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Farmer, Edward L. 1976. Early Ming Government: The Evolution of Dual Capitals. Cambridge, Mass.: East Asian Research Center, Harvard University.
________. 1989. “The Prescriptive State: Social Legislation in the Early Ming Dynasty,” Proceedings on the Second International Conference on Sinology [Section on Ming Ching and Modern History],” 161–87. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
________. 1990. “Social Regulations of the First Ming Emperor: Orthodoxy as a Function of Authority.” In Orthodoxy in Late Imperial China, ed. Kwang-ching Liu, 103–25. Berkeley: University of California Press.
________. 1993. “The Great Ming Commandment (Ta Ming Ling): An Inquiry into Early-Ming Social Legislation.” Asia Major 3rd. 6(1): 181–99.
________. 1995. Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation: The Reordering of Chinese Society Following the Era of Mongol Rule. New York: E. J. Brill.
Feuchtwang, Stephan. 1974. “Domestic and Communal Worship in Taiwan.” In Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society, ed. Arthur Wolf, 105–29.
Franke, Wolfgang. 1968. An Introduction to the Sources of Ming History. Kuala Lumpur, Singapore: University of Malaya Press.
Fu Yiling. 1963. “Guanyu Mingchu Hu Lan zhi yu de fenxi” (An analysis regarding the Hu-Lan cases in the early Ming). Xiamen daxue xuebao (April): 41–56.
Gao Feng. 1999. “Yanjiu faxian Nanjing chengqiang cheng ‘nandou beidou’ juhexing buju” (Research discovery: City walls of Nanjing display the shapes of “the Southern Dipper and the Big Dipper”). In Guangming ribao, 8 May, 1.
Gao Ju. 1969. Da Ming lü jijie fuli (The great Ming code with commentaries attached by regulations). 5 vols. Taipei: Chengwen Chubanshe.
Ge Yinliang. [1607] 1980. Jinling fancha zhi (Record of the Buddhist temples in Nanjing). Zhongguo foshi shizhi huikan edition, 1st ser., vols. 3–5. Taibei: Mingwen Shuju.
Geertz, Clifford. 1966. “Religion as a Cultural System.” Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion, ed. Michael Banton, 1–46. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gernet, Jacques. 1990. China and the Christian Impact: A Conflict of Cultures. Trans. Janet Lloyd. 1982. Reprint, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Giersch, C. Pat. 2001. “‘A Motley Throng’: Social Change on Southwest China’s Early Modern Frontier, 1700–1880.” JAS 60(1): 67–94.
Gong Ju. Da Ming longtou biandu pangxun lüfa quanshu (Complete encyclopedia of the law, The great Ming code, convenient handbook for enlightened judges). Ming edition. Hishi copy at Princeton University, Gest Library.
Gong Yin. 1992. Zhongguo tusi zhidu (Chinese aboriginal office system). Kunming, China: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.
Goodrich, L. Carrington, and Chaoying Fang, eds. 1976. Dictionary of Ming Biography. New York: Columbia University Press.
Gove, Philip Bacock, ed. 1986. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary. Springfield, Mass: Merriam-Webster.
Graham, A. C. 1986. Yin-Yang and the Nature of Correlative Thinking. Singapore: Institute of East Asian Philosophies.
Guan Wenfa and Yan Guangwen. 1996. Mingdai zhengzhi zhidu yanjiu (A study of political systems in the Ming). Beijing: Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe.
Guisso, Richard W. 1981. “Thunder over the Lake: The Five Classics and the Perception of Woman in Early China.” In Women in China: Current Directions in Historical Scholarship, ed. Richard Guisso and Stanley Johannesen, 47–61. New York: Philo Press.
Guo Peng. 1982. Ming Qing fojiao (Buddhism in the Ming and Qing). Fuzhou: Fujian Renmin Chubanshe.
Guochu lixian lu (Treating worthy men with courtesy in the early dynasty). 1993. In Guochao diangu, ed. Deng Shilong, 115–26.
Hall, David L., and Roger T. Ames. 1998. Thinking from the Han: Self, Truth, and Transcendence in Chinese and Western Culture. Albany: SUNY Press.
Han Yulin, ed. 1999. Zhongguo fazhi tongshi (Chinese legal history). Vol. 6, Yuan. Beijing: Falü Chubanshe.
Harrell, Stevan. 1974. “When a Ghost Becomes a God.” In Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society, ed. Arthur P. Wolf, 193–206.
________, ed. 1995. Cultural Encounters on China’s Ethnic Frontiers. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Harrell, Stevan, and Elizabeth Perry. 1982. “Syncretic Sects in Chinese Society: An Introduction.” Modern China 8(3): 283–303.
Hay, John, ed. 1994. Boundaries in China. London: Reaktion Books.
He Guang. [1386] 2002. Lüjie bianyi (Code with commentaries and explication of questions). Edited by Yang Yifan and Wu Yanhong. In Zhongguo zhenxi falü dianji xubian, ed. Yang Yifan and Tian Tao, 4: 1–296.
He Qiaoyuan. [1640] 1994–2002. Mingshan cang (Treasury of history). Vol. 425, Xuxiu Siku quanshu. Reprint, Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe.
He Xiaorong. 2000. Mingdai Nanjing siyuan yanjiu (A study of the monasteries during the Ming dynasty). Beijing: Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe.
Hegel, Georg. [1861?] 1956. The Philosophy of History. New York: Dover Publications.
Heijdra, Martin. 1998. “The Socio-economic Development of Rural China during the Ming.” In CHC8, 417–578.
Herman, John. 1997. “Empire in the Southwest: Early Qing Reforms to the Native Chieftain System.” JAS 56(1): 47–74.
Ho Peng-Yoke. 1969. “The Astronomical Bureau in Ming China.” Journal of Asian History 3:137–57.
Ho Yun-yi. 1978. “Ideological Implications of Major Sacrifices in Early Ming.” Ming Studies 6:55–73.
Holmgren, Jennifer. 1986. “Observations on Marriage and Inheritance Practices in Early Mongol and Yuan Society, with Particular Reference to the Levirate.” Journal of Asian History 20:127–92.
Hooper, Walter. 1987. “Religion.” In The Encyclopedia of Religion, ed. Mircea Eliade, 12:282–93. New York: Macmillan.
Hou Wailu, Chao Jibin, and Du Guoqiang. 1957. Zhongguo sixiang tongshi (A comprehensive history of Chinese philosophy). Beijing: Renmin Chubanshe.
Hou Wailu, Qiu Hansheng, and Zhang Qizhi, eds. 1987. Song Ming lixue shi (A history of Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism). 2 vols. Beijing: Renmin Chubanshe.
Howland, D. R. 1996. Borders of Chinese Civilization: Geography and History at Empire’s End. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
Hsu Dau-lin. 1970. “Crime and Cosmic Order.” HJAS 30:111–25.
Huang Bosheng. [1383] 1991. “Gu Chengyibo Liugong xingzhuang” (A brief biography of the late Mr. Liu). In Chengyibo wenji (Collected writings of Liu Ji), by Liu Ji, 479–485. Shanghai: Shanghai Guji Chubanshe.
Huang Chang-chien. 1977a. “Da Ming lü gao kao” (An investigation on The great Ming code_with pronouncements). In Ming Qing shi yanjiu conggao (Draft studies on the Ming and Qing histories), juan 2, ed. Huang Zhangjian, 155–207. Taiwan: Shangwu Yinshuguan.
________. 1977b. “Lüjie bianyi, Da Ming lü zhijie ji Ming lü jijie fuli sanshu suozai Ming lü zhi bijiao yanjiu” (A comparative study on the Ming code which is seen in the three books The Code with explanations and answers to questions, The great Ming code with directed explanations, and The Ming code with commentaries and regulations attached). In Ming Qing shi yanjiu conggao, 208–36.
________. 1977c. “Ming Hongwu Yongle chao de bangwen junling” (The placards and harsh regulations in the Ming Hongwu and Yongle reigns). In Ming Qing shi yanjiu conggao, 237–86.
________, ed. 1962. Da Ming Taizu Gao Huangdi shilu (Veritable records of the great Ming Taizu). 8 vols. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
Huang Jin. [1512] 1991. Huang Ming kaiguo gongchen zhuan (Biographies of the meritorious officials in founding the dynasty of the august Ming). In Mingdai zhuanji congkan (Biographical Collections of the Ming Dynasty), ed. Zhou Junfu. Taipei: Mingwen Shuju.
Huang Jingfang. 2002. Guoshi weiyi (Casting doubts on the Dynastic history). Shanghai: Shanghai Guji Chubanshe.
Huang, Ray. 1998. “The Ming Fiscal Administration.” In CHC8, 106–71.
Huanlun. 1992. Shishi jigu lüe xuji (Annals of the Buddhist priests, sequel). Yangzhou: Jiangsu guangling keyinshe.
Hucker, Charles O. 1966. The Censorial System of Ming China. Stanford: Stanford University
________. 1978. The Ming Dynasty: Its Origins and Evolving Institutions. Michigan Papers in Chinese Studies, no. 34. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan.
________. 1985. A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
________. 1998. “Ming Government.” In CHC8, 9–105.
________, ed. 1969. Chinese Government in Ming Times: Seven Studies. New York: Columbia University Press.
Huo Yuanjie. [1382] 1993. Huayi yiyu (Chinese-Mongolian Dictionary). In Guochao diangu, ed. Deng Shilong, 2269–88.
Jiang Xiaoyuan. 1992. Xingzhanxue yu chuantong wenhua (Astrology and traditional culture). Shanghai: Shanghai Guji Chubanshe.
Jiang Yonglin. 1988. “Mingchu yifa zhili qingzhong kao” (A study of legal control of government officials in the early Ming dynasty). In Huadong zhengfa xueyuan yanjiusheng lunwenji (Collected articles by the graduate students of East China Institute of Politics and Law), ed. Shi Huanzhang, 154–67. Shanghai: Shanghai Shehui Kexue Chubanshe.
________. 1997a. “The Great Ming Code: A Cosmological Instrument for Transforming ‘All Under Heaven.’” PhD diss., University of Minnesota.
________. 1997b. “Zhu Yuanzhang fazhexue guan shixi” (Zhu Yuanzhang’s philosophical views on law). In Ming shi lunwenji (Collected articles on the Ming Dynasty), ed. Chen Huairen, 664–81. Hefei: Huangshan Shushe.
________. 2000. “Defending the Dynastic Order at the Local Level: Central-Local Relations as Seen in a Late-Ming Magistrate’s Enforcement of the Law.” Ming Studies 43:16–39.
________. 2002. “Lun Zhonghua diguo falü de zongjiao tezheng: Yi Mingchu falü wenhua weili” (The religiousness of Chinese imperial law: Exemplified by the legal culture during the early Ming). Ming Qing luncong (Studies on the Ming and Qing) 3:52–86.
________. 2005. Great Ming Code/Da Ming lü. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
________. 2008. “For Education’s Sake: The Making of the Religious Body in Early Ming Legal Culture.” Ming Studies 57:24–61.
Jiao Hong. 1596. Biaolü panxue xiangshi (Explication of the Code and verdicts). Hishi copy at Princeton University, Gest Library.
________. [1594–1616] 1965. Guochao xianzheng lu (Record of the dynastic worthies). Taipei: Taiwan Xuesheng Shuju.
Johnson, David, Andrew J. Nathan, and Evelyn S. Rawski, eds. 1985. Popular Culture in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Johnson, Wallace, tr. 1979, 1997. The T’ang Code. 2 vols. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Kelly, John Maurice. 1992. A Short History of Western Legal Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kelly, Liam. 2005. Beyond the Bronze Pillars: Envoy Poetry and the Sino-Vietnamese Relationship. Honolulu: Association for Asian Studies and University of Hawaii Press.
Kim, Ha-tai. 1977. “The Religious Dimensions of Neo-Confucianism.” Philosophy East and West 27:337–48.
Ko, Dorothy. 1994. Teachers of the Inner Chambers. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Ko Sa-Kyong and Kim Chi, eds. [1395] 1994. Taemyong yul chehae (The great Ming code directly explicated). In Zhongguo zhenxi falü dianji jiceng, 2d ser., ed. Liu Hainian and Yang Yifan, 1:397–632.
Kuang Fan. [1593–(?)] 1959. Bianmin tuzuan (Illustrated compendium for the convenience of the masses). Edited by Shi Shenghan and Kang Chengyi. Beijing: Nongye Chubanshe.
Kutcher, Norman. 1999. Mourning in Late Imperial China: Filial Piety and the State. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lancaster, Lewis R. 1984. “Buddhism and Family in East Asia.” In Religion and the Family in East Asia. Edited by George A. DeVos and Takao Sofue, 139–51. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Langlois, John D., Jr. 1981b. “Political Thought in Chin-hua under Mongol Rule.” In China Under Mongol Rule, ed. John Langlois, 137–85.
________. 1988. “The Hung-wu Reign, 1368–1398.” In CHC7, 107–81.
________. 1998. “Ming Law.” In CHC8, 172–220.
________, ed. 1981a. China under Mongol Rule. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Langlois, John D., Jr., and Sun K’o-k’uan. 1983. “Three Teachings Syncretism and the Thought of Ming T’ai-tsu.” HJAS 43(1): 97–139.
Lattimore, Owen. 1951. Inner Asian Frontiers of China. 2d edition. Boston: Beacon Press.
Legge, James, tr. 1960. The Chinese Classics. 5 vols. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
________, trans. 1967. Li Ki, Book of Rites. 2 vols., ed. Ch’u Chai and Winberg Chai. New Hyde Park, N.Y.: University Books.
Lei Minglin. [1563] 2000. Du lü suoyan (Miscellaneous notes on reading the code). Ed. Huai Xiaofeng. Beijing: Falü Chubanshe.
Lewis, Mark Edward. 1999. “Warring States: Political History.” In The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 B.C. Edited by Michael Loewe and Edward Shaughnessy, 587–650. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Li Lung-hua. 1993. “Mingdai tusi zhengce xilun” (An analysis of the Ming policies over tribal offices). Dalu zazhi (Taipei) 86(1): 1–12.
Li Shou-k’ung. 1968. “Mingdai Bailian jiao kaolüe” (A brief investigation of the White Lotus Society in the Ming dynasty). In the Journal of wen shi zhe, no. 4. (Taiwan University), 1952. In Mingdai zongjiao (Religions in the Ming dynasty), ed. Bao Zunpeng, 17–47. Reprint, Taiwan: Xuesheng Shuju.
Li Xian. [1461] 1990. Da Ming yitong zhi (General gazetteer of the great Ming). Reprint, Shaanxi: Sanqin Chubanshe.
Li Yumin, ed. 1985. Ming shi renming suoyin (Index to names in the Ming History). 2 vols. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Liang Zhiping. 1988. “Explicating ‘Law’: A Comparative Perspective on Chinese and Western Legal Culture.” Journal of Chinese Law 3:55–91.
________. 2002. Xunqiu ziran zhixu zhong de hexie (Seeking harmony in the natural order). Beijing: Zhongguo Zhengfa Daxue Chubanshe.
Liang Zhiping, Qi Haibin, et al. 1988. Xin Bosiren xinzha (New Persian letters). Guiyang: Guizhou Renmin Chubanshe.
Liji zhengyi (Commentaries on Book of rites). In SSJZS, 1221–696.
Liu Chen. 1993. Guochu shiji (Early events of the dynasty). In Guochao diangu, ed. Deng Shilong, 67–114.
Liu Hainian and Yang Yifan, eds. 1994. Zhongguo zhenxi falü dianji jiceng (Rare Chinese legal documents). 14 vols. Beijing: Kexue Chubanshe.
Liu I-t’ang. 1969. Zhongguo bianjiang minzu shi (A history of nationalities on Chinese frontiers). Taipei: Chung Hwa Book Company.
Liu Ji. 1967. Chengyibo wenji (Collected writings of Liu Ji). Guoxue jiben congshu edition. Taipei: Shangwu yinshuguan.
Liu Junwen, ed. 1983. Tanglü shuyi (The Tang code with commentaries). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
________, ed. 1996. Tanglü shuyi jianjie (Explanations to the Tang code with commentaries). 2 vols. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Liu Yongping. 1998. Origins of Chinese Law: Penal and Administrative Law in Its Early Development. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lo Jung-pang. 1970. “Intervention in Vietnam: A Case Study of the Foreign Policy of the Early Ming Government.” Tsing-hua xuebao, n.s., 8(1/2): 154–85.
Long Wenbin. 1956. Ming huiyao (Collected institutes of the Ming). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Lu Can. [1520?] 1987. Gengsi bian (Miscellaneous notes). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Lunyu zhushu (Commentaries on the Analects). In SSJZS, 2453–536.
Ma Chor Kin. 1994. “Ming Taizu dui daojiao de taidu jiqi dui sanjiao heyi de zhuiqiu” (Ming Taizu’s attitude towards Daoism and his pursuit of the unity of the three teachings). Mingshi yanjiu 4:157–66.
MacCormack, Geoffrey. 1989. “Natural Law and Cosmic Harmony in Traditional Chinese Legal Thought.” Ratio Juris 2(3): 254–73.
________. 1990. Traditional Chinese Penal Law. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Mano Senryu. 1979. Mindai bunkashi kenkyu (A study of cultural history in the Ming dynasty). Kyoto: Dohosha.
Mao Shi zhengyi (Mao’s Commentaries on the Book of poetry). In SSJZS, 259–629.
Martinez, Oscar. 1994. Border People: Life and Society in the U.S.–Mexico Borderlands. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Marx, Karl. 1957. K. Marx and F. Engels on Religion. Moscow: Foreign Languages Press.
Massey, Thomas Pierce. 1983. “Chu Yüan-chang and the Hu-Lan cases of the Early Ming Dynasty.” PhD diss., University of Michigan.
McKown, Delos Banning. 1975. The Classical Marxist Critiques of Religion: Marx, Engels, Lenin, Kautsky. The Hague: Martinns Nijhoff.
Meng Sen. 1981. Ming Qing shi jiangyi (Lectures on Ming and Qing history). 2 vols. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Ming jili (Collected rituals of the great Ming). 1370, 1530. In Wenyuange Siku quanshu, electronic edition. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
Mizoguchi Yuzo. 1993. “Tenrikan no seiritsu ni tsuite” (On the formation of the concept of the Heavenly Principle). Tōhōgaku 86:1–20.
Montesquieu, Charles. 1990. Selected Political Writings. Edited, with a new introduction and preface by Melvin Richter. Indianapolis: Hachett.
Mote, F. W. 1961. “The Growth of Chinese Despotism: A Critique of Wittfogel’s Theory of Oriental Despotism as Applied to China.” Oriens Extremus 8:1–41.
________. 1962. The Poet Kao Ch’i, 1336–1374. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
________. 1977. “The Transformation of Nanking, 1350–1400.” In The City in Late Imperial China, ed. G. William Skinner, 101–53.
________. 1988. “The Ch’eng-hua and Hung-chih reigns, 1465–1505.” In CHC7, 343–402.
________. 1999. Late Imperial China: 900–1800. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Mote, F. W., and Denis Twitchett, eds. 1988. The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, pt 1. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mou Zhongjian, and Zhang Jian. 2003. Zhongguo zongjiao tongshi (A general history of Chinese religions). Beijing: Shehui Kexue Wenxian Chubanshe.
Munro, Donald. 1969. The Concept of Man in Early China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
________, ed. 1985. Individualism and Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist Values. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan.
Naito Kenjichi. 1963. “Dai Min ryo kaisetsu” (An explanation of the Great Ming commandment). In Chugoku hoseishi kosho (Chinese legal history, studies on evidence), 90–116. Tokyo: Yuhikaku.
Needham, Josheph. 1956. History of Scientific Thought. Vol. 2, Science and Civilisation in China. New York: Cambridge University Press.
________. 1959. Mathematics and the Science of the Heavens and the Earth. Vol. 3, Science and Civilisation in China. New York: Cambridge University Press.
________. 1975. “The Cosmology of Early China.” In Ancient Cosmologies, ed. Carmen Black and Michael Loewe, 87–109. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Ocko, Jonathan. 1997. “A Review of Geoffrey MacCormack, The Spirit of Traditional Chinese Law.” McGill Law Journal 42:733–50.
Ogyu Sorai. 1966. Ritsurei taishō teihon Min ritsu kokuji kai (Commentaries on The Ming Code). Edited by Uchida Tomoo and Hihara Toshikuni. Tokyo: Sobunsha.
Overmyer, Daniel L. 1976. Folk Buddhist Religion: Dissenting Sects in Late Traditional China. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
________. 1981. “Alternatives: Popular Religious Sects in Chinese Society.” Modern China (April) 7(2): 153–90.
________. 1989–90. “Attitudes toward Popular Religion in Ritual Texts of the Chinese State: The Collected Statutes of the Great Ming.” Cahiers d’Extreme-Asie 5:191–221.
Ozaki, Masaharu. 1984. “The Taoist Priesthood: From Tsai-chia to Ch’u-chia.” In Religion and the Family in East Asia, ed. George A. DeVos and Takao Sofue, 97–109.
Pan Chengzhang. 1968. Guoshi kaoyi (Discrepancies in the dynastic history). In Mingshi kaozheng juewei, ed. Bao Zunpeng, 35–188. Taipei: Taiwan Xuesheng Shuju.
Pankenier, David W. 1995. “The Cosmo-Political Background of Heaven’s Mandate.” Early China 20:121–76.
Peerenboom, R. P. 1993. Law and Morality in Ancient China: The Silk Manuscripts of Huang-Lao. New York: SUNY Press.
________. 2002. “Law and Religion in Early China.” In Religion, Law and Tradition, ed. Andrew Huxley, 84–107. New York: Routledge Curzon.
Peng Yingbi. Xingshu juhui (Essentials of the penal law). Ming Wanli edition. Hishi copy at Princeton University, Gest Library.
Pfeffer, Richard M. 1970. “Crime and Punishment: China and the United States.” In Contemporary Chinese Law: Research Problems and Perspectives, ed. Jerome Cohen, 261–81. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970.
Prescott, J. R. V. 1987. Political Frontiers and Boundaries. London: Unwin Hyman.
Qian Qianyi. [1643] 1985. “Taizu shilu bianzheng” (A critical study of the Veritable Records of Taizu). In Muzhai chuxue ji (Collected early writings of Qian Qianyi), 2098–152. Shanghai: Shanghai Guji Chubanshe.
Qiao Wei. 1985. Tanglü yanjiu (A study of the Tang Code). Jinan: Shandong Renmin Chubanshe.
Raphals, Lisa. 1998. Sharing the Light: Representations of Women and Virtue in Early China. New York: SUNY Press.
Rapp, John. 1987. “Despotism and Leninist State Autonomy: The Chinese Asiatic Mode of Production Debates in Comparative Perspective.” PhD diss., University of Wisconsin.
Ratchnevsky, Paul. 1993. “Jurisdiction, Penal Code, and Cultural Confrontation under Mongol-Yüan Law.” Asia Major 6(1): 161–79.
Rawski, Evelyn. 1988. “A Historian’s Approach to Chinese Death Ritual.” In Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Modern China, ed. James Watson and Evelyn Rawski, 20–34.
Ren Jiyu. 1980. “Confucianism as a Religion.” Social Sciences in China 2:128–52.
Ren Ziyuan. [1431] 1999. Chijian Dayue Taiheshan zhi (Gazetteer of the Great Mountain Taihe). Ed. Yang Lizhi. Wuhan: Hubei Renmin Chubanshe.
Roberts, Keith A. 1984. Religion in a Sociological Perspective. Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey Press.
Ropp, Paul S., ed. 1990. Heritage of China: Contemporary Perspectives on Chinese Civilization. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Rosemont, Henry, Jr., ed. 1984. Explorations in Early Chinese Cosmology. California: Scholars Press.
Rossabi, Morris. 1975. China and Inner Asia: From 1368 to the Present Day. New York: Pica Press.
________. 1998. “The Ming and Inner Asia.” In CHC8, 221–71.
Rozman, Gilbert. 1981. The Modernization of China. New York: Free Press.
Ruan Yuan, ed. 1980. Shisan jing zhu shu (Thirteen classics with annotations and commentaries). 2 vols. Reprint, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Said, Edward W. 1979. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
Samaha, Joe. 1990. Criminal Law. 3rd ed. St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co.
Sangren, Steven. 1987. History and Magical Power in a Chinese Community. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Saso, Michael. 1997. “The Taoist Body and Cosmic Prayer.” In Religion and the Body, ed. Sarah Coakley, 231–47. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Schipper, Kristofer. 1978. “The Taoist Body.” History of Religions 17(3/4): 355–86.
________. 1993. The Taoist Body. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Schneewind, Sarah. 2001. “Visions and Revisions: Village Policies of the Ming Founder in Seven Phases.” T’oung Pao 87(4/5): 317–59.
Seidel, Anna. 1970. “A Taoist Immortal of the Ming Dynasty: Chang San-feng.” In Self and Society in Ming Thought, ed. Wm. Theodore de Bary, 483–531. New York: Columbia University Press.
Serruys, Henri. 1959. (Sino-Mongol Relations during the Ming. I) The Mongols in China during the Hung-wu Period (1368–1398). In Melanges Chinois et Bouddhiques, vol. 11, 1956–59. Bruxelles: l’Institut belge des hautes etudes chinoises.
________. 1975. “Sino–Mongol Trade during the Ming.” JAS 9(1): 34–56.
________. 1987. “Remains of Mongol Customs in China during the Early Ming Period.” In The Mongols and Ming China: Customs and History, ed. Francoise Aubin. London: Variorum Reprints.
Shangshu zhengyi (Commentary to the Book of documents). In SSJZS, 109–258.
Shen Defu. [1619] 1959. Wanli yehuobian (Various notes made during the Wanli reign). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Shen Jiefu, ed. [1617] 1994. Jilu huibian (Collected records). Reprint, Beijing: Quanguo Tushuguan Wenxian Suowei Fuzhi Zhongxin.
Shen Shixing, et al. [1587] 1989. Ming huidian (The collected institutions of the Ming). Reprint, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Shen Zhiqi. [1715] 2000. Da Qing lü jizhu (Collected commentaries on the Great Qing code). Edited by Huai Xiaofeng and Li Jun. Beijing: Falü Chubanshe.
Shin, Leo K. 2006. The Making of the Chinese State: Ethnicity and Expansion on the Ming Borderlands. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Skinner, G. William. 1964–65. “Marketing and Social Structure in rural China.” JAS 24(1): 3–43; 24(2): 195–228; 24(3): 363–99.
________. 1985. “Presidential Address: The Structure of Chinese History.” JAS 44(2): 271–92.
________, ed. 1977. The City in Late Imperial China. Stanford.: Stanford University Press.
Smith, Richard J. 1991. Fortune-tellers and Philosophers: Divination in Traditional Chinese Society. Boulder: Westview Press.
Som, Tjan Tjoe, trans. 1973. Po Hu T’ung and the Comprehensive Discussion in the White Tiger Hall. 2 vols. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Song Lian. 1968. Song xueshi wenji (Collected works of Academician Song). Guoxue Jiben Congshu edition, 2 vols. Taipei: Shangwu Yinshuguan.
________, ed. 1967. Hongwu shengzheng ji (Records of the imperial government of the Hongwu reign). In Ming Qing shiliao huibian (chuji), ed. Shen Yunlong, 1:3–45. Taipei: Wenhai Chubanshe.
Song Lian et al. [1370] 1976. Yuanshi (Yuan history). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Spiro, Melford E. 1966. “Religion: Problems of Definition and Explanation.” In Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion, ed. Michael Banton, 85–126.
Su Maoxiang. 1632. Da Ming lüli linmin baojing (Precious mirror for governing the people: The great Ming code with regulations). Hishi copy at Princeton University, Gest Library.
Tan Qian. 1958. Guo que (An Evaluation of the Events of Our Dynasty). Collated and punctuated by Zhang Zongxiang. Beijing: Guji Chubanshe.
T’ang Chün-i. 1962. “The T’ien Ming [Heavenly Ordinance] in Pre-Ch’in Ching.” Philosophy East and West 11(4): 195–218; 12(1): 29–49.
Tateno Masami. 1983. “Chugoku kodai ni okeru unme ron no keifu” (A historical research on a problem of destiny in ancient China). Tōhōgaku 66:18–31.
Taylor, Rodney L. 1990. The Religious Dimensions of Confucianism. Albany: SUNY Press.
Taylor, Romeyn. 1969. “Yüan Origins of the Wei-so System.” In Chinese Government in Ming Times: Seven Studies, ed. Charles Hucker, 23–40.
________. 1975. Basic Annals of Ming T’ai-tsu. San Francisco: Chinese Materials Center.
________. 1976. “Ming T’ai-tsu’s Story of a Dream.” Monumenta Serica 32:1–20.
________. 1977. “Ming T’ai-tsu and the Gods of the Walls and Moats.” Ming Studies 3:31–49.
________. 1989. “Chinese Hierarchy in Comparative Perspective.” JAS 48(3): 490–511.
________. 1990. “Official and Popular Religion and the Political Organization of Chinese Society in the Ming.” In Oxthodoxy in Late Imperial China, ed. Kwang-Ching Liu, 126–57. Berkeley: University of California Press.
________. 1993. “Da Ming huidian bianzuan zhong de yuzhouguan yu lishiguan,” (Worldview and History in the compilation of Collected Statutes of the Great Ming). In Dierjie Ming Qing shi guoji xueshu taolunhui lunwenji (Collected articles of the Second International Conference on Ming and Qing Histories), trans. Jiang Yonglin, 45–54. Tianjin: Tianjin Renmin Chubanshe.
________. 1997. “Official Altars, Temples and Shrines Mandated for All Counties in Ming and Qing.” T’oung Pao 83(1): 93–125.
________. 1998. “Official Religion in the Ming.” In CHC8, 840–92.
Teiser, Stephen. 1995. “Popular Religion.” JAS 54(2): 378–95.
T’ien Ju-k’ang. 1988. Male Anxiety and Female Chastity: A Comparative Study of Chinese Ethnical Values in Ming-Ch’ing Times. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Tu Wei-ming. 1988. Centrality and Commonality: An Essay on Confucian Religiousness. Albany: SUNY Press.
________. 1990. “The Confucian Tradition in Chinese History.” In Heritage of China:Contemporary Perspectives on Chinese Civilization, ed. Paul S. Ropp, 112–37. Turner, Karen. 1990. “Sage Kings and Laws in the Chinese and Greek Traditions.” Heritage of China: Contemporary Perspectives on Chinese Civilization, ed. Paul S. Ropp, 86–111.
________. 1993a. “Rule of Law Ideals in Early China?” Journal of Chinese Law 6:114.
________. 1993b. “War, Punishment, and the Law of Nature in Early Chinese Concepts of the State.” HJAS 53.2:285–324.
________. 1999. “The Criminal Body and the Body Politic: Punishments in Early Imperial China.” Cultural Dynamics 11(2): 237–54.
Twitchett, Denis. 1987. “Law and Religion in East Asia.” In ER, 8:469–72.
Twitchett, Denis, and F. W. Mote, eds. 1998. The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 8, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, pt. 2. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Tylor, Edward B. [1871] 1958. Religion in Primitive Culture. New York: Harper.
Unger, Roberto. 1976. Law in Modern Society. New York: Free Press.
Walker, Nigel. 1991. Why Punish? New York: Oxford University Press.
Waltner, Ann. 1996. “Breaking the Law: Family Violence, Gender and Hierarchy in the Legal Code of the Ming Dynasty.” Ming Studies 36:29–43.
Wang Chongwu. 1948. Ming benji jiaozhu (The basic annals of the Ming, collated and annotated). Shanghai: Shangwu Yinshuguan.
Wang, Edward. 1999. “History, Space, and Ethnicity: The Chinese Worldview.” Journal of World History 10(2): 285–305.
Wang Gungwu. 1968. “Early Ming Relations with Southeast Asia: A Background Essay.” In The Chinese World Order, ed. John K. Fairbank, 34–62.
________. 1998. “Ming Foreign Relations: Southeast Asia.” In CHC8, 301–32.
Wang I-t’ung. 1953. Official Relations between China and Japan, 1368–1549. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Wang Junhua. 1987. [Hongwu] Jingcheng tuzhi (Maps of the capital [during the Hongwu reign]). Ming edition. In Beijing tushuguan guji zhenben congkan, 24:1–31. Reprint, Beijing: Shumu Wenxian Chubanshe.
Wang Kentang. [1612] 2000. Wang Kentang jianshi (Commentaries by Wang Kentang). In Siku weishoushu jikan, ser. 1, 25:263–749. Beijing: Beijing Chubanshe.
Wang Qi, and Wang Siyi. [1909] 1988. Sancai tuhui (Illustrations and Explications of the three cosmic powers). Reprint, Shanghai: Shanghai Guji Chubanshe.
Wang Shihua. 1997. “Zhu Yuanzhang chengtan ‘baopi shicao’ zhiyi” (A query into the account that Zhu Yuanzhang used “skinning [officials] and stuffing the skin with straw” to punish corruption). Lishi yanjiu 2:156–59.
Wang Shizhen. 1994. Annan zhuan (Record of Annam). In Jilu huibian (Collected records), comp. Shen Jiefu, 439–54. Beijing: Quanguo Tushuguan Wenxian Suowei Fuzhi Zhongxin.
Wang Tianyou and Zhang Heqing, eds. [1393] 1991. Nichen lu (Record of rebellious ministers). Beijing: Peking University Press.
Wang Yanan. 1981. Zhongguo guanliao zhengzhi yanjiu (A study of Chinese bureaucracy). Beijing: Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe.
Watson, James L. 1985. “Standardizing the Gods: The Promotion of T’ien Hou (‘Empress of Heaven’) along the South China Coast, 960–1960.” In Popular Culture in Late Imperial China, ed. David Johnson et al., 292–324.
________. 1988. “Funeral Specialists in Cantonese Society: Pollution, Performance, and Social Hierarchy.” In Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Modern China, ed. James L. Watson and Evelyn Rawski, 109–63.
Watson, James L., and Evelyn Rawski, eds. 1988. Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Modern China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Watt, John R. 1972. The District Magistrate in Late Imperial China. New York: Columbia University Press.
Weber, Max. 1951. The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism. Trans. and ed. Hans H. Gerth. Glencoe, Ill: Free Press.
Wechsler, Howard J. 1985. Offerings of Jade and Silk: Ritual and Symbol in the Legitimation of the T’ang Dynasty. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Wei Zheng et. al. [656] 1973. Suishu (History of the Sui dynasty). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Weller, Robert. 1982. “Sectarian Religion and Political Action in China.” Modern China 8(4): 463–83.
Wheatley, Paul. 1971. The Pivot of the Four Quarters: A Preliminary Enquiry into the Origins and Character of the Ancient Chinese City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Whitmore, John K. 1985. Vietnam, Ho Quy Ly, and the Ming (1371–1421). New Haven: Yale Center for International and Area Studies.
Wiens, Herold J. 1967. Han Chinese Expansion in South China. Hamden, Conn.: Shoe String Press.
Williams, Paul. 1997. “Some Mahayana Buddhist Perspectives on the Body.” In Religion and the Body, ed. Sarah Coakley, 205–30. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Wittfogel, Karl A. 1957. Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Wolf, Arthur, ed. 1974a. Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
________. 1974b. “Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors.” In Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society, 131–82.
Wright, Arthur F. 1977. “The Cosmology of the Chinese City.” In The City in Late Imperial China, ed. G. William Skinner, 33–73.
Wu Han. 1961. “Mingjiao yu da Ming diguo” (Manichaeism and the great Ming empire). In Du shi zhaji (Notes in reading histories), 235–70. Beijing: Sanlian Shudian.
________. 1980. Zhu Yuangzhang zhuan (A biography of Zhu Yuanzhang). 1965. Reprint, Beijing: Shenghuo Dushu Zhishi Sanlian Shudian.
Wu, John C.H. 1962. “Chinese Legal and Political Philosophy.” In Philosophy and Culture East and West, ed. Charles A. Moore, 611–30. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Wu Yanhong. 2003. “Mingdai de falü yu yunzuo” (Law and its operation in the Ming). In Mingdai zhengzhi shi (Political history of the Ming), ed. Zhang Xianqing and Lin Jinshu, 659–745. Guilin: Guangxi Shifan Daxue Chubanshe.
Wu Yanhong and Jiang Yonglin. 2007. “The Emperor’s Four Bodies: Embodied Rulership and Legal Culture in Early Ming China.” Frontiers of History in China 2(1): 25–59.
Xia Xie. 1959. Ming tongjian (General history of the Ming). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Xiao Jingao. 1990. Xingtai falü (Laws for judicial offices). Reprint, Beijing: Zhongguo Shudian.
Xiaojing zhushu (Commentary to the Classic of filial piety). In SSJZS, 2537–62.
Xie Guian. 2003. Ming shilu yanjiu (A study of the Veritable records of the Ming). Wuhan: Hubei Renmin Chubanshe.
Xu Changzuo. Da Ming lüli tianshi pangzhu (Explanations and interlinear notes on The great Ming code and regulations). Ming edition. Hishi copy at the University of Chicago Library.
Xunzi. 1986. Xunzi jijie (Collected commentaries on the Xunzi). Zhuzi jicheng edition, vol. 2. Shanghai: Shanghai Shudian Chubanshe.
Yan Congjian. 1993. Shuyu zhouzi lu (Record of strange lands). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Yang, C. K. 1961. Religion in Chinese Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Yang Hsüeh-feng. 1975a. “Mingdai huawai ren fanzui shi shiyong zhi falü” (Law applied to crimes committed by huawai ren during the Ming). Dalu zazhi shixue congshu, 4th ser., 5:68–72. Taipei: Dalu Zazhishe.
________. 1975b. “Minglü dui Menggu semu ren hunyin shang de xianzhi” (Restriction on the marriage of Mongols and semu in The Ming code). Dalu zazhi shixue congshu, 4th ser., 5:80–82. Taipei: Dalu Zazhishe.
________. 1978. Mingdai de shenpan zhidu (Judicial system in the Ming). Taipei: Liming Wenhua Shiye Gufen Youxian Gongsi.
Yang Lien-sheng. 1968. “Historical Notes on the Chinese World Order.” In The Chinese World Order: Traditional China’s Foreign Relations, ed. John K. Fairbank, 20–33.
Yang Yifan. 1984. Mingchu zhongdian kao (An investigation of harsh laws in the early Ming). Changsha: Hunan Renmin Chubanshe.
________. 1988. Ming dagao yanjiu (A study of the Grand pronouncements). Nanjing: Jiangsu Renmin Chubanshe.
________. 1992. Hongwu falü dianji kaozheng (Textual research on legal documents of the Hongwu period). Beijing: Falü Chubanshe.
Yang Yifan and Tian Tao, eds. 2002. Zhongguo zhenxi falü dianji xubian (Rare Chinese legal documents, second compilation). 10 vols. Harbin: Heilongjiang Renmin Chubanshe.
Yao Siren. [1600?] 1993. Da Ming lü fuli zhujie (The great Ming code with regulations attached and commentaries). Reprint, Beijing: Beijing Daxue Chubanshe.
Yao Xinzhong. 2000. Introduction to Confucianism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Yates, Robin D. S. 1997. “Purity and Pollution in Early China.” Integrated Studies of Chinese Archaeology and Historiography, Symposium Series of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, no. 4:479–536.
Yili zhushu (Commentaries on the Decorum and Ritual). In SSJZS, 941–1220.
Ying Jia. 1995. Da Ming lü shiyi (Commentary to The great Ming code). In Xuxiu Siku quanshu (Complete library in four treasuries, supplemental documents), 863:1–227. Shanghai: Shanghai Guji Chubanshe,
You Shaohua. 1998. Mingdai sifa chukao (The judicial system of the Ming). Xiamen: Xiamen University Press.
Yu Songqing. 1987. “Ming Qing shiqi de minjian mimi zongjiao” (Folk secret religions during the Ming and Qing). Lishi yanjiu (1987) 2:110–24.
Yu Yuan. 1606. Santai Minglü zhaopan zhengzong (Standard forms of judgments for The great Ming code). Ming edition. Hishi copy at Princeton University, Gest Library.
Yü Chün-fang. 1981. The Renewal of Buddhism in China. New York: Columbia University Press.
________. 1998. “Ming Buddhism.” In CHC8, 893–952.
Yü Ying-shih. 1986. “Han Foreign Relations.” In Cambridge History of China, The Ch’in and Han Empires, 221 B.C.–A. D. 220, ed. D. Twitchett and Michael Loewe, 1:377–462. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Zha Jizuo. [1670?] 1986. Zuiwei lu (The record that might incriminate me). Hangzhou: Zhejiang Guji Chubanshe.
Zhang Dexin and Mao Peiqi, eds. 1995. Hongwu yuzhi quanshu (Complete imperial writings of the Hongwu era). Hefei: Huangshan Shushe.
Zhang Guohua and Rao Xinxian, eds. 1984. Zhongguo falü sixiang shigang (An outline history of Chinese legal thought). Vol. 1. Lanzhou: Gansu Renmin Chubanshe.
Zhang Jinfan, ed. 1982a. Zhongguo fazhi shi (Chinese legal history). Beijing: Qunzhong Chubanshe.
________. 1982b. Zhongguo falü shilun (On Chinese legal history). Beijing: Falü Chubanshe.
________, ed. 1990. Zhongguo fazhi shi yanjiu zongshu (General assessment of research on Chinese legal history). Beijing: Zhongguo Renmin Gongan Daxue Chubanshe.
Zhang Jinfan and Huai Xiaofeng, eds. 1999. Zhongguo fazhi tongshi (General history of Chinese legal systems). Vol. 7, Ming. Beijing: Falü Chubanshe.
Zhang Kai. 1471. Lütiao shuyi (Commentary to the articles of the Code). Ming edition in Shanghai Library.
Zhang Lu, ed. [1579] 1969. Huang Ming zhishu (Regulatory documents of the august Ming). 20 juan, 6 vols. Taipei: Chengwen Chubanshe.
Zhang Shiche. 1567. “Chengyi bo Liugong shendao beiming” (Epitaph of the Earl of Chengyi, Master Liu). In Chengyi bo wenji, by Liu Ji, Sibu congkan edition, “Beiming,” 1a–11b.
Zhang Tingyu et al. [1736] 1974. Mingshi (History of the Ming Dynasty). 28 vols. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Zhao Yi. [1799] 1987. Nian’er shi zhaji (Miscellaneous notes on the twenty-two dynastic histories). Beijing: Zhongguo Shudian.
Zhouli zhushu (Commentary to the Rites of Zhou). In SSJZS, 631–939.
Zhouyi zhengyi (Commentary to the Changes of Zhou). In SSJZS, 1–108.
Zhu Guozhen. [1632] 1992. Huang Ming kaiguo chen zhuan (Biographies of the ministers who assisted the founding of the august Ming). In Huang Ming shigai, (General history of the august Ming), by Zhu Guozhen, 1719–2000. Yangzhou: Jiangsu Guangling Guji Keyinshe.
Zhu Jingxun. Da Ming lüli zhijun qishu (The great Ming code: Marvelous methods for the ruler). Ming edition. Hishi copy at Princeton University, Gest Library.
Zhu Yong. 1991. “Zhongguo gudai falü de ziran zhuyi tezheng” (The naturalistic features in Chinese ancient law). Zhongguo shehui kexue 5:143–56.
Zhu Yuanzhang. Baoxun (Precious instructions). In HWYZQS, 412–605.
________. Huang Ming zhaoling (Imperial edicts of the august Ming) [Hongwu reign]. In Zhongguo zhenxi falü dianji jiceng, ed.Liu Hainian and Yang Yifan, 2d ser., 3:1–91.
________. 2002. Huang Ming zuxun (Ancestral instructions of the august Ming). Beijing: Beijing Tushuguan Chubanshe.
________. “Ji meng” (Story of a dream). In YZWJ, 194–96.
________. Jiaomin bangwen (Placard of people’s instructions). In HMZS, 3:1405–43.
________. 1988. Yuzhi Dagao (The imperial grand pronouncements). In Yang Yifan, Ming Dagao yanjiu, pp. 195–452.
________. 1988. Yuzhi dagao sanbian (The imperial grand pronouncements, third compilation). In Yang Yifan, Ming Dagao yanjiu, 339–421.
________. 1988. Yuzhi dagao xubian (The imperial grand pronouncements, second compilation). In Yang Yifan, Ming Dagao yanjiu, 255–338.
________. Yuzhi wenji (The imperial writings). In HWYZQS, 1–251.
________. Yuzhi wenji bu (The imperial writings, supplemented). In HWYZQS, 252–361.
________. “Yuzhi Zhoudian xianren zhuan” (Biography of the immortal Crazy Zhou). In Jilu huibian, comp. Shen Jiefu, 45–48.
________. Zishi tongxun (Comprehensive instructions to aid the realm). In HMZS, 3:1449–84.
Zito, Angela. 1997. Of Body and Brush: Grand Sacrifices as Text/Performance in Eighteenth-Century China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Zurcher, Erick. 1959. The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Index

Notes

Show the following:

Adjust appearance:

Bibliography

Annotate