BIBLIOGRAPHY

Allés, Élisabeth, Leīla Cherif-Chebbi, and Constance-Héléne Halfon. 2003. “Chinese Islam: Unity and Fragmentation.” Religion, State & Society 31 (1): 8–35.

Anderson, Benedict R. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.

Armijo-Hussein, Jacqueline M. 1997. “Sayyid ‘Ajall Shams al-Din: A Muslim from Central

Asia, Serving the Mongols in China, and Bringing ‘Civilization’ to Yunnan.” PhD diss., Harvard University.

———. 1999. “Resurgence of Islamic Education in China.” ISIM Newsletter 4: 12.

———. 2006. “Islamic Education in China.” Harvard Asia Quarterly (Winter). http://www.asiaquarterly.com/content/view/166/ (accessed May 27, 2007).

Armstrong, Karen. 2000. The Battle for God. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Ashiwa, Yoshiko, and David L. Wank. 2006. “The Politics of a Reviving Buddhist temple: State, Association, and Temple in Southeast China.” Journal of Asian Studies 65 (2): 337–59.

Atwill, David G. 1997. “Islam in the World of Yunnan: Muslim Yunnanese in Nineteenth Century Yunnan.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 17 (1): 9–30.

———. 2003. “Blinkered Visions: Islamic Identity, Hui Ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856–1873.” Journal of Asian Studies 62 (4): 1079–108.

———. 2006. The Chinese Sultanate: Islam, Ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856–1873. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Bai Zhensheng. 1994. “Minzu xiandaihua yu jinji xisu” (Nationality modernization and taboo). In Song Shuhua, ed., Minzu xue yu xiandaihua (Modernization and the study of nationalities), 60–76. Beijing: Zhongyang Minzu Daxue Chubanshe.

Baizu Jianshi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui (Bai History Compilation Group). 1988. Baizu jianshi (Brief history of the Bai). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Bakhtin, M. M. 1968. Rabelais and His World. Trans. H. Iswolsky. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Barmé, Geremie. 1995. “To Screw Foreigners is Patriotic: China’s Avant-garde Nationalists.” The China Journal 34: 209–34.

Barnett, A. Doak. 1993. China’s Far West: Four Decades of Change. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Barth, Fredrik. 1969. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Boston, MA: Little Brown.

Bauman, Zygmunt. 1993. Postmodern Ethics. London, UK: Routledge.

Bentley, G. Carter. 1987. “Ethnicity and Practice.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 29 (1): 24–55.

Bhabha, Homi K. 1990. Nation and Narration. London: Routledge.

———. 1996. “Culture’s In-between.” In Questions of Cultural Identity, ed. Stuart Hall and Paul du Gay, 53–60. London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Bilik, Naran. 1998. “Language Education, Intellectuals, and Symbolic Representation: Being an Urban Mongolian in a New Configuration of Social Evolution.” In Nationalism and Ethnoregional Identities, ed. Safran, 1998, 47–67.

Blum, Susan D. 2000. “China’s Many Faces: Ethnic, Cultural, and Religious Pluralism.” In China Beyond the Headlines, ed. Timothy B. Weston and Lionel Jensen, 69–95. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

———. 2001. Portraits of “Primitives”: Ordering Human Kinds in the Chinese Nation. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

Blum, Susan D., and Lionel M. Jensen, eds. 2002. China Off Center: Mapping the Margins of the Middle Kingdom. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.

Bo, Chen. 2003. “A Multicultural Interpretation of an Ethnic Muslim Minority: The Case of the Hui Tibetan in Lhasa.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 23 (1): 41–61.

Bovingdon, Gardner. 2002. “The Not-so-Silent Majority: Uyghur Resistance to Han Rule in Xinjiang.” Modern China 28 (1): 39–78.

———. 2004. “Heteronomy and Its Discontents.” In Rossabi, ed., 2004, 117–54.

Brook, Timothy, and Andre Schmid. 2000. “Introduction: Nations and Identities in Asia.” In Nation Work: Asian Elites and National Identities, ed. Brook and Schmid, 1–16. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Brubaker, Rogers. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Buchanan, Patrick. 2002. The Death of the West: How Dying Populations and Immigrant Invasions Imperil Our Country and Civilization. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Burchell, G., Gordon, C., and Miller, P., eds. 1991. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality, with Two Lectures by and an Interview with Michel Foucault. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Chan, Anita, and Jonathan Unger. 1995. “China, Corporatism and the East Asian Model.” The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 33: 29–53.

Chatterjee, Partha. 1986. Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

———. 1993. The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Post-colonial Histories. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Chen, Nancy. 1995. “Urban Spaces and Experiences of Qigong.” In Urban spaces in Contemporary China: The Potential for Autonomy and Community in Post-Mao China, ed. Deborah S. Davis, Richard Kraus, Barry Naughton, and Elizabeth J. Perry, 347–61. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

———. 2003. “Healing Sects and Anti-cult Campaigns.” China Quarterly 174 (June): 505–20.

Chen Runpu. 1997. “Yan Xiecheng.” In Yunnan Historical Materials Compilation Group, Yunnan laozihao (Businesses of old Yunnan), 187–205. Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Chen Yung-fa. 1986. Making Revolution: The Communist Movement in Eastern and Central China, 1937–1945. Berkeley: University of California Press.

China Development Brief. “Law and Rights Project Digest,” January 1, 2002. http://www.chinadevelopmentbrief.com/node/170 (accessed February 12, 2007).

China National Bureau of Statistics. 2006. “2005 nian quanguo baifenzhi yi renkou chouyang diaocha zhuyao shuju gongbao” (Primary findings of the 2005 one percent sample national population survey). March 16, 2006. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20060316_402310923.htm (accessed Sept 5, 2007).

China Sangha Metta. 2007. “2007 Foguang Zhi Jia gongzuo jihua” (2007 work plan of Foguang Zhi Jia), China Sangha Metta, April 4, 2007. http://www.chinasanghametta.org/article/news_view.asp?newsid=573 (accessed May 15, 2007).

Chow, Rey. 1998. “Introduction: On Chineseness as a Theoretical Problem.” boundary 2 25 (3): 1–24.

Chuah, Osman. 2004. “Muslims in China: The Social and Economic Situation of the Hui Chinese.” Journal of Muslim Affairs 24 (1): 155–62.

Citrin, Jack, David O. Sears, Cara Wong, and Chris Muste. 2001. “Multiculturalism in American Public Opinion.” British Journal of Political Science 31: 247–75.

Cohen, Myron L. 1994. “Being Chinese: The Peripheralization of Traditional Identity.” In The Living Tree: The Changing Meaning of Being Chinese Today, ed. Wei-ming Tu, 88–108. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Cohen, Paul T. 2000. “A Buddha Kingdom in the Golden Triangle: Buddhist Revivalism and the Charismatic Monk Khruba Bunchum.” The Australian Journal of Anthropology 11 (2): 141–54.

Connor, Walker. 1972. “Nation-Building or Nation-Destroying?” World Politics 24 (3): 319–55.

———. 1984. The National Question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Crossley, Pamela K. 1999. A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Daizu Jianshi Compilation Group. 1985. Daizu jianshi (Brief history of the Dai). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Dali Baizu Zizhizhou Difangzhi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui (Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Editorial Committee). 1998, 1999, 2003. Dali zhou nianjian (Yearbook of Dali Prefecture). Kunming: Yunnan Keji Chubanshe.

Dali Shizhi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui (Dai City Almanac Compilation Committee). 1998. Dali Shizhi (Annals of Dali municipality). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju. Dangdai Zhongguo Congshu Bianjibu (Contemporary China Series Editorial Group). 1991.

Dangdai Zhongguo de Yunnan (Contemporary China: Yunnan). Beijing: Dangdai Zhongguo Chubanshe.

Dao Meiying. 1995. “Cong gongzhu dao gongpu” (From princess to public servant). In Jinghong Committee of the China Peoples’ Political Consultative Conference, Jinghong wenshi ziliao (Materials on the history and culture of Jinghong), 133–40. Jinghong: Xishuangbanna Prefecture Press.

Dao Shexun. 1987. “Baliyu dui Daiyu de yingxiang” (The influence of Sanskrit on the Dai language). In Minzu yanjiu wenji (Collected writings on nationalities research), ed. Ma Zhuo, 291–311. Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

———. 1993. “Wo zouguo de daolu” (The road I’ve travelled). In Yunnan minzu gongzuo huiyi lu (Recollections of nationality work in Yunnan), ed. Wang Lianfang, 320–29. Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Davis, Sara L. M. 2005. Song and Silence: Ethnic Revival on China’s Southwest Borders. New York: Columbia University Press.

Dean, Kenneth. 1997. “Ritual and Space: Civil Society or Popular Religion?” In Civil Society in China, ed. Timothy Brook and B. Michael Frolic, 172–94. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari. 1983. Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Trans. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem, and Helen R. Lane. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Deutsch, Karl. 1953. Nationalism and Social Communication. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Diamant, Neil J., Stanley B. Lubman, and Kevin J. O’Brien, eds. 2005. Engaging the Law in China: State, Society, and Possibilities for Justice. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005.

Diamond, Norma. 1993. “Ethnicity and the State: The Hua Miao of Southwest China.” In Ethnicity and the State, ed. Judith B. Toland, 55–78. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

———. 1995. “Defining the Miao: Ming, Qing, and Contemporary Views.” In Cultural Encounters On China’s Ethnic Frontiers, ed. Stevan Harrell, 92–116. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Dillon, Michael. 1998. China’s Muslim Hui Community: Migration, Settlement And Sects. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Curzon.

Ding Hong. 1994. “Lunshi Huizu jiaoyu zai Huizu shehui biange zhong de zuoyong” (The uses of Hui religion in a changing Hui society). In Minzuxue yu xiandaihua (Modernization and the study of nationalities), ed. Song Shuhua, 193–207. Beijing: Zhongyang Minzu Daxue Chubanshe.

Dirks, Nicholas. 1994. “Ritual and Resistance: Subversion as a Social Fact.” In Culture/ Power/History: A Reader In Contemporary Social Theory, ed. Nicholas B. Dirks, Geoff Eley, and Sherry B. Ortner, 483–503. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Dirlik, Arif. 1999. “Bringing History Back In: Of Diasporas, Hybridities, Places and Histories.” Review of Education, Pedagogy & Cultural Studies 21 (2): 95–131.

———. 2002. “Modernity as History: Post-Revolutionary China, Globalization and the Question Of Modernity.” Social History 27 (1): 16–39.

Dittmer, Lowell, and Samuel S. Kim, eds. 1993. China’s Quest For National Identity. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Dong Jianzhong. 1992. “Renzhen zongjie Baizu de lishi yu xianzhuang tuixing Baiwen, chenxing Baizu” (Conscientious summary of Bai history and the current state of affairs of Bai language implementation). Dali Wenhua Xuebao 2: 160–61.

Dong Mianhan. 1999. “Baizu yinyue dui Zhongguo gudai yinyue de gongxian” (Bai contributions to the music of ancient China). Zhongyang Minzu Daxue Xuebao (Journal of the Central Nationalities University) 3: 81–83.

Dong Zijian. 1987. “ ‘Minzu jingji’ shi yige xinxing de xueke” (‘Nationalities economy’ as a new discipline). In Nationalities Research Editorial Group, Minzu Yanjiu Wenji (Collected writings on nationalities research), 53–67. Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

Dreyer, June Teufel. 1976. China’s Forty Millions: Minority Nationalities And National Integration in the People’s Republic of China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Du Fachun. 1995. “Gaige kaifang, shichang jingji yu minzu zongjiao guanxi” (The relationship between reforms, the market economy, and nationality religion). Zhongyang Minzu Daxue Xuebao 3: 6–12.

Du Kun. 1997. Xizhou yijiu (Remembering Xizhou). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Duan Shoutao. 1992. “Dali Ma, Mabang, Lumahui” (The horse and mule caravans of Dali). Dali Wenhua Xuebao (Journal of Dali culture) 2: 56–61.

Duara, Prasenjit. 1988. Culture, Power, and the State: Rural North China, 1900–1942. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

———. 1993. “De-constructing the Chinese Nation.” Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 30: 1–26.

———. 1995. Rescuing History from the Nation: Questioning Narratives of Modern China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Eagleton, Terry. 2000. The Idea of Culture. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.

Edin, Maria. 2003. “State Capacity and Local Agent Control in China: CCP Cadre Management from a Township Perspective.” China Quarterly 173 (1): 35–52.

Eng, Ian. 2003. “Together-in-Difference: Against Diaspora, Into Hybridity.” Asian Studies Review 27 (2): 141–54.

Erikson, Erik H. 1962. Young Man Luther: A Study in Psychoanalysis and History. New York: Norton.

Eryuan Xianzhi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui (Eryuan County Compilation Committee). 1996. Eryuan xianzhi (Annals of Eryuan County). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Evans, Grant. 2000. “Tai-ization: Ethnic Change in Northern Indo-China.” In Civility and Savagery: Social Identity in Tai states, ed. Andrew Turton. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Curzon.

Fei, Hsiao-tung. 1979. On the Social Transformation of China’s Minority Nationalities. HSDP-SCA series. Tokyo: United Nations University.

———. 1981. Toward a People’s Anthropology. Beijing: New World Press.

Fichte, Johann Gottlieb. 1979. Addresses to the German Nation. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Fitzgerald, C. P. 1973. The Tower of Five Glories: A Study of the Min Chia of Ta Li. Yunnan. Westport, CT: Hyperion Press.

Fogel, Joshua A., and Peter Zarrow. 1997. Imagining the People: Chinese Intellectuals and the Concept of Citizenship, 1890–1920. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

Foster, Kenneth. 2001. “Associations in the Embrace of an Authoritarian State: State Domination of Society?” Studies in Comparative International Development 35 (4): 84–109.

Foucault, Michel. 1978. The History of Sexuality. New York: Pantheon Books.

Frolic, B. Michael. 1997. “State-led Civil Society.” In Civil Society in China, ed. Timothy Brook and B. Michael Frolic, 46–67. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

Friedman, Edward. 1995. National Identity and Democratic Prospects in Socialist China. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

Gao Fayuan, ed. 1992. Yunnan Huizu xiangqing diaocha (Research on rural Hui society in Yunnan). Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

Gellner, Ernest. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Gergen, Kenneth J. The Saturated Self: Dilemmas of Identity in Contemporary life. New York: Basic Books.

Giersch, C. Pat. 2001. “ ‘A Motley Throng’: Social Change on Southwest China’s Early Modern Frontier, 1700–1880.” The Journal of Asian Studies 60 (1): 67–94.

———. 2006. Asian Borderlands. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Gillette, Maris. 2000. Between Mecca and Beijing: Modernization and Consumption Among Urban Chinese Muslims. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Gilroy, Paul. 1993. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Gladney, Dru. 1991. Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People’s Republic. Cambridge MA: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University.

———. 1994. “Representing Nationality in China: Refiguring Majority/Minority Identities.” Journal of Asian Studies 53 (1): 92–123.

———. 2003. “Islam in China: Accommodation or Separatism?” China Quarterly 174: 451–67.

———. 2004. Dislocating China: Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Goodman, Bryna. 1995. Native Place, City, and Nation: Regional Identities and Networks in Shanghai. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Greenfeld, Liah. 1992. Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Gui Limei. 2001. “Cong duo xueke jiaodu taosu Huizu chuantong wenhua yu Huizu fazhan de libi” (Benefits and disadvantages of traditional culture in the development of the Hui people). In Yunnan Huizu Yanjiu Weiyuanhui (Yunnan Hui Studies Association), ed., 2001, 157–64.

Gupta, Akhil. 1998. Postcolonial Developments: Agriculture in the Making of Modern India. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Gupta, Akhil, and James Ferguson, eds. 1997. Culture, Power, Place: Explorations in Critical Anthropology. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Hansen, Mette Halskov. 1999. Lessons in Being Chinese. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

———. 2004. “The Challenge of Sipsong Panna in the Southwest: Development, Resources, and Power in a Multiethnic China.” In Rossabi, ed., 2004, 53–83.

Harrell, Stevan. 1990. “Ethnicity, Local Interests, and the State: Yi Communities in Southwest China.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 32 (3): 515–48.

———. 1995. “Introduction: Civilizing Projects and the Reaction to Them.” In Cultural Encounters on China’s Ethnic Frontiers, ed. Stevan Harrell, 3–36. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

———. 2001. Ways of Being Ethnic in Southwest China. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

———. 2007. “L’état, c’est nous, or We Have Met the Oppressor and He Is Us: The Predicament of Minority Cadres in the PRC.” In The Chinese State at the Borders, ed. Diana Lary, 221–39. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.

He Limin. 1995. “Chongzu minzu wenhua, zhenxing Naxi minzu jingji” (Reestablish nationality culture, vigorously develop the national economy of the Naxi). Minzu xue (Ethnology) 1 (2): 36–39.

He Liyi, with Claire Anne Chik. 1993. Mr. China’s Son: A Villager’s Life. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Heberer, Thomas. 1989. China and Its National Minorities: Autonomy or Assimilation? Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

Hechter, Michael. 1975. Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National Development, 1536–1966. Berkeley: University of California Press.

———. 2000. Containing Nationalism. New York: Oxford University Press.

Herman, John E. 1997. “Empire in the Southwest: Early Qing Reforms to the Native Chieftain System.” Journal of Asian Studies 56: 47–73.

Hillman, Ben. 2003. “Paradise Under Construction: Minorities, Myths and Modernity in Northwest Yunnan.” Asian Ethnicity 4 (2): 175–88.

Hirschman, Albert O. 1970. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Hobsbawm, Eric J. 1990. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hoddie, Matthew. 1998. “Ethnic Identity Change in the People’s Republic of China: An Explanation Using Data from the 1982 and 1990 Census Enumerations.” In Safran, ed., 1998, 119–41.

Honig, Emily. 1992. Creating Chinese Ethnicity: Subei People in Shanghai, 1850–1980. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Horowitz, Donald O. 1971. “Three Dimensions of Ethnic Politics.” World Politics 23 (2): 232–44.

———. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Hsieh Shih-chung. 1995. “On the Dynamics of Tai/Dai-Lüe Ethnicity: An Ethnohistorical Analysis.” In Cultural Encounters on China’s Ethnic Frontiers, ed. Stevan Harrell, 301–28. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Hsu Cho-yun. 1994. “A Reflection on Marginality.” In The Living Tree: The Changing Meaning of Being Chinese Today, ed. Wei-ming Tu, 239–41. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Hsu, Francis L. K. 1948. Under the Ancestors’ Shadow: Kinship, Personality, and Social Mobility in China. New York: Columbia University Press.

Hu Hongzhang. 1993. “Huiyi Zhongyang Fangwen Tuan Yunnan fen tuan” (Recollections of the Yunnan branch of the Central Investigative Group). In Yunnan minzu gongzuo huiyi lü (Recollections of nationality work in Yunnan), ed. Wang Lianfang, 126–42. Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Hu Xuefeng. 2000. “Jianlun qingzhensi zai Huizu wenhua chuanchengzhong de zuoyong” (The role of mosques in the transmission of Hui culture). Huizu yanjiu (Hui studies) 38 (2): 47–49.

Huang Huikun. 1987. “Chan-Dai gudai kao” (Archeology of the ancient Shan-Tai). In Nationalities Research Editorial Group, Minzu yanjiu wenji (Collected writings on nationalities research), 136–57. Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

———. 1992. Cong Yueren dao Tairen (From Yues to Tais). Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

———. 2001. “Xishuangbanna Manjinglan lüyou xincun zong cehua” (Overall plan of Xishuangbanna Manjinglan new tourism village). Sixiang Zhanxian 27 (5): 53–62.

Hunt, Lynn A. 1984. Politics, Culture, and Class in the French Revolution. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Huntington, Samuel P. 2005. Who Are We? The Challenges to America’s National Identity. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Hyde, Sandra T. 2000. “Selling Sex and Side-stepping the State: Prostitutes, Condoms and HIV/AIDS Prevention in Southwest China.” East Asia: An International Quarterly 18 (4): 108–36.

———. 2003. “When Riding a Tiger It Is Difficult to Dismount.” The Yale-China Health Journal 2: 71–82.

———. 2007. Eating Spring Rice: The Cultural Politics of AIDS in Southwest China. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Inkeles, Alex. 1974. Becoming Modern: Individual Change in Six Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Israeli, Raphael. 1984. “Islam’s Incompatibility with the Chinese Order.” In Islam in Asia, ed. Raphael Israeli and Anthony H. Johns. Vol. 2. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

———. 1997. “A New Wave of Muslim Revivalism in China.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 17 (2): 269–82.

Israeli, Raphael, and Gardner-Rush, Adam. 2000. “Sectarian Islam and Sino-Muslim Identity in China.” Muslim World 90 (3/4): 439–57.

Jaschok, Maria, and Jingju Shui. 2000. The History of Women’s Mosques in Chinese Islam. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Curzon.

Jin Shaping. 1991. “Yunnan Huizu zongjiao zhidu tanxi” (Analysis of the religious system of the Yunnan Hui). Huizu yanjiu 2 (2): 13–20.

Jing Dexin. 1991. Du Wenxiu Qiyi (The Du Wenxiu uprising). Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

Jinghong Historical Materials Committee. 1995. Jinghong wenshi ziliao. Jinghong: Xi-shuangbanna Prefecture Press.

Kaup, Katherine Palmer. 2000. Creating the Zhuang: Ethnic Politics in China. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.

———. 2002. “Regionalism vs. Ethnic Nationalism in the People’s Republic of China.” China Quarterly 172: 863–82.

Kim Ho-dong. Holy War in China: The Muslim Rebellion and State in Chinese Central Asia, 1864–1877. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004.

Kohn, Hans. 1961. The Idea of Nationalism. New York: Macmillan.

Kong Lingwen. 2001. “Huizu minjian jiaoyu de zouxiang jiqi zai shehuizhuyi chuji jieduan Huizu sanzaju pinkong diqu de zuoyong” (New trends and role of Hui religious education in poor regions). In Yunnan Huizu Yanjiu Weiyuanhui (Yunnan Hui Studies Association), ed., 2001, 241–44.

Kraus, Richard Curt. 1981. Class Conflict in Chinese Socialism. New York: Columbia University Press.

———. 1989. Pianos and Politics in China: Middle-class Ambitions and the Struggle over Western Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kryukov, M. V. 1996. “Self-determination from Marx to Mao.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 19 (2): 352–78.

Kymlicka, Will. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lang, Graeme, Selina Ching Chan, and Lars Ragvald. 2005. “Folk Temples and the Chinese Religious Economy.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion 1 (4): 1–29.

Langlois, John D. Jr. 1980. “Chinese Culturalism and the Yuan Analogy: Seventeenth-Century Perspectives.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 40 (2): 355–98.

Leach, Edmund R. 1965. Political Systems of Highland Burma. Boston: Beacon Press.

Lee, James. 1982. “Food Supply and Population Growth in Southwest China, 1250–1850.” Journal of Asian Studies 41 (4): 711–46.

Lee, Leo Ou-fan. 1994. “On the Margins of the Chinese Discourse: Some Personal Thoughts on the Cultural Meaning of the Periphery.” In The Living Tree: The Changing Meaning of Being Chinese Today, ed. Wei-ming Tu, 221–38. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

———. 2000. “The Cultural Construction of Modernity in Urban Shanghai: Some Preliminary Explorations.” In Becoming Chinese: Passages to Modernity and Beyond, ed. Wen-hsin Yeh, 31–61. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Lefferts, Leedom. 1999. “Time Out of Time in Time: The ‘Bun Bang Fay’ (Rocket Festival) in Northeast Thailand.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association.

Lerner, Daniel. 1965. The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East. New York: The Free Press.

Leslie, Donald. 1998. The Integration of Religious Minorities in China: The Case of Chinese Muslims. Canberra: Australian National University Press.

Levathes, Louise. 1996. When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433. New York: Oxford University Press.

Levenson, Joseph R. 1968. Confucian China and Its Modern Fate: A Trilogy. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Li Donghong. 1997. “Baizu benzhu chongbai yanjiu shuping” (Review of research on Bai benzhu worship). Sixiang zhanxian 137 (5): 82–86.

Li Gui, ed. 1995. Yunnan jindai jingjishi (Modern Yunnan economic history). Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

Li Ji. 1994. “Yunnan Bai, Naxi, Zangzu de zongjiao xinyang yu xiandaihua” (Modernization and the religion of the Yunnan Bai, Naxi, and Tibetan nationalities). In Minzuxue yu xiandaihua (Modernization and the study of nationalities), ed. Song Shuhua, 135–49. Beijing: Zhongyang Minzu Daxue Chubanshe.

Li Rongkun. 1996. “Yunnan Yisilanjiao shi fenqi ji tezheng” (Stages and characteristics of Islam in Yunnan). Yunnan zongjiao yanjiu (Research on Yunnan religion) 18 (1): 35–40.

Li Xiaoping. 2000. “The Incoherent Nation: An Exploration of Chinese ‘Postnationalism.’” In Nation Work: Asian Elites and National Identities, ed. Timothy Brook and Andre Schmid, 191–218. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Lin Taorong. 1994. “Shichang jingji yu Zhongguo zongjiaotu xiang tansu (Analysis of the market economy and China’s religious adherents).” Shijie zongjiao yanjiu (Studies of world religions) 2: 100–108.

Lipman, Jonathan N. 1997. Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Litzinger, Ralph. 2000. Other Chinas: The Yao and the Politics of National Belonging. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Liu, Lydia. 1995. Translingual Practice: Literature, National Culture, and Translated Modernity—China, 1900–1937. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Ma Bin. 2001. “Guanyu Xi’an huifang jiaoyu xiankuang de sikao” (Thoughts on the educational situation in the Hui district of Xi’an). In Yunnan Huizu Yanjiu Weiyuanhui (Yunnan Hui Studies Association), ed., 2001, 201–04.

Ma Hengfeng. 1990. “Guanyu Ma Dexin xin pingjia wenti de zhenglun yu sikao” (On the debate concerning the reappraisal of Ma Dexin). Yunnan zongjiao yanjiu (Research on Yunnan religion) 8 (1): 48–52.

Ma Shiming. 2001. “Dui jingtang jiaoyu gaige de sikao” (Thoughts on the reform of religious education). In Yunnan Huizu Yanjiu Weiyuanhui (Yunnan Hui Studies Association), ed., 2001, 282–85.

Ma Tengfei. 1996. “Qing dai Yunnan Yisilanjiao gaikuang” (Situation of Yunnan Islam in the Qing dynasty). Yunnan zongjiao yanjiu (Research on Yunnan religion) 18 (1): 41–46.

Ma Weiliang. 1999. “Yunnan Daizu, Baizu, Zangzu he xiao liangshan Yizu diqu de Huizu” (The Hui of Dai, Bai, Tibetan and Liangshan Yi areas). In Yunnan Huizu lishi yu wenhua yanjiu (Research on the culture and history of the Yunnan Hui), ed. Ma Weiliang, 101–27. Kunming: Yunnan University Press.

———. 2001. “Yisilan wenhua yu shehui zhuyi jingshen wenming jianshe” (Islam and the construction of socialist spiritual civilization). In Yunnan Huizu Yanjiu Weiyuanhui (Yunnan Hui Studies Association), ed., 2001, 64–70.

Ma Xiongfu, ed. 1994. Huizu zhishi cidian (Dictionary of knowledge about the Hui). Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture: Xinjiang Renmin Chubanshe.

Ma Zhanlun. 1997. Yunnan Huizu Miaozu bai shehui jingji diaocha (Social and economic research on the Yunnan Hui and Miao). Kunming: Yunnan Nationalities Press.

Ma Zhaoxiong. 2000. Weishan Huizu jianshi (Brief history of the Weishan Hui). Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

Ma Zhuo and Chen Qi, eds. 1994. Yunnan minzu gongzuo sishinian (Forty years of nationality work in Yunnan). Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

Mackerras, Colin. 1988. “Aspects of Bai Culture.” Modern China 14 (1): 51–84.

———. 1994. China’s Minorities: Integration and Modernization in the Twentieth Century. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.

———. 1995. China’s Minority Cultures: Identities and Integration Since 1912. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

———. 1998. “Han-Muslim and Intra-Muslim Social Relations in Northwestern China.” In Safran, ed., 1998, 28–46.

Madsen, Richard. 1984. Morality and Power in a Chinese Village. Berkeley: University of California Press.

———. 1998. China’s Catholics. Berkeley: University of California Press.

———. 2004. “Religious Organizations and Local Self Rule in Rural China.” Paper presented at the International Conference on Grassroots Democracy and Local Governance in China during the Reform Era, National Chengchi University, Taiwan.

McCarthy, Susan K. 2000. “Ethno-religious Mobilisation and Citizenship Discourse in the People’s Republic of China.” Asian Ethnicity 1 (2): 107–16.

———. 2004. “Gods of Wealth, Temples of Prosperity: Party-state Participation in the Minority Cultural Revival.” China: An International Journal 2 (1): 28–52.

———. 2005. “If Allah Wills It: Integration, Isolation, and Muslim Authenticity in Yunnan Province in China.” Religion, State & Society 33 (2): 121–36.

McKhann, Charles F. 1995. “The Naxi and the Nationalities Question.” In Cultural Encounters on China’s Ethnic Frontiers, ed. Stevan Harrell, 39–62. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Menghai Xian Difangzhi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui (Menghai County Almanac Compilation Committee). 1997. Menghai xianzhi (Annals of Menghai County). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Mengla Xian Difangzhi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui (Mengla County Almanac Compilation Committee. 1994. Mengla xianzhi (Annals of Mengla County). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Mi Yunguang. 1995. “Shangzuobu Fojiao yu Daizu jiaoyu de guanxi” (Observations on correct handling of the relationship between Theravada Buddhism and Dai education). In Yunnan minzu jiaoyu lunwenji (Theses on nationality education in Yunnan), ed. Hai Song, 119–21. Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

Miller, Toby. 2001. “Introducing . . . Cultural Citizenship.” Social Text 19 (4): 1–5.

Moerman, Michael. 1965. “Ethnic Identification in a Complex Civilization: Who Are the Lüe?” American Anthropologist 67 (5): 1215–30.

———. 1967. “A Minority and Its Government: The Thai-Lüe of Northern Thailand.” In Southeast Asian Tribes, Minorities, and Nations, ed. Peter Kunstadter, 401–24. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Moseley, George V. H. 1966. The Party and the National Question in China. Cambridge: MIT Press.

———. 1973. The Consolidation of the South China Frontier. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Moser, Leo. 1985. The Chinese Mosaic: The Peoples and Provinces of China. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Mote, Frederick W., and Denis Twitchett, eds. 1978. The Cambridge History of China: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644. Vol. 9. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mueggler, Erik. 2001. The Age of Wild Ghosts: Memory, Violence and Place in Southwest China. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Na Wenhui. 1989. Yunnan Huizu shi (History of the Yunnan Hui). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

———. 2001. “Miandui 21 shiji—yunnan huizu diqu de jingji fazhan yu wenhua jiaoyu (The economic development and cultural education of the Yunnan Hui in the twenty-first century).” In Yunnan Huizu Yanjiu Weiyuanhui (Yunnan Hui Studies Association), ed., 2001, 211–15.

National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2006. “2005 nian quanguo 1% renkou chouyang diaocha zhuyao shuju gongbao” (Report on primary findings of the 2005 national one percent sample population survey),” March 16, 2006. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20060316_402310923.htm (accessed Sept 5, 2007).

Notar, Beth E. 1999. “Wild Histories: Popular Culture, Place and the Past in Southwest China.” PhD diss., University of Michigan.

———. 2006. Displacing Desire: Travel and Popular Culture in China. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.

———. 2006. “Authenticity Anxiety and Counterfeit Confidence.” Modern China 32 (1): 64–98.

Nu Lunding. 2002. “Mingji lishi; zhongshi jiaoyu” (Always bear in mind history, attach importance to education). Dali Muzhuan (Journal of the Dali Muslim Culture Vocational College) 1:49–50.

O’Brien, Kevin J. 1996. “Rightful Resistance.” World Politics 49: 31–55.

———. 2001. “Villagers, Elections and Citizenship in Contemporary China.” Modern China 27 (4): 407–35.

O’Brien, Kevin J., and Lianjiang Li. 1995. “The Politics of Lodging Complaints in Rural China.” China Quarterly 143: 756–83.

———. 2004. “Suing the Local State: Administrative Litigation in Rural China.” The China Journal 51 (January): 75–96.

———. 2006. Rightful Resistance in Rural China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ong, Aihwa. 1997. “Cultural Citizenship as Subject-Making.” Current Anthropology 37 (5): 737–51.

Ortner, Sherry B. 1999. “Thick Resistance: Death and the Cultural Construction of Agency in Himalayan Mountaineering.” In The Fate of “Culture”: Geertz and Beyond, ed. Sherry B. Ortner, 136–63. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Pang, Keng-fong. 1998. “Unforgiven and Remembered: The Impact of Ethnic Conflicts in Everyday Muslim-Han Social Relations on Hainan Island.” In Safran, ed., 1998, 142–62.

Pearson, Margaret. 1994. “The Janus Face of Business Associations in Foreign Enterprises.” The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 33: 25–38.

Perry, Elizabeth J. 1980. Rebels and Revolutionaries in North China, 1845–1945. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

———. 1985. “Rural Violence in Socialist China.” The China Quarterly 103: 414–40.

———. 1993. Shanghai on Strike: The Politics of Chinese Labor. Vol. 1. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

———. 1999. “Crime, Corruption, and Contention.” In The Paradox of China’s Post-Mao Reforms, ed. Merle Goldman and Roderick MacFarquhar, 308–29. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

———. 2001. “Challenging the Mandate of Heaven: Popular Protest in Modern China.” Critical Asian Studies 33 (2): 163–80.

World Bank. 2001. China: Overcoming Rural Poverty. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Pye, Lucien W. 1993. “How China’s Nationalism was Shanghaied.” The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 29: 107–33.

Ravetz, J. R. 1991. “Prospects for an Islamic Science.” Futures: The Journal of Policy, Planning and Futures Studies 23 (3): 262–72.

Rosaldo, Renato. 1994. “Cultural Citizenship and Educational Democracy.” Cultural Anthropology 9 (3): 401–11.

Rossabi, Morris. 1988. Kubilai Khan: His Life and Times. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Rossabi, Morris, ed. 2004. Governing China’s Multiethnic Frontiers. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Rothschild, Joseph. 1981. Ethnopolitics. New York: Columbia University Press.

Saich, Anthony. 2000. “Negotiating the State: The Development of Social Organizations in China.” China Quarterly 61: 124–41.

Said, Edward. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Random House.

Safran, William, ed. 1998. Nationalism and Ethnoregional Identities in China. Portland, OR: Frank Cass.

Schein, Louisa. 1997. “Gender and Internal Orientalism in China.” Modern China 23 (1): 69–98.

———. 2000. Minority Rules: The Miao and the Feminine in China’s Cultural Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Scott, James C. 1990. Domination and the Arts of Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Selden, Mark. 1993. The Political Economy of Chinese Development. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

Sethakul, Ratanaporn. “Tai Lüe of Sipsongpanna and Müang Nan in the Nineteenth Century.” In Civility and Savagery: Social Identity in Tai States, ed. Andrew Turton, 319–29. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Curzon.

Shadian District Party Committee and Government. 1996. Shadian de zuotian, jintian (Shadian, yesterday and today). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Shih Chih-yu. 2000. “Between the Mosque and the State: The Identity Strategies of the Litang Muslims.” Religion, State & Society 28 (2): 197–211.

———. 2002. “Ethnic Economy of Citizenship in China: Four Approaches to Identity Formation.” In Changing Meanings of Citizenship in Modern China, ed. Merle Goldman and Elizabeth J. Perry, 232–54. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Shue, Vivienne. 1988. The Reach of the State: Sketches of the Chinese Body Politic. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

———. 1998. “State Power and the Philanthropic Impulse in China Today.” In Philanthropy in the World’s Traditions, ed. Warren Ilchman, Stanley Katz, and Edward Queen, 332–54. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Siu, Helen F. 1990. “Recycling Tradition: Culture, History, and Political Economy in the Chrysanthemum Festivals of South China.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 32 (4): 765–94.

Smith, Anthony D. 1986. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. London: Basil Blackwell.

———. 1998. Nationalism and Modernism. London: Routledge.

Snow, David A., and Robert D. Benford. 1992. “Master Frames and Cycles of Protest.” In Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, ed. Aldon D. Morris and Carol McClurg Mueller, 133–55. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Solinger, Dorothy J. 1977. Regional Government and Political Integration in Southwest China, 1949–1954. Berkeley: University of California Press.

———. 1999. Contesting Citizenship in Urban China: Peasant Migrants, the State, and the Logic of the Market. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Somers, Margaret R. 1993. “Citizenship and the Place of the Public Sphere: Law, Community, and Political Culture in the Transition to Democracy.” American Sociological Review 58 (5): 587–620.

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 1988. “Can the Subaltern Speak?” In Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory, ed. Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman, 66–111. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Strand, David. 2000. “ ‘A High Place Is No Better Than a Low Place’: The City in the Making of Modern China.” In Becoming Chinese: Passages to Modernity and Beyond, ed. Wen-hsin Yeh, 98–136. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Sturgeon, Janet C. 2005. Border Landscapes: The Politics of Akha Land Use in China and Thailand. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Swain, Margaret B. 1990. “Commoditizing Ethnicity in Southwest China.” Cultural Survival Quarterly 14 (1): 26–29.

Tan Leshan. 1986. “Xishuangbanna Daizu shehui de bianqian yu dangqian mianlin de wenti” (Past and current problems facing Xishuangbanna Dai society). In Yunnan duominzu tese de shehui zhuyi xiandaihua wenti yanjiu (Problems of socialist modernization among Yunnan minorities), ed. Xiao Qi, 278–81. Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Tapp, Nicholas. 2000. “Ritual Relations and Identity: Hmong and Others.” In Civility and Savagery: Social Identity in Tai States, ed. Andrew Turton, 84–103. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Curzon.

Thornton, Patricia M. 2003. “The New Cybersects: Resistance and Repression in the Reform Era.” In Chinese Society: Change, Conflict and Resistance, ed. Elizabeth J. Perry and Mark Selden, 247–70. 2d ed. London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon.

Thurston, Anne F. 2004. “China’s New NGOs and the Rise of Social Entrepreneurship: Their Effect on Civil Society and Local Level Leadership.” Paper presented at the International Conference on Grassroots Democracy and Local Governance in China during the Reform Era, National Chengchi University. http://140.109.171.199/1010meeting/1-1.pdf (accessed Sept. 5, 2006).

Tonghai Xianzhi Gongzuo Weiyuanhui. 1992. Tonghai xianzhi (Annals of Tonghai county). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Townsend, James. 1992. “Chinese Nationalism.” The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 27: 97–130.

Trevor-Roper, Hugh. 1992. “The Invention of Tradition: The Highland Tradition of Scotland.” In The Invention of Tradition, ed. E. J. Hobsbawm and Terence O. Ranger, 15–41. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tsai, Lily Lee. 2002. “Cadres, Temple and Lineage Institutions, and Governance in Rural China.” The China Journal 48: 1–27.

Tu, Wei-ming. 1994. “Cultural China: The Periphery as the Center.” In The Living Tree: The Changing Meaning of Being Chinese Today, ed. Tu Wei-ming, 1–34. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Twitchett, Denis C., ed. 1978. The Cambridge History of China: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368. Vol. 7. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Unger, Jonathan. 1996. “Bridges: Private Business, the Chinese Government and the Rise of New Associations.” China Quarterly 147: 795–819.

United States Congressional-Executive Commission on China. 2004. Practicing Islam in Today’s China: Differing Realities for the Uighurs and the Hui. 108th Cong., 2d session. Washington: GPO, 2004.

Wakeman, Frederic Jr. 1993. “The Civil Society and Public Sphere Debate: Western Reflections on Chinese Political Culture.” Modern China 19 (April): 108–38.

———. 2000. “Hanjian (Traitor)! Collaboration and Retribution in Wartime Shanghai.” In Becoming Chinese: Passages to Modernity and Beyond, ed. Wen-hsin Yeh, 298–341. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Wan Guanghua and Zhou Zhangyue. 2004. “Income Inequality in China.” United Nations University-World Institute for Development Economics Research Paper 51. http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/rps/rps2004/rp2004-051.pdf (accessed August 3, 2005).

Wang Hui. 2000. “Zhang Taiyan’s Concept of the Individual and Modern Chinese Identity.” In Becoming Chinese: Passages to Modernity and Beyond, ed. Wen-hsin Yeh, 231–59. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Wang Hui, and Rebecca Karl. 1998. “Contemporary Chinese Thought and the Question of Modernity.” Social Text 55: 9–44.

Wang Jianping. 1996. Concord and Conflict: The Hui Communities of Yunnan. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.

Wang Yunfang. 1985. “Kunming diqu qingzhensi diaocha” (Research on Kunming area mosques). In Yunnan Sheng Buanzuan Weiyuanhui (Yunnan Provincial Compilation Committee), Yunnan Huizu shehui lishi diaocha zhi yi (Research on the social history of the Yunnan Hui), 97–99. Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

Wang Zhusheng, and Yang Hui. 1987. “Guanyu Minzu Jingji de jige lilun wenti” (Several questions concerning nationalities economy). In Nationalities Research Editorial Group, Minzu yanjiu wenji (Collected writings on nationalities research), 68–77. Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

Wank, David L. 1995. “Civil Society in Communist China? Private Business and Political Alliance, 1989.” In Civil Society: Theory, History, Comparison, ed. John A. Hall, 56–79. Cambridge: Polity Press.

———. 1995. “Private Business, Bureaucracy, and Political Alliance in a Chinese City.” Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 33: 55–71.

———. 1998. “Political Sociology and Contemporary China: State-Society Images in American China Studies.” Journal of Contemporary China 7 (18): 205–27.

Weber, Max. 1968. “On the Nature of Charismatic Authority and Its Routinization.” In On Charisma and Institution Building, ed. S. N. Eisenstadt, 48–65. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Weishan Yizu Huizu Zizhixian Bianzuan Weiyuanhui (Weishan Yi-Hui Autonomous County Compilation Committee), ed. 1992. Weishan Yizu Huizu zizhixian minzu zongjiao zhi (Annals of Weishan minorities and religion). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

———. 1993. Weishan xianzhi (Annals of Weishan Yi-Hui Autonomous County). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

———. 1999. Weishan nianjian (Weishan yearbook). Mangshi: Dehong Minzu Chubanshe.

Weller, Robert P. 1999. Alternate Civilities: Democracy and Culture in China and Taiwan. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

White, Gordon, Jude Howell, and Hsiao-yuan Shang, eds. 1996. In Search of Civil Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

White, Sydney D. 1998. “State Discourses, Minority Policies, and the Politics of Identity in the Lijiang Naxi People’s Autonomous County.” In Safran, ed., 1998, 9–27.

Wong, R. Bin. 1999. “Citizenship in Chinese History.” In Extending Citizenship, Reconfiguring States, ed. Michael Hanagan and Charles Tilly, 97–122. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

———. 2000. “Two Kinds of Nation, What Kind of State?” In Nation Work: Asian Elites and National Identities, ed. Timothy Brook and Andre Schmid, 109–24. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Woo, Margaret Y. K. 2002. “Law and the Gendered Citizen.” In Changing Meanings of Citizenship in Modern China, ed. Merle Goldman and Elizabeth J. Perry, 308–29. Contemporary China Series. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Wu, David Y. H. 1990. “Chinese Minority Policy and the Meaning of Minority Culture: The Example of the Bai in Yunnan, China.” Human Organization 49 (1): 1–13.

———. 1994. “The Construction of Chinese and non-Chinese Identities.” In The Living Tree: The Changing Meaning of Being Chinese Today, ed. Tu Wei-ming, 148–67. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Wu Guodong. 1992. Baizu yinyuezhi (Annals of Bai music). Beijing: Wenhua Yishu Chubanshe.

Wu Xude. 1986. “Yisilanjiao yu dangdai guoji zhengzhi” (Islam and contemporary international politics). In Zongjiao lungao (Essays on religion), 36–81. Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Xiao Qi, ed. 1986. Yunnan duominzu tese de shehui zhuyi xiandaihua wenti yanjiu (Special problems of socialist modernization in multiethnic Yunnan). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Xie Jingqiu. 1999. Yunnan jingnei de shaoshu minzu (Minorities of the Yunnan interior). Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe.

Xiong Xiyuan. 1994. Minzu xinli yu minzu yishi (Nationality psychology and nationality consciousness). Kunming: Yunnan University Press.

Xishuangbanna Guotu Jingji Bianzhi Weiyuanhui (Xishuangbanna Ministry of Land and Resources Editorial Committee). 1990. Xishuangbanna guotu jingji kaocha baogao (Economic report of the Ministry of Land and Resources of Xishuangbanna). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Xishuangbanna Nianjian Bianzhi Weiyuanhui (Xishuangbanna Yearbook Editorial Committee), ed. 1997. Xishuangbanna nianjian (Xishuangbanna yearbook). Kunming: Yunnan Keji Chubanshe.

Xu Ben. 1998. “ ‘From Modernity to Chineseness’: The Rise of Nativist Cultural Theory in Post-1989 China.” Positions 6 (1): 203–37.

Xu Jian. 1999. “Body, Discourse, and the Cultural Politics of Contemporary Chinese Qigong.” Journal of Asian Studies 58 (4): 961–99.

Yang Dali. 1997. Beyond Beijing: Liberalization and the Regions of China. London: Routledge.

Yang Jingchu. 1994. “Shehui zhuyi shichang jingji yu minzu guanxi de jige wenti” (Several questions concerning the socialist market economy and nationality relations). Minzu yanjiu (Research on nationalities) 5: 1–9.

Yang, Mayfair Mei-hui. 2000. “Putting Global Capitalism in Its Place: Economic Hybridity, Bataille, and Ritual Expenditure.” Current Anthropology 41 (4): 477–509.

Yang Qichang. 1995. “Chonghuan Naxizu kaikuo jingshang de minzu jingsheng” (Reawake the original commercial spirit of the Naxi nationality).” Minzu Xue (Ethnology) 1 (2): 40–45.

Yang Xuandian, ed. 1988. Xizhou zhi (Annals of Xizhou). Dali: Dali Shi Yinshuachang.

Yang Xuyun. 1994. “Yongping xian Qutong Huizu xiang funü wenti diaocha” (Investigation of the situation of women in Qutong Hui Township, Yongping County). Minzu Xue (Ethnography) 1 (2): 75–78.

Yang Yingxin. 1992. “Baizu wenzi keyi zouchao fangyan biaoyin wenzi de daolu” (Representing local dialects in the Bai script). Dali wenhua xuebao (Journal of Dali culture) 2: 83–85.

Yang Zhengye. 1994. Benzhu wenhua (Benzhu culture). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Young, Crawford. 1976. The Politics of Cultural Pluralism. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Yunnan Huizu Yanjiu Weiyuanhui (Yunnan Hui Studies Association), ed. 2001. Quanguo di shiyi ci Huizu shi taolunhui gai quanguo Huizu xuehui chengli dahui lunwenji (Proceedings of the 11th National Conference of Hui Studies and the Establishment Ceremony of China Hui Studies Association in Kunming). Vol. 1. Kunming: Yunnan University Press.

Yunnan Jingji Nianjian Bianzhibu (Yunnan Economic Yearbook Editorial Group). Multiple years. Yunnan jingji nianjian (Yunnan economic yearbook). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Yunnan Nianjian Bianzhi Weiyuanhui (Yunnan Yearbook Editorial Committee). Multiple years. Yunnan nianjian (Yunnan yearbook). Kunming: Yunnan Nianjian Zazhishi Chubanshe.

Yunnan Sheng Bianji Weiyuanhui (Yunnan Provincial Compilation Committee). 1983. Daizu shehui lishi diaocha (Research on the social history of the Dai). Vols. 1–10. Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

———. 1983. Xishuangbanna Daizu shehui zonghe diaocha (Synthesis of research on Xishuangbanna Dai society). Vols. 1, 2. Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

———. 1985. Yunnan Huizu shehui lishi diaocha (Research on the social history of the Yunnan Hui). Vols. 1–3. Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

———. 1988. Baizu shehui lishi diaocha (Research on the social history of the Bai). Vols. 2–4. Kunming: Yunnan Binzu Chubanshe.

Yunnan Sheng Difangzhi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui (Yunnan Provincial Local Records Compilation Committee). 1995. Yunnan shengzhi: Jiaoyu zhi (Annals of Yunnan Province: Education). Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe.

———. 1995. Yunnan shengzhi: Zongjiao zhi (Annals of Yunnan Province: Religion). Kunming: Yünnan Renmin Chubanshe.

Yunnan Sheng Renkou Pucha Bangongshi (Yunnan Provincial Population Census Office). 1992. Yunnan sheng 1990 nian renkou pucha ziliao (Data on the 1990 Yunnan provincial census). Beijing: Zhongguo Tongji Chubanshe.

———. 2002. Yunnan sheng 2000 nian renkou pucha ziliao (Data on the 2000 Yunnan provincial census). Kunming: Yunnan Keji Chubanshe.

Yunnan Sheng Tongji Jubian (Statistical Bureau of Yunnan Province). Multiple years. Yunnan tongji nianjian (Yunnan statistical yearbook). Beijing: Zhongguo Tongji Chubanshe.

Zanasi, Margherita. 2000. “Chen Gongbo and the Construction of a Modern Nation.” In Nation Work: Asian Elites and National Identities, ed. Timothy Brook and Andre Schmid, 125–58. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Zarrow, Peter. 1997. “Introduction: Citizenship in China and the West.” In Imagining the People: Chinese Intellectuals and the Concept of Citizenship, 1890–1920, ed. Joshua Fogel and Petter Zarrow. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

Zhang Wenbo. 1992. “Jianchuan Xizhong Bai Han shuangyuwen jiaoxue shixian qingkuang de diaocha” (Investigation of the Jianchuan Xizhong Bai-Han bilingual education experiment). Keji jiaoyu (Science and technology education) 2: 34–40.

———. 1992. “Zhang Zizhai, Ma Zhuo deng tongzhi tan tuixing Baizu wenzi wenti” (Comrades Zhang Zizhai and Ma Zhuo on problems regarding the implementation of the Bai script). Dali wenhua xuebao (Journal of Dali culture) 2: 34–48.

———. 1995. “Bai Han shuangyu jiaoxue yanjiu” (Research on Bai-Han bilingual education). In Minzu Jiaoyu Bianjizu (Nationalities Education Editorial Group), Yunnan shaoshu minzu shuangyu jiaoxue yanjiu (Research on Yunnan minority bilingual education), 239–60. Kunming: Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe.

Zhang, Xin, and Richard Baum. 2004. “Report from the Field: Civil Society and the Anatomy of a Rural NGO.” The China Journal 52: 97–113.

Zhang Xudong. 1997. Chinese Modernism in the Era of Reforms. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Zhang Yongqing. 1994. “Yisilanjiao de shichang guan yu xibei musilin juju diqu de shichang jianshe” (The Islamic view of markets and the establishment of markets in Muslim communities of the Northwest). Minzu yanjiu (Nationalities research) 2: 23–31.

Zhang Yongqing, Ma Ping, and Liu Tianming. 1994. Yisilanjiao yu jingji (Islam and economics). Yinchuan: Ningxia Renmin Chubanshe.

Zhao Chunzhou. 1995. “Banna xiangjiao shiye de kaikuozhe Qian Fangzhou” (Qian Fangzhou, developer of the rubber industry in Banna). In Jinghong Committee of the CPPCC, Jinghong wenshi ziliao (Materials on the history and culture of Jinghong), vol. 2, 133–40. Jinghong: Xishuangbanna Prefecture Press.

Zhao Cunxin. 1991. “Cong guizu dao gongpu” (From aristocrat to public servant). In Minzu Tuanjie Bianzhibu (Nationalities Unity Editorial Group), Zhongguo de zizhizhou zhouzhang (Leading officials of China’s autonomous prefectures), 45–56. Beijing: Jinri Zhongguo Chubanshe.

———. 1995. “Zai Cheli xian gongzuo de huiyi” (Recollections on work in Cheli county). In Jinghong Committee of the CPPCC, Jinghong wenshi ziliao (Materials on the history and culture of Jinghong), 125–32. Vol. 2. Jinghong: Xishuangbanna Prefecture Press.

Zhao Suisheng. 2004. A Nation-State By Construction: Dynamics of Modern Chinese Nationalism. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Zhong Gong Xishuangbanna Zhouwei, Dangshi Zhengji Yanjiu Shibian (Xishuangbanna Party Committee Office of Party History Records Research). 2000. Xishuangbanna wushi nian, 1950–2000 (Xishuangbanna fifty years, 1950–2000). Xishuangbanna: Dangshi Zhengji Yanjiu Shibian.

Zhongguo Jiaoyu Nianjian Bianzhi Weiyuanhui (China Education Yearbook Editorial Committee). 1998. Zhongguo jiaoyu nianjian (China education yearbook). Beijing: Zhongguo Jiaoyu Chubanshe.

Zhongguo Shaoshu Minzu Jiaoyu Bianzhi Weiyuanhui (China Minority Education Editorial Group). 1998. Zhongguo shaoshu minzu jiaoyu shi (History of minority education in China). Kunming: Yunnan Jiaoyu Chubanshe.

Zhongguo Tongji Nianjian Bianzhi Weiyuanhui (China Statistical Yearbook Editorial Committee). Multiple years. Zhongguo tongji nianjian (China statistical yearbook). Beijing: Zhongguo Tongji Chubanshe.