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The Mandate of Heaven and The Great Ming Code: Glossary

The Mandate of Heaven and The Great Ming Code
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table of contents
  1. Series Page
  2. Title Page
  3. Copyright
  4. Dedication
  5. Contents
  6. Acknowledgments
  7. Abbreviations
  8. 1 | Introduction
  9. 2 | Early Ming Legal Cosmology
  10. 3 | The Great Ming Code and the World of Spirits
  11. 4 | The Great Ming Code and the Human Realm
  12. 5 | The Great Ming Code and Officialdom
  13. 6 | Conclusion
  14. Notes
  15. Glossary
  16. Bibliography
  17. Index
  18. Series List

Glossary

anfu si  安撫司  Pacification Commission

Annan zhuan  安南傳

anyang shengxi  安養生息  rest and recuperation

Ba-Shu  巴蜀

babing  八柄  handles

baidou  拜斗  worship the Dipper

Bailian She  白蓮社  White Lotus Society

Baishi huibian  稗史彙編  A Collection of Unofficial Histories

Ban Gu  班固

bantu  版圖  domain

banyin kanhe  半印勘合  matching half-seal tallies

bao  報  to recompense

Bao Zunpeng  包遵彭

Baoxun  寳訓

Bayun Xingtong fu  八韻刑統賦  Eight Rhyming Explications of the United Code

Beiping  北平

beiwen  碑文  tablet inscription

benxing  本性  original nature

Bianmin tuzuan  便民圖纂

Biaolü panxue xiangshi  標律判學詳釋

biji  筆記  jottings

binli  宾禮

Biqu tiaoli  避趨條例  Regulations for Avoidance and Pursuit

bujing  不經  nonclassical

Cen  岑

Chan Hok-lam (Chen Xuelin)  陳學霖

Chan Wing-tsit (Chen Rongjie)  陳榮捷

Chang’an  長安

changfa  常法  permanent law

changjing  常經  constant law

chaogang  朝綱  court principles

Chayan si  察言司  Office for the Scrutiny of Memorials

Chen Peng  陳鵬

Chen Wenhui  陳炆輝

Ch’en Wen-shih (Chen Wenshi)  陳文石

Chen Youliang  陳友亮

Ch’en Ku-yuan (Chen Guyuan)  陳顧遠

cheng huang zhi shen  城隍之神  gods of the walls and moats

Chengxuan buzheng shi si  承宣布政使司  Office of the Commissioner for Undertaking the Promulgation of Imperial Orders and for Disseminating Government Policies

Chengyibo wenji  誠意伯文集

Chengzu  成祖

Chenjie lu  臣誡錄  Instructions for Ministers

chenxiang  沉香  Aquilaria agallocha

Chijian dayue taiheshan zhi  敕建大岳太和山志

Ch’iu Chung-lin (Qiu Zhonglin)  邱仲麟

chizi  赤子  subject

chou  丑  1–3 A.M.

choulei wei kong  丑類為空  to wipe out all types of ugliness

chu  出  departing from

Chu  楚

Ch’ü T’ung-tsu (Qu Tongzu)  瞿同祖

Chugoku hoseishi kosho  中國法制史考證

“Chugoku kodai ni okeru unme ron no keifu”  中國古代における運命論刀系譜

chujia  出家  entering monastic orders; lit., “leaving home”

Chunqiu  春秋

Chunqiu Gongyang zhuan zhushu  春秋公羊傳註疏

Cui Liang  崔亮

Cunxin lu  存心錄  Records of a Constant Heart-and-Mind

da bujing  大不敬  great irreverence

Da Ming huidian  大明會典

[Da] Ming jili [大]明集禮

Da Ming ling  大明令  Great Ming Commandment

Da Ming longtou biandu pangxun lüfa quanshu  大明龍頭便讀徬訓律法全書

Da Ming lü  大明律  The Great Ming Code

Da Ming lü fuli zhujie  大明律附例註解

“Da Ming lü gao kao”  大明律誥考

Da Ming lü jijie fuli  大明律集解附例

Da Ming lü shiyi  大明律釋義

Da Ming lüli juhui xizhu  大明律例據會細注

Da Ming lüli linmin baojing  大明律例臨民寳鏡

Da Ming lüli tianshi pangzhu  大明律例添釋旁註

Da Ming lüli zhijun qishu  大明律例致君奇術

Da Ming lüli zhushi xiangxing bingjian  大明律例註釋祥刑冰鑑

Da Ming lüshu fuli  大明律疏附例

Da Ming qinglei tianwen fenye shu  大明清類天文分野書

Da Ming Taizu Gao Huangdi shilu  大明太祖高皇帝實錄

Da Ming yitong zhi  大明一統志

Da Ming zhi  大明志  Gazetteer of the Great Ming

Da Qing lü jizhu  大清律輯注

Da Yuan shengzheng guochao dianzhang  大元聖政國朝典章

Dagao  大誥

“Dai Min ryo kaisetsu”  大明令解説

Dali si  大理寺  Court of Judicial Review

dalun  大倫  foundation of human ethical principles

dan  担  picul

Danjo Hiroshi  檀上寬

Danyang  淡洋

Dao  道  the Way

Dao de jing  道德經  Classic of the Way and Its Power

daoli  道理  principles

Daoyan  道衍

Datong li  大統曆  Calendar of the Great Unification

daxian  大限  great boundary

Daxue  大學  The Great Learning

Daxue yanyi  大學衍義  The Expanded Meaning of the Great Learning

Deng Shilong  鄧士龍

Deng Yu  鄧愈

dian  典

dianfu  甸服  royal zone

dingyou  丁懮  mourning for parents

Dong Yu  董裕

doucheng  斗城  city of the dipper

Du lü suoyan  讀律瑣言

Du shi zhaji  讀史札記

dulun  凟倫  to damage human moral principles

duoqing  奪情  curtailing sentiment

duoqing qifu  奪情起復  to return officials to government service by curtailing sentiment

duosang  奪喪  deprived of mourning

ermu zhi guan  耳目之官  ear-eye officials

ertian  二天  two heavens

fa  法  law

Fan Zugan  范祖幹

Fang Linggui  房齡貴

Fang Xuanling  房玄齡

fanhai er lai  泛海而來  come by sea

fanhai keshang  泛海客商  maritime merchants

fanzuo  反坐  reciprocal retribution

fei wo zulei, qi xin bi yi  非我族類其心必異  if he is not of our race, he is sure to have a different mind

feixin  非心  evil hearts

fen  分  fixed position, status

fengfa xunli  奉法循理  to abide by law and to follow principle

fengshui  風水  geomancy

fengtian dian  奉天殿  Hall of Service to Heaven

fengxian guan  風憲官  guardians of the customs and laws

Fengyang  鳯陽

fenye  分野  cosmic demarcation

fu wo Zhongguo  復我中國  to recover our China

Fu Xi  伏羲

Fu Yiling  傅衣淩

Fujian  福建

fuma duwei  駙馬都尉  commandant-escort

fumu guan  父母官  father-mother officials

gaiguo qianshan  改過遷善  to correct transgressions and revert to good deeds

gan-zhi  干支

gangqiang  剛強  resolute and strong

Gao Feng  高峰

Gao Ju  高擧

gaoshi  告示  model official notice

Ge Yinliang  葛寅亮

Geng Zhong  耿忠

Gengsi bian  庚巳編

gong  公  impartiality

Gong Ju  貢擧

Gong Yin  龔蔭

gonggu  肱骨  legs and arms

gongsheng  貢生  tribute students

Gongxing lu  躬省錄  Records of Self-Reflection

gouhui zhi qu  垢穢之軀

“Gu Chengyibo Liugong xingzhuang”  故誠意伯劉公行狀

Guan Wenfa  関文發

guancheng  貫城  string city

guansuo xing  貫索星  a string of stars

“Guanyu Mingchu Hu Lan zhi yu de fenxi”  關於明初胡藍之獄的分析

guo  國  country

Guo Huan  郭桓

Guo Peng  郭鵬

Guo que  國榷

Guochao diangu  國朝典故

Guochao xianzheng lu  國朝獻徵錄

Guochu lixian lu  國初禮賢錄

Guochu shiji  國初事跡

Guoshi kaoyi  國史考異

Guoshi weiyi  國史唯疑

guoti  國體  dynastic body

Guozi xue  國子學  Dynastic University

Hainan  海南

Haining  海寧

Haizhou  海州

Han  漢

Han Yulin  韓玉林

hanba  旱魃  drought god

Hangzhou  杭州

Hanshu  漢書

Hao Zhicai  郝志才

He Guang  何廣

He Qiaoyuan  何喬遠

He Xiaorong  何孝榮

Hetu  河圖  Yellow River Diagram

Hihara Toshikuni  日原利國

Hongjin  红巾  Red Turbans

Hongwu  洪武

Hongwu falü dianji kaozheng  洪武法律典籍考證

[Hongwu] Jingcheng tuzhi [洪武]京城圖志

Hongwu shengzheng ji  洪武聖政紀

Hongwu yuzhi quanshu  洪武御製全書

hou  後

Hou Wailu  侯外盧

houbie  厚別  to emphasize distinction

houfu  侯服  guarding zone

houshe  喉舌  throats and tongues

Hsu Dau-lin (Xu Daolin)  徐道鄰

Hu Han  胡翰

Hu Weiyong  胡惟庸

Huai Xiaofeng  怀效鋒

Huang Bosheng  黃伯生

Huang Chang-chien (Huang Zhangjian)  黃彰健

Huang Chao  黃巢

Huang Guangcheng  黃廣成

Huang Guangping  黃廣平

Huang Jin  黃金

Huang Jingfang  黃景昉

Huang-Lao xuepai  黄老学派  the Huang-Lao school

Huang Ming kaiguo chen zhuan  皇明開國臣傳

Huang Ming kaiguo gongchen zhuan  皇明開國功臣傳

Huang Ming shigai  皇明史概

Huang Ming zhaoling  皇明詔令

Huang Ming zhishu  皇明制書

Huang Ming zuxun  皇明祖訓

Huangdi  黄帝

huangfu  荒服  uncultivated zone

Huangting jing  黃庭經  Book of the Yellow Court

Huanlun  幻輪

huanyu  環宇

Huanyu tongqu shu  環宇通衢書  Book of Thoroughfares in the Realm

huawai ren  化外人  people beyond the pale of civilization

Huayi yiyu  華夷譯語

Huguang  湖廣

Huijie  會解  “Collected Explications”

hun  魂  spirit-soul

huo  惑

Huo Yuanjie  火原洁

huozhong  惑衆  delude the public

husu zhi zhong  胡俗之種  race with barbarian customs

“Ji meng”  紀夢

jiali  嘉禮

jiandang  奸黨  treacherous cliques

Jiang Boer  江伯儿

Jiang Hao  姜昊

Jiang Xiaoyuan  江曉元

Jiang Yonglin  姜永琳

Jiang Zhe  姜喆

Jiangpu  江浦

Jiao Hong  焦竑

jiaohua  教化  education and transformation

Jiaomin bangwen  教民榜文

jieti mingxin  洁體明心  a clean body and pure heart

jigang  紀綱  lit., “net-ropes”; i.e., principles of government

jili  吉禮

Jilu huibian  記錄彙編

jimi  羇糜  loose-rein policy

jin xieshu chong zhengdao  禁邪術崇正道  prohibit heresies and promote the orthodox Way

jinbao zhijian  禁暴止奸  to prohibit violence and eliminate wickedness

Jing cheng lu  精誠錄  Records of Absolute Sincerity

jingang  金剛  law-guarding celestial gods

“Jinglao shi suoyi jianlao—Mingdai xiangyinjiu li de bianqian jiqi yu difang shehui de hudong”  敬老適所以賤老—明代鄉飲酒禮的  適所以賤老一明代鄉飲酒禮的 變遷及其與地方社會的互動

Jinhua  金華

Jinling fancha zhi  金陵梵刹志

Jinshu  晉書

jinyi wei  錦衣衛  imperial bodyguard

Jiqing  集慶

jiuwu xingshan  久污腥膻  to be polluted by the smell of mutton for such a long time

junli  军禮

junzi  君子  gentleman

kan  坎

Kim Chi  金祗

Ko Sa-Kyong  高士炯

Kongyin an  空印案  “Prestamped Documents Case”

Kuang Fan  鄺璠

Lan Yu  藍玉

lei  類  kind

Lei Menglin  雷夢麟

Leng Qian  冷歉

li  离

li  里  community

li  理  principle

li  禮  ritual

li  里  unit of length

li  吏  functionary

li  例  regulations

Li Bin  李彬

Li Chunfeng  李淳風

Li Fengji  李逢吉

Li Lung-hua (Li Longhua)  李龍華

Li Qi  李祺

Li Shanchang  李善長

Li Shilu  李仕魯

Li Shou-k’ung (Li Shoukong)  李守孔

Li Xian  李賢

Li Yumin  李裕民

liang  兩  unit of measure

Liang Zhiping  梁治平

Liangzhou  涼州

Liji zhengyi  禮記正義

Lilü  禮律

liming  立命  to establish the lives

Lin Jinshu  林金樹

ling  靈  spirit or magical power

ling  令  commandment

Lintao  臨洮

Liu Chen  劉辰

Liu Hainian  劉海年

Liu I-t’ang (Liu Yitang)  劉義堂

Liu Ji  劉基

Liu Junwen  劉俊文

liuguan  流官  ranked officials

liunan  留難  obstruction

liuzang  六贓  six types of illicit goods

Lixue leibian  理學類編  Classified Encyclopedia on the Learning of Principle

Long Wenbin  龍文彬

longxue  龍穴  dragon’s lair

Lu Can  陸燦

Luoshu  洛書  Book of the River Luo

lü  律  legal code

Lü Ling zhijie  律令直解  The Code and Commandment Directly Explicated

Lüjie bianyi  律解辨異

“Lüjie bianyi, Da Ming lü zhijie ji Ming lü jijie fuli sanshu suozai Ming lü zhi bijiao yanjiu”  律解辨異大明律直解及明律集解附例三書所載明律之比較研究

Lunyu zhushu  論語註疏

Lütiao shuyi  律條疏議

Ma  馬

Ma Chor Kin (Ma Zhuojian)  馬卓堅

Ma Yuan  馬援

Mano Senryu  簡野淺龍

Mao Peiqi  毛佩琦

Mao Shi zhengyi  毛詩正義

Maozhou  茂州

Mawangdui  马王堆

Men Sangui  門三贵

Meng Sen  孟森

Meng Yueting  孟月庭.

Mengzi  孟子  Mencius

min wei bang ben  民為邦本  the people are the foundation of the country

Mindai bunkashi kenkyu  明代文化史研究

“Mindai kaikin gainen no seiiritsu to sono haikei”  明代海禁概念の成立とその背景

Ming  明  bright, light

Ming benji jiaozhu  明本紀校註

Ming dagao  明大誥

Ming dagao yanjiu  明大誥研究

Ming Hongwu Jiajing jian de haijin zhengce  明洪武嘉靖間的海禁政策

“Ming Hongwu Yongle chao de bangwen junling”  明洪武永樂朝的榜文峻令

Ming huidian  明會典

Ming huiyao  明會要

Ming Qing fojiao  明清佛教

Ming Qing shi jiangyi  明清史講義

Ming Qing shi yanjiu cong’gao  明清史研究叢稿

Ming Qing shiliao huibian chuji  明清史料彙編初集

“Ming Qing shiqi de minjian mimi zongjiao”  明清時期的民間秘密宗教

Ming shilu yanjiu  明實錄研究

Ming Taizu  明太祖  Grand Progenitor of the Ming

“Ming Taizu dui daojiao de taidu jiqi dui sanjiao heyi de zhuiqiu”  明太祖對道教的態度及其對三教合一的追求

Ming tongjian  明通鑑

Mingchu zhongdian kao  明初重典考

“Mingdai Bailian jiao kaolüe”  明代白蓮教考略

“Mingdai de falü yu yunzuo”  明代的法律與運作

Mingdai de shenpan zhidu  明代的審判制度

“Mingdai huawai ren fanzui shi shiyong zhi falü”  明代化外人犯罪時適用之法律

Mingdai Nanjing siyuan yanjiu  明代南京寺院研究

Mingdai sifa chukao  明代司法初考

“Mingdai tusi zhengce xilun”  明代土司政策析論

Mingdai zhengzhi shi  明代政治史

Mingdai zhengzhi zhidu yanjiu  明代政治制度研究

Mingdai zhuanji congkan  明代傳記叢刊

Mingdai zongjiao  明代宗教

mingfen  名分  proper status

mingfu  命婦  court lady

“Mingjiao yu da Ming diguo”  明教與大明帝國

“Minglü dui Menggu semu ren hunyin shang de xianzhi”  明律對蒙古色目人婚姻上的限制

Minglü jijie fuli  明律集解附例

Mingqing jiji  名卿績紀

Mingshan cang  名山藏

Mingshi  明史

Mingshi kaozheng juewei  明史考證抉微

Mingshi renming suoyin  明史人名索引

mingyang jiaohua  明揚教化  to manifest and promote education and transformation

“Minsho ‘ku-in no an’ shōkō”  明初”空印の案”小考

Mizoguchi Yuzo  溝口雄三

mou dani  謀大逆  plotting great sedition

Mou Zhongjian  牟鍾鋻

Mozi  墨子

mu  牧  herdsman

mumin zhi guan  牧民之官  shepherds of the people

Muzhai chuxue ji  牧齋初學集

Naito Kenjichi  内籐乾吉

Nanjing  南京

neidi interior  内地

neifu  内附  to move to the heartland of the empire

Nian’er shi zhaji  廿二史札記

Nichen lu  逆臣錄

Niegulun  涅古倫

Nüjie  女誡  Admonitions for Women

Ogyu Sorai  徠物茂卿

Ouyang Lun  歐陽倫

Pan Chengzhang  潘檉章

panyu  判語  model verdict

Peng Yingbi  彭應弼

pichang miao  皮場廟  skinning-ground temple

po  魄  body-soul

Puding  普定

Pujiang  浦江

qi  氣  material force

Qi Haibin  齊海濱

Qian Qianyi  錢謙益

Qian Tang  錢塘

Qiang  羌

Qiao Wei  喬偉

qichu  七出  seven grounds for repudiating wives

qideng  七燈  seven lamps

Qin  秦

Qincha huihui  欽察回回  Qipčy Hui Muslims

Qinding Lü Gao  欽定律誥  The Imperially Approved Code and Pronouncements

qing  頃  unit of measurement

Qingtian  青田

Qingzhou  青州

qiongli  窮理  probing into principle

Qiongya  瓊崖

Qiu Xuanqing  邱玄清

qu  娶  to marry

qufa shenqing  屈法申情  bending the law to promote sentiment

ran  然  agreement

Rao Xinxian  饒鑫賢

Ren Jiyu  任繼愈

Ren Ziyuan  任自垣

renjue  人爵  ranks of nobility

renqing  人情  human sentiment

Ritsurei taishō teihon Min ritsu kokuji kai  律例對照定本明律國字解

Rizhao  日照

rouruo  柔弱  gentle and weak

ru  入  enter

Ruan Yuan  阮元

sanbuqu  三不去  three restrictions on repudiating wives

Sancai tuhui  三才圖繪

sangang wuchang  三綱五常  three bonds and five constant virtues

Sanhuang  三皇  Three Illustrious Emperors

Sanjiao  三教  Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism

Sanqing  三清  Three Pure Ones

Santai Minglü zhaopan zhengzong  三臺明律招判正宗

sanzhai  散齋  partial, relaxed abstinence

semu ren  色目人  peoples of various ethnic backgrounds

Shaanxi  陝西

Shang  商

Shangshu  尚書  Book of Documents

Shangshu zhengyi  尚書正義

shanli  善理  principle

Shen Defu  沈德符

Shen Jiefu  沈節甫

Shen Shixing  申時行

Shen Yunlong  沈云龍

Shen Zhiqi  沈之奇

sheng  生  to engender

shengfan  生番  crude barbarians

sheng-ke  生剋

shengse  聲色  sounds and sights, i.e., music and women

shengshen yangyu zhi en  生身養育之恩  loving-kindness in giving birth to the body and maintaining the life of a child

Shenming Fojiao bangce  申明佛教榜冊  Placard Elucidating Buddhism

Shenming jieyu shu  申明誡諭書  Book of Announcing Ordinances shenming ting  申明亭  exhibition pavilion

Shennong  神農

shenqi  神器  divine utensil, i.e., the dynasty

shi  石

shibo tiju si  市舶提舉司  maritime trade supervisory bureau

Shie  十惡  “Ten Abominations”

shier ci  十二次  twelve equal celestial sections

Shisan jing zhu shu  十三經註疏

Shishi jigu lüe xuji  釋氏稽古略續集

shou  收  to take in

Shu  書  Book of Documents

Shuyu zhouzi lu  殊域周咨錄

Si Lunfa  思倫發

Sidian  祀典  Sacrificial Statutes

Sien  思恩

Siming  思明

Sishu  四書  Four Books

Song Lian  宋濂

Song Ming lixue shi  宋明理學史

Song xueshi wenji  宋學士文集

Su Maoxiang  蘇茂相

suifu  綏服  pacified zone

Suishu  隋書

Suzhou  蘇州

Taemyong yul chehae  大明律直解

Taihe  泰和

Taiji  太極  Supreme Ultimate

Taiping  天平

Taishan  泰山  Mount Tai

Taishi yuan  太史院  Astrological Commission

Taiwei  太微

“Taizu shilu bianzheng”  太祖實錄辯證

Tan Qian  談遷

Tanglü  唐律  Tang Code

Tanglü shuyi  唐律疏議

Tanglü shuyi jianjie  唐律疏議箋解

Tanglü yanjiu  唐律研究

Tanyang  談洋

Tao An  陶安

Tateno Masami  舘野正美

“Tenrikan no seiritsu ni tsuite”  天理觀の成立について

Tian Heaven  天

Tian Tao  田濤

Tian Wen  田文

tiancheng  天城  celestial city

tiandao  天道  heavenly way

tiandeng  天燈  celestial lamp

tianheng  天衡  heavenly authority

tianju  天局  heavenly pattern

tianjue  天爵  heavenly virtues

tianlao  天牢  heavenly jail

tianli  天理  heavenly principle

tianlun  天倫  cosmic bonds

Tianming  天命  Mandate of Heaven

tianqian  天遣  heavenly sanctions

tianqin  天親  blood relatives

tianquan  天泉  heavenly spring

tianque jiuchong  天闕九重  nine layers of the celestial palace

tiantao  天討  heavenly punishment

tianwei  天威  celestial majesty

tianwei  天位  heavenly throne

Tianwen shu  天文書  Book of astrology

tianxia  天下  all under Heaven

tianxian  天憲  heavenly constitution

tianxing  天性  heavenly nature

tianyan  天顏  celestial countenance

tianyu  天語  heavenly words

tianzhi  天職  heaven-appointed offices

Tieguan Daoren Zhang Zhong  铁冠道人张中  Iron-Cap Master Zhang Zhong

Tieling  鉄嶺

tongtian guan  通天冠  Heaven-connecting crown

tongxin yide  同心一德  one heart and a single mind

Tongzheng shi si  通政使司  Office of Transmission

Tongzhi tiaoge jiaozhu  通制條格校註

Toutian jing  透天經  Classic of Understanding Heaven

tu zhifu  土知府  aboriginal prefect

Tuibei tu  推背圖  Back-Pushing Diagrams

tusi  土司  aboriginal office

tusu  土俗  aboriginal customs

Uchida Tomoo  内田智雄

waiyi  外夷  foreign barbarians

Wan Yi  萬镒

Wang Chongwu  王崇武

Wang Junhua  王俊華

Wang Kentang  王肯堂

Wang Kentang jianshi  王肯堂箋釋

Wang Mang  王莽

Wang Qi  王圻

Wang Shihua  王世華

Wang Shizhen  王世貞

Wang Siyi  王思義

Wang Tianyou  王天有

Wang Yanan  王亞南

Wang Yi  王禕

Wang Yonglan  王永兰

wangzhe wuwai  王者無外  the universal ruler will treat no one as an outsider

Wanli yehuobian  萬曆野獲編

Wei Guan  魏觀

Wei Zheng  魏徴

weili  違理  to violate principle

Wu Chen  吳沉

Wu Han  吳晗

Wu Yanhong  吳艷紅

wuchang  五常  the five constant virtues

Wuchen baoshen chi  武臣保身敕  Decree Calling for Military Officers to Protect Themselves

wufu  五服  the five zones

Wujing yaoyi  五經要義  Essential Meanings of the Five Classics

wuran  污染  pollution

wuran zhi xi  污染之習  polluted customs

Wuxing  五行  the Five Phases

Wuxing  五刑  “The Five Punishments”

Wu yuannian  吴元年  the first year of the Wu era (1367)

Xia Xie  夏燮

xiaguo  下國  lesser country

xiang yinjiu li  鄉飲酒禮  community wine-drinking ceremony

Xiang jian  相鑑  The Prime Minister’s Mirror

xiangshan  向善  to pursue the good

Xiao Jingao  蕭近高

Xiao Qi  蕭岐

Xiaojing  孝經  Classic of Filial Piety

Xiaojing zhushu  孝經註疏

xiaoli zhi dao  孝理之道  way of filial principle

xiaoren  小人  mean, base people

xie  邪  perverse, heretical

Xie Guoan  謝國安

xiesi  邪祀  heretical worship

xin  心  mind-and-heart; name of a lunar mansion

Xin Bosiren xinzha  新波斯人信札

xing  形  bodily form

xing  刑  punishment

xingshan zhi feng  腥膻之風  customs reeking of sheep and goats

Xingshu juhui  刑書據會

Xingtai falü  刑臺法律

Xingzhanxue yu chuantong wenhua  星占學與傳統文化

xiongli  凶禮

Xu Changzuo  徐昌祚

Xu Da  徐達

Xu Yikui  徐一夔

xuanwei si  宣慰司  pacification office

Xue Xiang  薛祥

Xue Yunsheng  薛允昇

Xunqiu ziran zhixu zhong de hexie  尋求自然秩序中的和諧

Xunzi  荀子

Xunzi jijie  荀子集解

Yan Congjian  嚴從簡

Yan Guangwen  顔廣文

yan jisi  嚴祭祀  scrupulously performing sacrifices

Yang Hsüeh-feng  楊雪峰

Yang Yifan  楊一凡

Yang Zheqi  楊者七

Yangdi  炀帝

yangji yuan nourishment houses  養濟院

Yangzi River  揚子江

“Yanjiu faxian Nanjing chengqiang cheng ‘nandou beidou’ juhexing buju”  研究發現南京城牆呈南斗北斗聚合形佈局

yanlu  言路  information channels

Yao Siren  姚思仁

yaofu  要服  controlled zone

yaoyan  妖言  heretical remarks

Ye Boju  葉伯巨

Ye Sheng  葉昇

yezhou  腋肘  armpits and elbows

yi  翼

Yi  易  [Yijing  易經] Book of Changes

yi  義  correct duty, right principles, righteousness

yi weiyan du tianting  以微言凟天聼  to profane Heaven’s hearing with insignificant words

yiduan  異端  heretical

yijiao  異教  heterodox teachings

yijue  義絕  breach of the bond of righteousness

yikou  夷寇  barbarian bandits

yilei  異類  different races

Yili  儀禮  Decorum and Rites

Yili zhushu  儀禮註疏

yin  寅  3–5 A.M.

yin  淫  heterodox

yin-yang  隂陽

Ying Jia  應檟

Yingtian  應天

yinsi  淫祀  heterodox sacrifices

yiti  一體  one unit

yiyi bianxia  以夷變夏  to change Chinese culture with “barbarian” customs

Yongle  永樂

You Shaohua  尤韶華

Yu Songqing  喻松青

Yu Yuan  余員

Yuanshi  元史

yuanshou  元首  head

[Yuzhi] Dagao  御製大誥

[Yuzhi] dagao sanbian  御製大誥三編

[Yuzhi] dagao xubian  御製大誥續編

Yuzhi wenji  御製文集

Yuzhi wenji bu  御製文集補

“Yuzhi Zhoudian xianren zhuan”  御製周癲仙人傳

Yuzhu Shu Hongfan  御注書洪範  Imperial Commentary on the “Hongfan” Section of the Book of Documents

zafan sizui  雜犯死罪  miscellaneous capital crimes

zang  贓  illicit goods

zaoyan  造言  to fabricate magical incantations

Zeng Bingzheng  曾秉正

Zha Jizuo  查繼佐

Zhan Tong  詹同

Zhang Dexin  張德信

Zhang Guohua  张國華

Zhang Heqing  張何清

Zhang Jian  張踐

Zhang Jinfan  張晉藩

Zhang Jue  張角

Zhang Kai  張楷

Zhang Lu  張鹵

Zhang Meihe  張美和

Zhang Shicheng  張士誠

Zhang Tingyu  張廷玉

Zhang Xianqing  張顯清

Zhang Yuchu  張宇初

Zhang Zhong  張中

zhangguan si  長官司  chief’s office

Zhanguo shidai  战國時代

Zhao Qian  趙乾

Zhao Yi  趙翼

Zhaopan zhengzong  招判正宗

Zhaoshi jiandang lu  昭示姦黨錄  Revelations of the Treacherous Clique

zhaoxu  招婿  uxorilocal marriages

zhaoya  爪牙  talons and teeth

Zhe’e  者額

Zhejiang  浙江

zhen  軫

zhen  震

Zhen Dexiu  真德秀

zhenfan sizui  真犯死罪  true capital crimes

zheng  正  healthy, correct

Zheng  鄭

Zheng Lian  鄭濓

Zheng Shi  鄭湜

Zheng Shili  鄭士利

zhenren  真人  realized man

zhi  質  substance

zhifa  執法  law-enforcing stars

zhifu geshanjin  指腹割衫巾  to point to the belly and cut the front of the woman’s garment

Zhijie lu  志戒錄

zhizhai  致齋  full, intensive abstinence

Zhizheng  至正

zhong  中  happy medium

Zhong Shan  鍾 山  Zhong Mountain

Zhongguo  中國  the Central Kingdom

Zhongguo bianjiang minzu shi  中國邊疆民族史

Zhongguo falü shilun  中國法律史論

Zhongguo falü sixiang shigang  中國法律思想史綱

Zhongguo fazhi shi  中國法制史

Zhongguo fazhi shi yanjiu zongshu  中國法制史研究綜述

Zhongguo fazhi tongshi  中國法制通史

Zhongguo guanliao zhengzhi yanjiu  中國官僚政治研究

“Zhongguo gudai falü de ziran zhuyi tezheng”  中國古代法律的自然主義特徵

Zhongguo hunyin shigao  中國婚姻史稿

Zhongguo ren  中國人  Chinese person

Zhongguo sixiang tongshi  中國思想通史

Zhongguo tusi zhidu  中國土司制度

Zhongguo wenhua yu zhongguo faxi  中國文化與中國法係

Zhongguo zhenxi falü dianji jiceng  中國珍稀法律典籍集成

Zhongguo zhenxi falü dianji xubian  中國珍惜法律典籍續編

Zhongguo zhi min  中國之民  the Chinese people

Zhongguo zhi ren  中國之人  Chinese person

Zhongguo zongjiao tongshi  中國宗教通史

Zhonghua  中華  China

zhongsheng zangli  重繩贓吏  severely punishing corrupt officials

zhongyong zhi dao  中庸之道  the doctrine of the mean

Zhongyuan  中原  Central Plain

zhongzui shitiao  重罪十條  the ten heinous crimes

Zhou  周

Zhou Dian xianren  周癫仙人  Crazy Zhou the Immortal

Zhou Junfu  周駿富

Zhouli zhushu  周禮註疏

Zhouyi  周易  Book of Changes

Zhouyi zhengyi  周易正義

Zhouzhi ce  周知冊  Comprehensive Supervision Registers

Zhu Biao  朱標

Zhu Di  朱棣

Zhu Guozhen  朱國楨

Zhu Jingxun  朱敬循

Zhu Liangzu  朱亮祖

Zhu Shan  朱善

Zhu Sheng  朱昇

Zhu Shuang  朱樉

Zhu Xi  朱熹

Zhu Yong  朱勇

Zhu Yuanzhang  朱元璋

“Zhu Yuanzhang chengtan ‘baopi shicao’ zhiyi”  朱元璋懲貪剝皮實草質疑

Zhu Yuangzhang zhuan  朱元璋傳

Zhu Yunwen  朱允炆

Zhu Zhen  朱桢

Zhuang  壯

Zhusi zhizhang  諸司職掌  Responsibilities and Authorities of Various Offices

Zhuzi jiali  朱子家禮  Family rituals of Master Zhu [Xi]

zi  子  11 p.m.–1 a.m.

ziran zhuyi  自然主義  naturalism

Zishi tongxun  資世通訓

Zongle  宗泐

Zou Jun  鄒俊

Zuanzhu  纂注  Collected Commentaries

Zuiwei lu  罪惟錄

zunzhang  尊長  superior or elder relatives

zuodao  左道  deviant ways

Zuxun lu  祖訓錄

zuzhu  族誅  clan extermination

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