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table of contents
General Glossary-Index
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
CONVENTIONS
Chinese-language items are listed under their translated titles, followed by Hanyu Pinyin and Chinese characters in parentheses:
“Account of a Sightseeing Trip to the Yan Caverns” (You Yandong ji 游顏洞記)
Likewise, names of Chinese government organs and office titles are listed under their English translations:
administrator for public order (sili canjun 司理參軍)
Directorate of Education (Guozi Jian 國子監)
With some exceptions, names, terms, and related items translated from Chinese are listed under their English translation, and alternate written forms of Chinese characters appear in brackets.
Buddhist retreat (an 庵 [廣])
An asterisk precedes the names of Buddhist monks:
*Tranquil Hearing (Jingwen 靜聞; d. 1637)
- Aboriginal chief (tusi 土司), 388n1
- aboriginal prefecture magistrate (tu zhifu 土知府), 494
- “Abundant Fields Flowing Fragrance” (Guangdian liufang 廣甸流芳) (inscription title), 392
- Account of the Yuanyou Faction (Yuanyou Dang ji 元佑黨籍), 294, 295n17
- account/record (ji 記) (Chinese prose genre), 268n13
- accounts of local places (diji 地記), 464
- administrator for public order (sili canjun 司理參軍), 127
- advanced scholar (jinshi 進士), xvii
- afternoon (wuhou 午後), xix
- Ai Xingke 艾行可 (d. 1637), 245, 247, 248, 249, 253
- aide-de-camp (mujun 目軍), 347
- aide in the Court of Imperial Entertainments (guanglu cheng 光祿丞), 473
- A-Meng 阿蒙. See Lü Meng
- Amitabha, 375n1
- an 案 (to take note), 90
- An Bangyan 安邦彥 (d. 1628), 354n5
- An Lushan 安祿山 Rebellion (755–63), 195n21
- Analects (Lunyu 論語), xxxiii, xxxiiin19
- An’s Rebellion (Anshi luan 安氏亂), 354, 354n5
- Arcane Emperor (Xuandi 玄帝), 27, 111
- Arcane Warrior (Xuanwu 玄武) (Daoist deity), 107, 111n6, 113n9
- arhat (luohan 羅漢), 10n18, 20n13, 155
- army-inspecting censor (jianjun yushi 監軍御史), 361, 361n2
- army quarters (yingfang 營房), lv
- Asoka (aka Ashoka), Great (Chinese: Ashujia 阿輸迦) (ancient emperor of India), 423, 513, 513n41
- assistant regional commander(s) (canjiang 參將), 383–84
- associate administrator (tongzhi 同知), 484
- attendant (bashi 把事), 435
- attendant (suifu 隨夫), liv
- *Auspicious Light (Ruiguang 瑞光), 94
- *Auspicious Peak (Ruifeng 瑞峰), 201, 202
- “Autumn Scents in Gold Valley” (Jingu qiuxiang 金谷秋香) (scroll title), 342
- Avalokiteśvara (Chinese: Guanyin 觀音) (bodhisattva name), 203, 267, 267n9, 325
- *Aware of Enlightenment (Zhijue 知覺), 63
- *Aware of Vacuity (Wukong 悟空), 43
- azaleas, mountain (shanjuan 山鵑), 5, 420
- bafen 八分 (calligraphy style), 94, 94n23
- bamboo fish (zhuyu 竹魚), 255
- bamboo raft (fa 筏), liv
- Ban, Miss (Banshi 班氏), 319, 319n10
- banana plant (bajiao 芭蕉), 159
- Banished Transcendent (Zhexian 謫仙), 290, 291n14. See also Li Bai
- Baoyou 寶祐 reign (1253–59), 293
- Bathing the Buddha (Yu Fo 浴佛) (holiday), 116, 116n16
- beaded curtains (zhulian 珠簾), 96
- belvedere (ge 閣), xxi
- betel plum (langmei 榔梅), 111
- *Beyond the Clouds (Yunwai 雲外), 160, 478
- bezoar (goubao 狗寶; lit., “dog’s treasure”), 447
- Bi Guanzhi 畢貫之, 58
- *Big Mistake (Dacuo 大錯) (secular name Qian Bangqi 錢邦豈, 1602–73), 493
- bingxu 丙戌 (day, year), 485, 485n51
- bingzi 丙子 (day, year), 455, 479, 489
- Biographies of Gods and Transcendents (Shenxian zhuan 神仙傳), 509n15
- bird-track trail (niaodao 鳥道), 20n12, 36, 80, 123
- black incense (heixiang 黑香), 436, 436n21
- Black Yi (Heiyi 黑彝) (people), 386n31
- “Blessed Peace Monastery” (Funing Si 福寧寺) (inscription title), 408
- boat (zhou 舟), liv
- Bodhi tree, 508
- Bodhidharma (Damo dashi 達磨大師; ca. fifth cent.), 95n26, 97, 97n30, 98
- bones (gu 骨), 511n30
- Boyi 伯夷, 147, 147n8
- brigade commander (youji 游擊), 360
- *Brimming Chamber (Manshi 滿室), 344
- bu 步 (Chinese “step” or “pace”), xx
- Buddhist Canon (Cangjing 藏經), 394, 439n30, 448, 449
- budding talent (xiucai 秀才), xvii
- Bureau of Military Affairs (Shubu 樞部), 384
- calamus (changpu 菖蒲), 284
- camellias (shancha 山茶), 259, 369, 373, 377, 421, 427
- canary-creeper flowers (jinlian hua 金蓮花), 93
- cannas (meiren jiao 美人蕉), 159, 159n9
- canteen (zhonghuo 中火), 357, 358, 358n18
- Cao Chencai 曹宸採, 369
- Cao Junfu 曹駿甫 (courtesy name Xueyou 學游), xxxvii, xxxix
- Cao Xuequan 曹學佺 (courtesy name Nengshi 能始; 1574–1646), 250, 250–51n25, 266, 266n4; Gazetteer on Famous Surpassing Scenic Sites (Mingsheng zhi 名勝志), 250, 250n51
- cascading waterfall (feibu 飛布), 6n7
- catalpa (zi 梓), 474, 474n10
- catty (jin 斤) (weight measure), 255, 255n39
- celestial gates (tianmen 天門) (vertical rock landforms), 267n8
- Celestial Transcendent (Tianxian 天仙) (daughter of the Yellow Emperor), 87
- Cen 岑 (surname), 327
- *Cessation and Contentment (Zhizu 止足), 451
- Chan (or Zen) Buddhism, 65n16, 95, 95n26, 97n30, 299, 395
- “Chance Meeting on Numinous Mountain” (Lingshan yihui 靈山 一會) (inscription title), 394
- Changes Canon (Yijing 易經), 398n8
- Chao Fu 巣父, 483, 483n44
- charcoal burners (shaotanzhe 燒炭者), 163, 163n13
- Chen Baisha 陳白沙, 250
- Chen Hanhui 陳函輝 (1589–1646) (author of Xu Xiake’s commemorative tomb biography), xxix, xxin13, xxxii, 191n4; Commemorative Tomb Biography of Xu Xiake (Xu Xiake muzhiming 徐霞客墓誌銘), 471–86
- Chen Hanhui 陳含暉 (probably a cousin of Xu Xiake), 191, 191n4
- Chen Hong 陳泓 (courtesy name Tijing 体靜; fl. 1776), 369, 370n1; “Overview of the Similarities and Differences among the Various Editions [of The Travel Diaries of Xu Xiake]” (Zhuben yitong kaolüe 諸本異同考略), xxxvii
- Chen Jiru 陳繼儒 (nickname Meigong 眉公; 1558–1639), xvi, li, 191, 395n4, 433, 443n35, 468, 472, 477
- Chen Mengxiong 陳夢熊, 347
- Chen Renxi 陳仁錫 (nickname Zhitai 芝臺; 1581–1636), 435, 435n20, 472, 477, 478
- Chen Tiangong 陳天工 (aka Commandery Marquis Chen [Chen Junhou 陳郡侯], 1589–1644), 415
- Chen Tuan 陳摶 (aka Xiyi xiansheng 希夷先生, or the Master Looked for, but Not Seen; Listened for, But Not Heard; d. 989), 115, 115n13
- Chen Yan 陳衍 (Song dynasty), 254
- Chen Yongqing 陳用卿, 250
- Chen Zhonglin 陳仲鄰, 371
- Cheng Hao 程顥 (1032–85), 93n21
- Cheng Huan 程還, 413
- Cheng Yi 程頤 (1033–1107), 93n21
- chi 尺 (Chinese “foot”), xx
- chief food steward (shang shijian 尚食監), 378n19
- “China’s greatest traveler” (woguo lüxing wei bisheng shiye de diyiren 我國旅行為畢生事業的第一人), xlii
- Chongzhen 崇禎 , Ming dynasty emperor (r. 1627–44), xxxv, 117, 117n1, 383, 383n26, 402n12
- Chongzhen Reign Period Gazetteer for Jiangyin County (Chongzhen Jiangyin xianzhi 崇禎江陰縣志), 145n5
- Chronicles of Travels (Youji 游紀), 250, 250n25
- Chu Shaotang 褚紹唐 (1912–2004), xv, xxviin2, xxixn4, xxxi-iin13, xl, xli, lviii, lx
- Chu-Tsing Li (Li Zhujin 李鑄晉; 1920–2014), xxxn8
- cinnabar (dan 丹), 79, 79n7, 303, 304, 304n27, 306, 511, 511n26
- *Circular Tranquility (Yuanxing 圓興), 432
- Cisheng, Empress 慈聖 (1018–79), 449, 449n3
- Clear and Bright Festival (Qingming Jie 清明節), 116, 116n15
- clerical script (lishu 隸書), 94n23
- “Cliff Wall Standing Myriad Rods High” (Bili wanren 壁立萬仞) (inscription title), 214
- cloister (yuan 院), xxi
- *Cloud Peak (Yunfeng 雲峰), 6
- *Cloud White (Yunbai 雲白), 311, 320, 337, 340
- *Clumsy Ignorance (Zhuoyu 拙愚), 428
- coffin-wood tree (shoumu 壽木; lit., “longevity tree”), 259, 259n49
- col (wu 塢), 13n30
- *Cold Mountain (Japanese: Kanzan; Chinese: Hanshan 寒山), 12, 12n26
- commandery (jun 郡), xviii
- commissioner (anchen 按臣), 385
- *Compassionate Illumination (Ciming 慈明), 42
- *Compliant Hearing (Congwen 從聞), 201
- Comprehensive Account of Mount Clear and Cool (Qingliang tongzhuan 清涼通傳), 449
- Comprehensive Gazetteer of Heng County (Hengzhou tongzhi 衡州通志), 248–49
- Confucius (Kongzi 孔子; Kongfuzi 孔夫子), xxxiii, 438, 442n34, 454, 467, 481, 501
- conifer (shan 杉), 10
- *Contemplating Wisdom (Canhui 參慧), 290, 294, 297, 301
- cooking (xiangji 香積), 510n22
- county (xian 縣), xviii
- county magistrate (zhixian 知縣), 485
- Court of State Ceremonials (Honglu Si 鴻臚寺), 473
- courtesy name (zi 字), xvi
- Cowherd (Niulang 牛郎), 224n20
- crab apple (haitang 海棠), 13
- Crane Hills (Hexun 鶴峋) (recluse name), 407
- cream (tihu 醍醐), 511, 511n31
- cun 寸 (Chinese “inch”), xx
- curly sides (juanbian 卷邊) (variety of camellia), 378
- cypress (bai 柏), 71, 98, 115, 184, 259, 374, 412
- Dai 戴 (surname), 247
- dawn (chen 晨), xix
- daylily (tianhua cai 天花菜), 175
- Deng 鄧 (surname), 261
- Department of Operations (Zhifang Si 職方司), 384, 384n27
- desire (tan 貪), 504
- *Desolate Land (Shenye 莘野; aka Shen Shenye 沈莘野), 396, 409, 414, 425, 446
- *Deva Incense (Tianxiang 天香), 396, 418, 421
- *Dharma Storehouse (Fazang 法藏; 643–712), 269, 269n14
- Ding Day Sacrifice (Jiding 祭丁), 437–38, 438n28
- Ding Lingwei 丁令威, 507n3
- Ding Wenjiang 丁文江 (aka V. K. Ting; 1887–1936), xviii, xxix, xl, 463, 485
- director of the general bureau (dubu 督部), 360
- Directorate of Education (Guozi Jian 國子監), xxxi, 529
- district jailor (dianshi 典史), 378
- district magistrate (daling 大令), 482
- divided heart big reds (fenxin dahong 分心大紅) (variety of camellia), 378, 378n16
- divided hearts (fenxin 分心) (variety of camellia), 378, 378n16
- divination; to seek a divination lot (qiuqian 求簽), lvii, 347, 478
- divine dragons (shenlong 神龍), 240, 240n4
- Documents Canon (Shujing 書經), xiv, 454, 455, 475n14, 489n5
- Documents on the Han (Hanshu 漢書), 463
- dong 洞 (cavern; cave; grotto), xxxii
- Dong men (dongding 侗丁 (people), 335n37
- Dong Qichang 董其昌 (1555–1636), xxi, xxin12, 443n35, 477, 485
- Dong Qiying 董其英, 348
- Double Ninth Festival (Chongjiu Jie 重九節), 446, 446n2, 499
- Dragon Boat Festival (Duanwu Jie 端午節), 77, 77n2, 284
- Dragon Sands (Longsha 龍砂), 388, 399, 418, 422, 423, 424
- dragon-scaled pine (longlin 龍鱗), 426
- drum (gu 鼓) (nighttime division), xix
- Du Fu 杜甫 (712–70), 483; “Seeing off Kong Chaofu Who Has Resigned on Account of Illness and Will Return East of the Changjiang to Visit: Presented to Li Bai” (Song Kong Chaofu xiebing guiyou Jiangdong: jian cheng Li Bai 送孔巢父謝病歸遊江東兼呈李白), 483n44
- Du Shi 都實, 497, 497n1
- Du Shizheng 杜實徵, 346, 347, 349
- Duke of State (Guogong 國公), 402n12
- Duke of Zhou (Zhougong 周公; r. 1042–1035 BCE), 442n34
- Duruo 杜若, 189
- earth (tu 土), 402n13
- Earthly Branches (Dizhi 地支), 444n37
- education commissioner (tixue qianshi 提學僉事), 284n3
- elevated candidate (juren 舉人), xvii
- elucidating master (jiangshi 講師), 146, 146n6
- Embracing Completion (Rongcheng 容成), 58, 60
- Emperor’s Throne (Dizuo 帝座[坐]), 354, 354n4
- *Empty Universe (Xuyu 虛宇), 428
- Eternal Buddha (Shoufo 壽佛), 266, 375n13
- “Even More Extraordinary Rock Formation” (Shizhuang youqi 石狀 又奇) (inscription title; landscape classification), 405
- *Expound the Fundamentals (Qiben 啓本), 354
- extortion (xusuo 需索), 112, 112n8
- face and eyes (mianmu 面目), 63n13, 181
- Faction Account Stele (Dangji bei 黨記碑), 295
- Fan Chengxun 范承勛 (1641–1714), 493
- Fang Yujie 房玉潔, 347
- Fangruo 芳若 (Xu Xiake’s uncle), 77, 81, 468
- fanti zi 繁體字 (traditional or full-form Chinese characters), xvi
- Fashioner of Change (Zaohua 造化 or Zuohuazhe 造化者), 363, 363n11
- Fashioner of Things (Zaowu 造物 or Zaowuzhe 造物者), 363n11, 497
- feathered gentleman (yushi 羽士), 28n13, 29, 52, 53
- feathered ones (yuren 羽人), 241n7
- Feng 封 (sacrificial ceremony to Heaven), 90–91n14, 244n9
- Feng Shijin 馮士晉, 359n20
- Feng Shijun 馮士俊, 365, 365n15
- Feng Shike 馮時可 (courtesy name Yuancheng 元成; 1546–1619), 425
- Feng Shiren 馮士仁 (jinshi 1634), 455; Jiangyin xianzhi 江陰縣志, 455
- fire (huo 火), 358n18
- fire money (huoqian 火錢), lvi
- First Emperor of Qin (Qin Shihuang 秦始皇; r. 222–10 BCE), 217, 514–15n52, 515n59
- First Trigram (Qian 乾), 398n8
- five-maned pine (wulie 五鬣), 426
- Five Phases (or Five Elements; Wuxing 五行), 402n13
- Five Relationships (Wulun 五倫), 481, 481n37
- Flatlander Yao (Pingdi Yao 平地瑤), 257n43
- flowering peony (shaoyao 芍藥), 377
- “Foolish Old Man Who Moved a Mountain” (Yugong yishan 愚公 移山), 504
- *Foundling (Shide 拾得), 12, 12n26
- Four Generals (Sijiang 四將), 111–12, 112n7
- fox nut (cishi 茨實), 421
- framed structure (jiawu 架屋), 49, 49n6
- Fu Xi (or Fuxi) 伏羲, 50, 51n9
- Fu Zonglong 傅宗龍 (d. 1641), 361, 361n2
- *Full Moon (Yuelun 月輪), 429, 448, 449
- *Full Virtue (Dechong 德充), 451
- *Fundamental Nonexistence (Benwu 本無), 399, 422, 424, 425
- furrow (ligou 犁溝), 102n4
- fuyi 負扆 (assume the role of emperor; lit., “turn one’s back to the screen”), 90n13
- Gaffer Jie (Jieweng 介翁). See Li Ji
- gai 蓋 (sentence initial), xx
- Gan Ying 甘英, 497, 497n1
- Ganmala 甘麻剌 (aka the Prince of Liang [Liangwang 梁王]; 1263–1302), 375n14
- Gao, Emperor (Gaodi 高帝) (Southern Qi dynasty; r. 479–83), 475, 475n17
- Gao Panlong 高攀龍 (1562–1626), xxxv, xxxvn24, 117
- Gao Qu 高袪, 378n19
- Gautama Buddha, 65n16, 423n9, 506, 508n9, 508n10, 508n11, 523n45. See also Shakyamuni
- Gazette (Bao 報; Dibao 邸報), 342
- Ge Hong 葛洪 (aka Magistrate Ge [Geling 葛令]; 283–364), 199n30, 303n25. See also Magistrate Ge
- geng 更 (watches in the night), xix
- gengchen 庚辰 (year), 455, 493
- gengshen 庚申 (year), 77
- gengwu 庚午 (year), 129
- gentleman for managing affairs (chengshi lang 承事郎), 472
- gentleman in the Department of Operations (zhifang lang 職方郎), 384, 384n27, 385
- geographical investigation (dili kaocha 地理考察), xlvii
- geomancy (fengshui 風水), 388
- ginkgo fruit (baiguo 白果), 194, 447
- given name (ming 名), xvi
- glory (foguang 佛光) (atmospheric phenomenon), 508n8, 512n33, 521n38
- Go (weiqi 圍棋) (board game), 331n26, 336
- Gold Transcendent (Jinxian 金仙) (statue name), 348
- Golden Robe (Jinlan 金襴), 508, 508n10
- golden thread fish (jinxian yu 金線魚), 376
- Golden Tiger Tally (Jinhu Fu 金虎符), 456, 456–57n14
- *Good Karma (Miaoxing 妙行), 447, 448, 450
- government student (xianshi 縣士), 422
- grand academician (da xueshi 大學士), 485
- grand coordinator (fuchen 撫臣), 383, 384, 385
- grand scribe (taishi 太史), 480, 480n33
- grand uncle (shuweng 叔翁), 25n2
- Granny Pan (Panlao 潘姥), 202, 203
- Great Emperor Who Subdues Demons (Fumo Dadi 伏魔大帝), 255, 255n36
- Great Master (Dashi 大士) (epithet for the Buddha), 397n7
- *Great Opportunity (Daji 大機), 425
- *Great Strength (Dali 大力), 411
- grotto heaven (dongtian 洞天), 302
- gu 鼓 (nighttime “drums”), xix
- Gu Bochang 顧伯昌, xix
- Gu Dongshu 顧東曙, 189, 250, 250n24
- Gu Xing 顧行 (aka Servant Gu), xxxv, liii, 270, 302, 317, 321, 408, 445, 446, 464n47, 469
- guaizhe 乖者 (frogs; aka “smarties”), 261
- guan 觀 (Daoist abbey), xxi
- Guan Yu 關羽 (160–220), 255n36, 303n25, 375n13
- Guangchengzi 廣成子, 478, 478n21, 506, 509, 509n14, 514, 514n47
- Guanyin 觀音. See Avalokiteśvara
- guard, to (yao 鑰), 515n54
- guichou 癸丑 (year), xix
- *Guide to Causation (Yinzhi 因指), 39
- Guideways through the Mountains and Seas (Shanhai jing 山海經), 60n6, 479n25
- Guigu 鬼谷. See Guiguzi
- Guiguzi 鬼谷子, 224, 224n21
- guihai 癸亥 (year), 87
- gujie 骨節 (type of landform related to geomancy; lit., “joints”), 511n30
- Guo Hang 郭杭 (courtesy name Zhongren 仲仁), 483, 483n46
- guoge 裹革 (wrapped in horse hide), 502
- Guzhu 孤竹 (Shang dynasty vassal-state), 147n8
- Guzong 古宗 (people), 438, 438n29, 443, 464
- haishi shenlou 海市蜃樓 (mirage-like scenes; lit., “sea-borne towns and clam-monster towers”), 364n14
- Han 漢 dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), 53n16, 90, 93, 122, 361, 375n13, 456n14, 463, 479n24, 497n2
- Han Qi 韓琦 (nickname Zhongxian 忠獻; 1008–75), 295, 295n18
- Han Yu 韓愈 (768–824), 284, 285, 285n5, 286
- Hanlin Academy (Hanlin Yuan 翰林院), 442n33, 480n33
- Hanlin bachelor (shuchang 庶常), 384
- *Harmonious Light (Heguang 和光), 446
- Hart, Elsa, xxiv
- hazelnut (zhen 榛), 155, 421
- He Dongxuan 何洞玄, 334
- He Tianqu 何天衢, 385, 386
- He Zhenyuan 何真元, 262n53
- headmen (toumu 頭目), 440, 440n31
- headquarters; court (fu 府), 245n12
- Heavenly Stems (Tiangan 天干), 438n28
- hezhang 合掌 (join the palms of the hands), 363n12
- High Mountain Yao (Gaoshan Yao 高山瑤), 257, 257n43, 261, 263
- *Highest Transparence (Japanese: Saichō 最澄; 767–822), 6n6
- His Honor, Spiritual Majesty (Lingwei Zhangren 靈威丈人), 475, 475n13
- History of the Ming (Mingshi 明史), 495
- hold up incense burners (tilu 提爐), xlvn44
- Hong Chu 洪芻 (courtesy name Jufu 駒父; 1066–1127?), 223, 223n17
- Honorable Chaishi (Chaishi Gong 柴石公). See Xu Yanfang
- Honorable Qia (Qiagong 洽公). See Xu Qia
- Honorable Xiwu (Xiwu Gong 西塢公). See Xu Jing
- Honorable Yi (Yigong 頤公). See Xu Yi
- Honorable Yu’an (Yu’an Gong 豫庵公). See Xu Youmian
- Honorable Ziting (Ziting Gong 梓庭公). See Xu Yuanxian
- “Hook Leak Mountain” (Goulou Shan 沟漏山) (inscription title), 307
- Huang Chuping 黃初平, 199n30
- Huang Daozhou 黃道周 (nickname Shizhai 石齋; 1585–1646), xxxii, xxxiin14, xxxvi, 189, 250, 310, 342, 420, 442, 468, 470, 472, 478, 482, 485, 488, 489, 491
- Huang Fu 黄傅, 485
- Huang Gang 黃岡, 482
- Huang Jiao 黃郊, 493
- Huang Ruheng 黃汝亨 (courtesy name Zhenfu 貞父; jinshi 1598), “Account of a Sightseeing Trip to Mount Huang” (You Huangshan ji 游黃山記), 36, 36n2
- Huang Shaolun 黃紹倫 (n.d.), lii, 25, 331
- Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅 (nickname Shangu 山谷; 1045–1105), 294, 296n16, 295
- Huang Xiangjian 黃向堅 (1609‒73), A Journey in Search of the Artist’s Parents (Wanli xunqin tu 萬里尋親圖), 391 (fig. 10)
- huangu 換骨 (exchange one’s bones), 53n15
- Huayan School of Buddhism, 269n14
- Hu-Guang 湖廣, Provincial Administration Commission of (Hu-Guang Buzheng Si 湖廣布政司), 107, 239
- Huizong 徽宗, Song dynasty emperor (r. 1100–26), 284n2
- Jade Emperor (Yudi 玉帝; Yuhuang 玉皇), 374, 374n12, 407
- Ji Mengliang 季夢良 (courtesy name Huiming 惠明; mid-seventeenth cent.), xxvii, xxxix, xl, xli, 369, 446, 464n47; Diary of Xu Xiake’s Journey to the West (Xu Xiake Xi Youji 徐霞客西游紀), xxxvii, xxxviii (fig. 1)
- Ji Yangzhi 季楊之, xxxix, 370
- Jiajing 嘉靖 reign (1522–67), 27, 107, 365, 372n11, 426, 427, 429, 432
- jian 澗 (stream; mountain stream; brook; torrent; ravine), xxiii
- Jiang Binchuan 蔣斌川 (courtesy name Erdi 貳迪), 420
- jiazi 甲子 (day/year), 477
- jiejian 結檻 (join together railings), 131, 131n5
- Jin 金 (or Jurchen; people/state; 1115–1234), xxix, 472n3, 501
- Jin 晉 (dynasty; 265–420), 203
- Jin Xiangfu 金祥甫, 252, 252n27, 253n29
- jinianguan 紀念館 (memorial hall or museum), xxiv
- *Joyous Retreat (Le’an 樂庵), 234
- junior preceptor (shaoshi 少師), 485
- juniper (gui 檜), 60
- Jurchen. See Jin 金
- karst caverns/karst topography (rongdong 溶洞), xxlii, xxxv, xlv–xlvi, xlvii, lix, 265, 269, 270, 313, 369, 469
- Kim, Nanny, xxiv
- King Helü 闔閭 of Wu 吳 (r. 514–496 BCE), 475n13
- King Huiwen 惠文 of Zhao 趙 (r. 298–266 BCE), 480n32
- knotweed (heshouwu 何首烏), 332, 322n29
- Kou Wuzhong 寇武仲, 94, 94n22
- Kuafu 夸父, 471, 471n1
- Kublai Khan (aka Khan; 1215–94), 375n14, 472n5
- kung fu (gongfu 功夫) (martial arts), 95
- *Lacking Excess (Wuyu 無餘), 143
- Lama Yang (Yang Kun 楊髠), 193, 193n17
- land (lu 陸), 88n9
- lantern flowers (denglong hua 燈籠花), 450
- Laozang Danba 老藏丹巴 (1632–84), New Gazetteer of Mount Clear and Cool (Qingliang Shan xinzhi 清涼山新志), 174 (fig. 9)
- Laozi 老子, 102n4, 290, 294
- large settlement (da juluo 大聚落) (of people), 210n3
- layered forms (chonggou 重構), 514n48
- Layered Han (Cenghan 層漢), 137, 136n16. See also Magpie Bridge; Milky Way
- leaning thuja (cebai 側柏), 259
- leave one’s mark; leave graffiti (keji 刻跡), 83n11
- Left River intendant (Zuojiang yin 左江尹), 339
- legendary islands (aofeng 鰲峰; lit., “giant sea-turtle peaks”), 513n44
- Lei Chun 雷春, 346
- Leng Qian 冷謙 (1311‒75), Mount Baiyue (Baiyue tu 白岳圖; 1343) (painting title), 26 (fig. 5)
- li 里 (Chinese “mile”), xx
- Li Bai 李白 (701–62), 7n12, 224n20, 291n14, 483, 483n45; “Question and Answer in the Mountains” (Shanzhong wenda 山中問答), 291n14; “Recalling Peach Blossoms by Autumn Bank While Traveling Long Ago during Banishment in Yelang” (Yi Qiupu taohua jiu youshi cuan Yelang 憶秋浦桃花舊遊時竄夜郎), 516n65
- Li Benning 李本寧, 477
- Li Chi (Li Qi 李祈; 1902–89), lviii, lviiin71, 113n9
- Li Cun (nickname Jianluo 鑑羅), 432
- Li Daoyuan 酈道元 (ca. 469–527), Commentary on the Waterways Treatise (Shuijing zhu 水經注), 455n10
- Li Fangxian 李方先, 360
- Li Guigao 李桂高, 293
- Li Ji 李寄 (courtesy name Jieli 介立; aka Gaffer Jie [Jieweng 介翁]; b. late 1620 or early 1621; d. late 1791 or early 1792), xxxix, xxxixn34, xl, 371n5, 468
- Li Jiquan 李及泉, 234
- Li Lingxi 李令皙 (jinshi 1640; d. 1663; aka Li Duanmu 李端木), 482
- Li Qi 李齊, 378n19
- Li Qingzhao 李清照 (1084–ca. 1155), 499, “Tipsy in Flowery Shade” (Zui huayin 醉花陰) (poem title), 499
- Li Weizhen 李維楨 (1547–1626), xxxii, xxxiiin16
- Li Yaxuan 黎雅選, 384
- Li Zhongxi 李中熙 (nickname Yuanyang 鴛鴦), 432
- Lian Po 廉頗 (ca. 327–243 BCE), 480n32
- Liang 梁 dynasty (502–57), 5n2
- Liang Guimeng 梁貴夢, 383
- Liang Hong 梁鴻 (Han dynasty), 474, 474n11
- Liang Wenhuan 梁文煥, 330
- Liang Zhangju 梁章鉅 (1775–1849), 318n10
- Liang Zhongyu 梁忠宇 (aka Landlord Liang [Liang zhuren 梁主人]), 311n3, 313, 337, 339
- Liao Daheng 廖大亨 (jinshi 1622), 384, 385
- Liao Heling 廖鶴齡 (n.d.) et al. eds., Jade Flower Cavern Gazetteer (Yuhua Dong zhi 玉華洞志), 123 (fig. 8)
- Liaohai Crane (Liaohai He 遼海鶴), 507, 507n3
- libation official (jijiu 祭酒), 80
- Liezi 列子, 480, 480n30
- *Light Trace (Yinguang 印光), 427
- limestone (shihui yan 石灰巖), xxii, xxiii, xxxv, xlvi, lix, 30, 119n7, 193n16, 203, 228n32
- Lin Yaoyu 林堯俞 (1558–1626), 80, 80n10
- *Linked Mind (Guanxin 貫心), 213, 219, 220
- litter bearers (yuzhe 輿者), 114
- “Little Ge’s Bridge” (Xiao Geqiao 小葛橋) (inscription title), 361
- Liu Beiyou 劉北游, 450, 450n6
- Liu Chen 劉晨, 11, 11n22
- Liu Duiyu 劉對予, 131
- Liu Fen 劉蕡, 284
- Liu Gongquan 柳公權 (778–865), 491
- Liu Guanghan 劉光漢, 331
- Liu Guangzhen 劉光震 (courtesy name Jianwu 肩吾; jinshi 1631), 233, 233n43
- Liu Hongxun 劉弘勛 (nickname Mengyu 夢予), 346
- Liu Huaisu 劉懷素, 233
- Liu Jizu 劉祭祖, 293
- Liu Jun 劉峻 (courtesy name Xiaobiao 孝標; 463–521), 203
- Liu Lüding 劉履丁, 491
- Liu Yu 劉愚, 250, 250n23
- Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 (courtesy name Zihou 子厚; 773–819), 1, 284, 284n2, 285, 288n9; “Climbing the City Tower at Liuzhou, Sent to the Prefects of Zhang, Ting, Feng and Lian Counties” (Deng Liuzhou chenglou ji Zhang Ting Feng Lian Sizhou Cishi 登柳州城樓寄漳汀封連四州刺史), 285n4; “Inscription on Stone at Luo Pond” (Luochi tishi 羅池題石), 285, 285n5
- Long, Aboriginal Chief (Long Tusi 龍土司), 383, 384
- Long Zaitian 龍在田, 386
- Lord of the East (Dongjun 東君), 483n42
- *Lotus Boat (Lianzhou 蓮舟), lii, 6n8, 10, 22, 467
- Lotus Sutra (Chinese: Fahua jing 法華經), lii, 412n2, 500
- lou 樓 (loft; storied building; tower; archway; inn), xxi
- Lu, Aboriginal Chief (Lu Tusi 祿土司), 383
- Lu Boheng 陸伯恒, 342
- Lu Changyuan 陸長源 (d. 799), “Account of the Ordination Estrade” (Jietan ji 戒壇記), 94
- Lü Dongbin 呂洞賓 (aka Pure Life-Energy [Chunyang 淳陽]), 374, 374n12
- Lu Hong 祿洪, 383, 385
- Lu Jiuyuan 陸九淵 (1139–93), 221, 221n14
- Lü Meng 呂蒙 (178–219), 179–80n4
- Lu Shan 陸善, 80, 80n10
- Lu Su 魯肅 (172–217), 180n4
- Lu Wanli 陸萬里, 340
- Lu Xiangshan 陸象山. See Lu Jiuyuan
- Lu Xiangshu 盧象叔 (1600–1638), 310, 310n29
- Lu Xuanzhi 陸玄芝, 342
- Lu Ying 陸郢 (fl. late eighth cent.), 94
- Lu You 陸游 (courtesy name Wuguan 務觀; 1125–1210), 198, 198n28
- *Luminous Jade (Yingyu 映玉), 344
- Lunyu 論語. See Analects
- Luo 羅 (people), 480
- Luo Rufang 羅汝芳 (nickname Jinxi 近西; 1515–88), 427
- Ma Yuan 馬援 (14 BCE–49 CE), 502
- Mạc (Chinese: Mo 莫) (Vietnamese ruling house), 322, 325
- mage guoshi 馬革裹屍 (wrapping one’s corpse with horse hide), 502
- Magistrate Ge (Geling 葛令), 303, 303n25. See also Ge Hong
- magnolias (yulan 玉蘭), 13
- Magpie Bridge (Queqiao 鵲橋), 12, 149, 149n12. See also Layered Han; Milky Way
- Mahākāśyapa (Chinese: Mohejiaye 摩訶迦葉), 423n9, 448, 489, 506, 508, 508n9, 508n10, 508n11
- Mahāmati (bodhisattva), 65n16
- Mahāyāna Buddhism, 18n11
- Maitreya (Chinese: Mile 彌勒) (the future Buddha), 405, 405n14, 508n9, 508n11
- Mañjuśrī (Chinese: Wenshu 文殊) (bodhisattva), 172, 172n7, 174, 174n11
- Manliao 蠻僚 (settlement/people), 459, 459n25, 464
- Mao Kan 毛堪 (nickname Juci 具茨; jinshi 1598), 426
- maple tree (feng 楓), 53, 53n14, 67, 69, 194, 197, 206
- Māra (Chinese: Moluo 魔羅) (supernatural demon in Buddhist scriptures), 504
- marquis (hou 侯), 262n53
- Marquis Bowang (Bowang hou 博望侯), 456, 456n14. See also Zhang Qian
- Marquis He (Hehou 何侯), 262, 262n53
- mayhem (nan 難), 370, 370n2
- *Measureless (Wuliang 無量), 146
- meditation chamber (jingshi 靜室), 37, 37n4, 213, 353, 354, 396, 397, 409, 411, 413, 416, 417, 418, 432, 446, 451, 452, 453, 511n29
- *Meditative Oneness (Chanyi 禪一), 344
- medium extraordinary (zhongqi 中奇) (landscape category), 173, 173n9
- Mencius (Mengzi 孟子; 372–289 BCE) (philosopher name/book title), xxxiii, xxxiiin16, 481, 504
- Meng 蒙 (leaders/people), 480, 480n30
- metal (jin 金), 402n13
- Mi Fu 米芾 (1051–1107), 110, 110n4
- Mi Xiangyang 米襄陽. See Mi Fu
- Miao 苗 (people), 355, 355n9, 356, 357
- Miao Changqi 繆昌期 (nickname Youxi 酉溪; 1562–1626), 472, 472n2
- miasmic fumes (zhangqi 瘴氣), 363n9
- midday (zhong 中; zhongwu 中午), xix
- Milky Way, 48, 62, 126, 137n16, 149n12, 164, 424, 426n12, 476, 507, 507n7. See also Layered Han; Magpie Bridge
- Min Hongxue 閔洪學 (jinshi 1598), 384
- Min Jishen 閔及申 (jinshi 1628), 232, 232n39
- Mingkong 明空, 403
- minister (zhongzai 冢宰), 384
- minister of punishments (xingbu shangshu 刑部尚書), 342
- Ministry of Personnel (Libu 吏部), 342, 355n7, 384
- Ministry of Rites (Libu 禮部), 233
- Ministry of War (Bingbu 兵部), 384, 384n27
- minshe 民舍 (commoners’ homes), lv
- mirage (shenlou 蜃樓; lit., “clam towers”), 512n37
- Mo Gongchen 莫公臣, 275
- Mo Ji 莫伋, 346–47n12
- Mo Xiaolian 莫孝廉, “Account of Opening the Cave” (Kaidong ji 開洞記), 272–73
- “Moat of Heaven, Ship of Clouds” (Tianqian yunhang 天塹雲航) (inscription title), 361
- monastery (si 寺), xxi
- *Moon Pool (Yuetan 月潭), 449
- “Most Extraordinary Rock Formation” (Shizhuang daqi 石狀大奇) (inscription title), 405
- Mount Chicken Foot Gazetteer (Ji[zu]shan zhi 雞[足]山志), 426, 449, 454, 469, 482, 491, 494
- mountain city (shancheng 山城), 210, 210n3
- mountain’s bones (shangu 山骨), 102, 102n3
- mu 畝 (or mou; Chinese “acre”), xx
- Mu 沐 (surname), 402
- Mu Changzuo 沐昌祚 (1554–1624), 382, 383
- Mu, [Duke] of the State of Qian (Mu Qianguo[gong] 沐黔國[公]), 480, 480n31
- Mu, Master (Mugong 沐公), 250, 433, 434, 435, 436, 436n22, 436n23, 437, 438, 439, 440, 442, 443, 444. See also Mu Zeng
- Mu Qiyuan 沐啟元 (?–1628), 382
- Mu Tianbo 沐天波 (1627–61), 383, 480n31
- Mu Ying 沐英 (1345–92), 382
- Mu Zeng 沐曾 (aka Master Mu, Prefect Mu; courtesy name Shengbai 生白; 1587–1646), xxxvi, li, 388, 433, 434, 437, 454, 464, 464n46, 469, 480; Clouded Space and Light Ink (Yunke danmo 雲薖淡墨) collection, 437, 437n25, 438, 439
- mulberry (sang 桑), xxxiiin16, 474
- municipal governor (yin 引), xxix, 94n23, 472
- mushrooms (zhi 芝), lvi, 17, 17n8, 30, 172, 218, 259, 299
- mutual conquest (xiangke 相剋), 402n13
- Nakhi (Chinese: Naxi 納西) (people), 464, 469
- Nakula (Chinese: Nuojuna 諾讵那), 20, 20n13
- nan tree (nanmu 楠木), 28, 28n12, 259
- Nanzhao 南詔 (dynastic kingdom), 469
- narrow, vertical gorge (zhixia 直峽), 222n16
- *Naturally Thus (Ziran 自然), 353, 354
- *Needful Universality (Yongzhou 用周), 395
- Needham, Joseph (1900–1995), 462, 462n45
- Neo-Confucianism, School of, 481n36
- Neo-Confucianism, Southern School of (Daonan Xuepai 道南學派), 93n21, 121n10, 481n36
- New Account of Tales of the World, A (Shishuo xinyu 世說新語), 203n33
- Ng, Zhiru 釋智如, 192n11
- Ni Zan 倪瓚 (nickname Yunlin 雲林; 1301–74), 487n1
- Nian’e the Gaffer (Nian’e Weng 念莪翁), 129, 129n1
- nickname (hao 號), xvi
- Nine Refinements (Jiuzhuan 九轉), 304, 304n27
- “Nine Songs” (Jiuge 九歌), 483n42
- *No-Breath (Wuxi 無息), 396
- *No-Mind (Wuxin 無心), 394n3, 420
- Nong 農 (surname), 336n38
- Nong Guohu 農國瑚, 336
- Nong Guoqi 農國琦, 336, 336n38
- Northern Song 北宋 dynasty (960–1127), xxix, 91n15, 93n21, 94n22, 223n17, 268n12, 295n17, 472n3, 501
- *No-Self (Wuwo 無我), 396, 418
- novice functionary (shengyuan 生員), xvii
- noxious fog (duwu 毒霧), 363n9
- “Number One Mountain” (Diyi Shan 第一山) (stele inscription title), 110
- “Number One Mountain of the North Quarter” (Shuofang diyi shan 朔方第一山) (archway name inscription), 183
- Nüwa 女媧 (goddess in Chinese mythology), 51n9
- *Obscure Brightness (Xuanming 玄明), 413
- *Obscure Emptiness (Yinkong 隱空), 411, 417, 421
- *Ocean Freshening (Hairun 海潤), 318
- official residence (guanshe 官舍), lv
- “Old Fisherman’s Hideaway Lodging Place” (Yuweng Yinci 漁翁隱次) (cliff wall inscription title), 211
- One Thousand and Eleven (Qianshiyi 千十一). See Xu Bo
- One Thousand and Fourteen (Qianshisi 千十四). See Xu Tan
- *Openly Singular (Genyi 艮一), 396, 408, 409, 422, 425
- *Orchid Bank (Lantuo 蘭陀), 396
- *Orchid Sect (Lanzong 蘭宗), 397, 411, 412, 413, 414, 417, 421, 422, 425, 428, 446, 447
- “Original Extraordinary Rock Formation” (Shizhuang shiqi 石狀始奇) (inscription title; landscape classification), 405
- Orion (Shen 參), 510n20
- packhorse (tuoqi 馱騎), liv
- palace (gong 宮), xxi
- palace elucidator (gongyu 宮諭), 384
- palace penman (zhonghan 忠翰), 472
- Pāli Canon, 10n19
- palmyra palm (beiduo 貝多), 60, 60n8
- Pan Lei 潘耒 (1646–1708), xxxvi; “Preface [to The Travel Diaries of Xu Xiake] (Panxu 潘序),” 495–97
- parapet (zhi 雉), 101n2
- pavilion (ting 亭), xxi
- *Peacefully Humane (Anren 安仁), 192, 250, 395, 409
- “Peach Blossom Spring” (Taohua yuan 桃花源) (tale title). See Tao Qian
- Pei Jiong 裴迥 (fl. 750s), 94, 94n23
- Perched over the Gorge Boats (Jiahe zhou 架壑舟), 45, 46, 49n7, 51
- *Perfected Lineage (Manzong 滿宗), 311
- Perfected Warrior (Zhenwu 真武) (deity), 25, 27n6, 107, 114, 375n13
- Perrottet, Tony, xxiv
- phoenix (feng 鳳), 17n9, 331, 471, 516
- pine tree (song 松), 39, 40, 72, 87, 122n12, 171, 209, 515n57, 515n59
- pink crab apple tree (haitang 海棠), 13
- plank walkways, elevated (zhan 棧), 71, 150, 155, 163, 164, 172, 177, 181, 213, 215, 257, 261, 308, 353, 379, 380n22, 394, 404, 452, 509n12
- plum (mei 梅), xxix
- plum with thin pulp; surname (li 李), xxix
- Poetry Canon (Shijing 詩經), 474n10
- porter (danfu 擔夫), liii
- postern (ge 閤), 159n8, 166
- prayer beads (xianghuang 象黃), 447
- *Precious Altar (Baotan 寶壇), 311, 313, 337, 340
- Precious Jewel Dharma King (Dabao Fawang 大寶法王), 480
- prefecture (fu 府), xviii
- Prime Emperor (Yuandi 元帝; aka Yuanshi tianzun 元始天尊, or Celestial Venerable of the Primordial Beginning), 374, 374n12
- Prince of Gui (Guiwang 桂王), 245n12, 252. See also Zhu Changying
- Prince of Liang (Liangwang 梁王). See Ganmala
- *Profound Discernment (Hongbian 弘辨), 192, 250, 395, 399, 409, 418, 422, 424, 428, 447
- *Profound Harmony (Zhanrong 湛融), 193
- profound mysteries (aomi 奧秘), 363n11
- province (sheng 省), xviii, 45n1
- Provincial Administrative Commission (Buzheng si 布政司), 457–58n19
- provincial administrative commissioner (buzheng shi 布政使), 383
- provincial military commander (junmen 軍門), 310
- provincial surveillance commissioner (lianxian 廉憲), 360
- pu 鋪 (post station; inn; hamlet), lv
- Pu Fuyuan 普福遠, 386
- Pu Lu 普輅, 383
- Pu Mingsheng 普名勝 (d. 1636), 369, 379, 381n23, 383, 384, 386
- *Pure Causation (Jingyin 淨因), 143
- Pure Life-Energy (Chunyang 淳陽). See Lü Dongbin
- *Pure Oneness (Chunyi 淳一), 440
- *Pure Reticence (Qingyin 清隱), 20
- *Pure White (Chunbai 純白), 395, 399, 425, 447
- *Pursuant Joy (Ruxi 如喜), 318
- Qi 齊 (ancient state name), 475, 480n30, 488
- qi 奇 (extraordinary; singular; unusual; strange), xli–xlii
- Qi 啟 (son of Yu the Great), 94n24
- Qi, Commander (Qi Zhihui 戚指揮), 346–47n12
- Qi Shaonan 齊召南 (1706–68), ed., Essential Gazetteer Accounts of the Transcendent Realm of Mount Tiantai (Tiantai Shan fangwai zhiyao 天臺山方外志要), 1767, 8 (fig. 2)
- Qian Bangqi 錢邦豈, 1602–73). See *Big Mistake
- Qian Du 錢杜 (1763‒1844), Dream Journey to Mount Tiantai (Mengyou Tiantai tu 夢游天臺圖), 9 (fig. 3)
- Qian Qianyi 錢謙益 (nickname Muzhai 牧齋; aka Wuxia 梧下; 1582–1664), xxixn4, xxin13, lix, 250, 342–43n7, 343, 462n44, 481, 496, 497; Biography of Xu Xiake (Xu Xiake zhuan 徐霞客傳), 487–92
- Qin 秦 dynasty (221–206 BCE), 201, 323n15
- Qingyuan 慶元 reign (1195–1201), xxxn5
- Qu 區 (modern political-administrative term; “area” or “county”), xvii
- Qu Shisi 瞿式耜 (1590–1650), 343, 342–43n7
- Qu Yuan 屈原 (fl. 300 BCE), 77n2
- Queen Mother of the West (Xi Wangmu 西王母), 194n18, 410n17, 506, 514, 514n46, 514n47
- rain masters (yushi 雨士), 241n7
- realgar (xionghuang 雄黃), 284
- *Recumbent Cloud (Woyun 臥雲), 157, 158, 160, 162
- red fragrant rice (hongxiang mi 紅香米), 192, 192n12
- red yeast rice (hongqu mi 紅曲米), 192n12
- redbud (zijing 紫荊), 13
- “Refining Technique Dragon Pool” (Lianfa longtan 煉法龍潭) (inscription title), 392
- *Reflecting Sincerity (Niancheng 念誠), 417
- regional commander (canrong 參戎), lii, 320, 321, 322, 331, 340, 355, 385, 401, 498
- regional inspector (xun’an 巡按), 401, 402, 409, 432
- registrar (bu 簿), 473
- reign period names (nianhao 年號), xxv, 117n1
- ren 仞 (Chinese “fathom”), xx
- renshen 壬申 (day/year), 143, 153
- renwu 壬午 (day/year), 282, 485
- Renzong 仁宗, Ming dynasty emperor (aka the Yongle 永樂 Emperor [r. 1402–25]), 107, 346
- Renzong 仁宗, Song dynasty emperor (r. 1022–63), 449n3
- retreat, Buddhist (an 庵 [廣]), 6n5
- *Return to Emptiness (Guikong 歸空), 432
- *Return to Self (Fuwu 復吾), 422, 425, 451, 453, 454
- ride a horse (ma 馬, qi 騎), liv
- “Ride Up to the Empyrean” (Lingxiao 凌霄) (wall inscription title), 137
- *Righteous Sea (Yihai 義海), 491, 492
- *Rising into Vacuity (Lingxu 凌虛), 72
- ritual apprentice (lisheng 禮生), 245, 245n12
- roadside pavilion (luting 路亭), lv
- rocky bamboo shoot(s) (shisun 石筍), xxii, 146, 149, 161, 266
- rocky bones (shigu 石骨), 49, 49n8
- rocky caverns (shishi 石室), 85
- *Rocky Hall (Shitang 石堂), 175
- root and trunk (genzhu 根株), 363n11
- Ruan Wengzhong 阮翁仲, 217, 217n10
- Ruan Zhao 阮肇, 11n22
- sacrarium; mountain shrine; a monk’s mountain retreat (kan 龕), 61n9, 411, 411n1
- Sacred Mountain Thearch (Yuedi 嶽帝), 90, 90n12
- Sang Qin 桑欽 (third cent.?), Waterways Treatise (Shuijing 水經), 455n10, 482, 491
- *Sanskrit Voice (Fanyin 梵音), 90
- Schedar (alpha star name), 354n4
- scholar’s headcloth (rujin 儒巾), 262n52
- School of Principle (Lixue 理學), 481, 481n36. See also Neo-Confucianism, School of
- scientific value (kexue jiazhi 科學價值), xlvii
- sea (hai 海), 88n9
- Second Patriarch (Erzu 二祖), 95n26
- sedan chair (jianyu 肩輿), liv
- sedan-chair carrier (yufu 輿夫), liii
- settlement (dong 峒), 256n42
- Seventh Night (Qixi 七夕), 302n21
- Sexagesimal Cycle, xvii, xviii–xix
- Sha, Aboriginal Chief (Sha Tusi 沙土司), 386
- *Shadowed Emptiness (Yingkong 影空), 397
- Shakyamuni (Chinese: Mouni 牟尼), 405n14. See also Gautama Buddha
- Shan 禪 (sacrificial ceremony to earth), 514–15n52, 515n59
- Shan Zhongyan 閃仲儼 (1597–1642), 480n33
- shanduan shahui 山斷沙迴 (mountains end and sands return), 210, 210n4
- Shang 商 dynasty (ca. 1600–1046 BCE), 147n8
- Shaoding 紹定 reign (1228–34), 293
- She Chongming 奢崇明 (d. 1629), 354n5, 476, 476n20, 489, 489n3
- Shen, Investigating Censor (Shen Zhizhi 沈直指), 414n4
- Shen, Master (Shengong 沈公), 408, 409
- Shen Xinye 沈莘野, 446
- Shen Zhou 沈周 (1407‒1529), Lofty Mount Lu (Lushan gao 廬山高) (painting title), 57 (fig. 7)
- sheng 升 (a Chinese “pint”), 97n28
- sheng 勝 (pristine and surpassing landscape), 180
- sheng 生 (raw; unassimilated; wild), 335n9
- Shenzong 神宗, Ming dynasty emperor (aka the Wanli 萬曆 Emperor [r. 1572–1629]), 245n12, 252
- Shenzong 神宗, Song dynasty emperor (r. 1068–85), 93n21
- shi 室 (chamber), 85
- Shi 市 (modern political-administrative term; “city”), xviii
- Shi Shaoxin 施紹莘 (courtesy name Ziye 子野; 1588–ca. 1630), 191, 191n8
- Shi Xialong 史夏隆 (n.d.), xxxvii
- Shi Yaoting 石瑤庭, 245, 247, 251
- Shi Zhongwen 史仲文, 446, 448
- Shimiao 世廟. See Shizong, Ming dynasty emperor
- shisun 石筍 (rocky bamboo shoots), xxii
- Shizong 世宗, Ming dynasty emperor (aka the Jiajing 嘉靖 Emperor [r. 1521–67]), 27, 27n7
- shu 熟 (cooked; assimilated; tame), 355n9
- Shuluo 𠏙儸 (people), 443
- Shun 舜 (legendary emperor), 262n51
- Shunchang 順昌 (wine), 124
- Shuqi 叔齊, 147, 147n8
- *Silent Retreat (Hei’an 嘿庵), 425
- Sima Qian 司馬遷 (145–ca. 86 BCE), Grand Scribe’s Records (Shiji 史記), 378n19, 480n32
- Sima Xiangru 司馬相如 (179–17 BCE), 485; “Essay on the Feng and Shan Sacrifices” (Fengshan wen 封禪文), 485n50
- simurgh (luan 鸞) (fabulous bird), 17n9, 516
- *Single Sect (Yizong 一宗), 453
- single thread of sky (yixian tian 一線天), 52, 133, 133n10, 138, 156, 214, 215, 219, 221, 222, 223, 226
- Six Dynasties (420–589), 17n7, 85, 475
- Six Styles of Calligraphy (Liushu 六書), 473
- Sizong 思宗, Ming dynasty emperor (aka the Chongzhen 崇禎 Emperor [r. 1627–1644]), xxxv, 117, 331, 360, 383, 383n26, 385, 385n29, 402n12, 455, 485, 485n51, 493
- slab mirror (shijing 石鏡), 254
- sleeping outdoors (lusu 露宿), lv
- small loft (xiaolou 小樓), 434, 434n16
- smallpox (chudou 出痘; tianhua 天花), 444
- soft stems (ruanzhi 軟枝) (variety of camellia), 378
- solitude tree (dumu 獨木), 259, 259n48
- Song, Madame (Song Furen 宋夫人), 382, 383
- Song 宋 dynasty (960–1279), xiv, 27, 45, 65n18, 91, 92n17, 94, 110, 115n13, 198, 221, 223, 254, 255n35, 268, 295n17, 307, 310, 319n11, 332, 449n3, 460, 461, 472, 472n5, 481n36, 499
- Songluo 松蘿, 319
- Songs of the South (Chuci 楚辭), 483n42
- Southern Crossing (Nandu 南渡) (migration name), 472, 472n3
- Southern Qi 齊 dynasty (479–501), 475n17
- Southern Song 南宋 dynasty (1127–1279), xxx, 25, 27n5, 193, 221n14, 296n19, 472n4
- speeding equestrians (ma zhengxian 馬爭先), 515n56
- spirit and texture (shenli 神理), lx, 176, 176n15
- Spiritual Majesty (Lingwei 靈威) (transcendent name), 475, 475n13
- square bamboo (fangzhu 方竹), 23, 23n19, 157, 157n5
- square headcloth (fangjin 方巾), 262n52
- strands candy (fatang 髮糖; lit., “hair candy”), 437, 437n26
- *Structured Ultimate (Tiji 体極), 408, 412, 421, 417, 447
- Su Mai 蘇邁 (1059–1119), 483n46
- Su Shi 蘇軾 (1037–1101), 284, 483n46
- Su Shunyuan 蘇舜元 (courtesy name Caiweng 才翁; 1006–1054), 94, 94n22
- subprefecture (zhou 州), xviii
- Sudhana (Shancai Tongzi 善才童子), 267, 267n9
- Sun Quan 孫權 (182–252), 179n4
- *Sunglow Light (Xiaguang 霞光), 39, 73, 73n4
- sunset (mu 暮), xix
- “Sunshine Mountain Calligraphy Rubbings” (Qingshan tie 晴山帖) (collection title), 250
- superintendent (tidian 提點), 112
- Superior One (Shangren 上人), 6, 6n8, 426, 498, 500, 503
- Supreme Clarity (Shangqing 上清) (sect of Daoism), 473n8
- supreme commander (zongdu 總督), 179n4, 310
- surname (xing 姓), xvi
- surrender one’s body (sheshen 捨身), 28n10
- Surveillance Bureau (Chayuan 察院), 339
- surveillance commissioner (ancha shi 按察使), 359, 359n20, 379, 384, 385, 415n5
- “Sweet Springwater and Surpassing Vestiges of the Past” (Ganquan shengji 甘泉勝跡) (inscription title), 365
- Taibai 太白. See Li Bai
- Taiping Xingguo 太平興國 reign (977–84), 115n13
- Taizong 太宗, Song dynasty emperor (r. 960–76), 115n13
- Taizu 太祖, Ming dynasty emperor (aka the Hongwu 弘武 Emperor [r. 1368–98]), 59n4, 64n15, 382, 437
- Talisman Inside a Pillow (Zhenzhong shu 枕中書), 509n13
- Tan Qixiang 譚其驤 (1911–92), xl
- Tang Dalai 唐大來 (Buddhist name Universal Lotus [Puhe 普荷]); 1593–1673), li, 395, 395n6, 469
- Tang 唐 dynasty (618–907), xviii, l, 6, 7, 12n26, 88n8, 94, 94n23, 95, 98n31, 147, 253, 361n5, 483n45, 491, 492n10
- Tang Jingming 湯景明 (jinshi 1616), 355n7
- Tang Rong 唐容, “Engraved Account of the Perfected Transcendent” (Zhenxian juan ji 真仙鎸記), 293, 293n15
- Tang Shangzhu 唐尚珠 (nickname Yuping 玉屏), 321
- Tang Yin 唐寅 (1470–1524), xxx, 478, 487n1
- Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 (aka Tao Shuijian 陶水監; 456–536), 473, 473n8
- Tao Qian 陶潛 (365–427), “Peach Blossom Spring” (Taohua yuan 桃花源), 78–79n6, 203n34, 353n3, 516n65
- tarn (dang 蕩 [宕]), 21n17
- tax station (shuisi 稅司), 350
- tea board (chabang 茶榜), 94, 94n25
- tea plant (chashi 茶實), 421
- tea stand (cha’an 茶庵), 362n7
- Teng Zuo 滕佐 (courtesy name Binwang 賓王), 319
- Teng Zuochang 滕佐昌 (courtesy name Kentang 肯堂), lii, 319, 320, 321, 322
- terrace (tai 臺), xxi
- thousand households (qianhu 千戶) (office title), 112
- Three Kingdoms (Sanguo 三國; 220–80 CE) period, 179n4, 303n25, 361n3
- Three Pure Ones (Sanqing 三清), 287, 287n8
- Three Teachings (Sanjiao 三教), 481, 481n37
- Thunder God (Leishen 雷神), 375n13
- Tiantai 天臺 (Japanese: Tendai) Buddhism, 5, 6n6, 145n4
- tieluo 鐵絡 (iron door bolt), 122, 122n12
- tiger(s) (wutu 於菟; hu 虎), xlviii, xlix, 5, 6, 97, 97n28, 247, 247n13, 301, 307, 496
- Tiger Sands (Husha 虎砂), 418, 424
- tomb hall (mutang 墓堂), 158n7
- top-knot (Sanskrit: ushnisha), 513n40
- touring inspection commissioner (xunfang shi 巡方使), 339
- *Tranquil Hearing (Jingwen 靜聞; d. 1637), xvi, xvii, xxiv, xxxv, xliii, lii, liii, lvi, lix, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 200, 204, 212, 221, 225, 228, 230, 231, 233, 239, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 265, 270, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 282, 283, 284, 285, 288, 289, 302, 311, 313, 320, 320n12, 336, 337, 339, 342, 388, 399, 425, 469, 479, 479n27, 483n46, 489, 490, 493, 494, 498–505
- transcendent (xian 仙), xxi
- *Transcendent Bank (Xiantuo 仙陀), 395, 396, 399, 424, 425, 493
- transcendent bed (xianchuang 仙床) (rock formation type), 304
- transcendent’s rice (xianmi 仙米), 304
- transverse gorge (hengxia 橫峽), 222n16
- travel in Late-Ming China, the logistics of, li–lviii
- travel on foot (buxing 步行), liv
- tree peony (mudan 牡丹), 377, 404
- “Tribute of Yu” (Yugong 禹貢), xlvi, 454, 455, 459, 464, 475n14, 489n5, 490, 491
- Tribute Scholar Deng (Deng Gongshi 鄧貢士), 339
- *Triple Emptiness (Sankong 三空), 416, 454
- tripod cauldron (ding 鼎), 78n3
- Trưng Sisters (Vietnamese: Bà Trưng; Chinese: Pozheng 婆徵), 502
- Tu Long 屠隆 (courtesy name Changqing 長卿; 1542–1605), 199, 199n31
- tuotai huangu 脫胎換骨 (shed one’s mortal body and exchange one’s bones), 53n15
- Twelve Golden Transcendents (Shi’er Jin Xian 十二金仙), 303n25
- *Uncultivated Ignorance (Yeyu 野愚), 396, 397, 411, 413, 417, 421, 422, 428
- *Uncultivated Pond (Yechi 野池), 448, 449
- underwear; longjohns (liyi 裡衣), 248n18
- Unified and Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Great Ming (Da Ming yitong zhi 大明一統志), xiv, lvi, 12n27, 21n17, 239n1, 250, 257, 257n45, 305, 325
- *Universal Cycle (Bianzhou 遍周), 395, 399, 408, 420, 421, 422
- *Universal Lotus (Puhe 普荷). See Tang Dalai
- *Unsullied Source (Chengyuan 澄源), 70, 71
- Vaipulya (Chinese: fangguang 方廣; lit., “expedient and expansive”), 8n16
- *Vegetarian Fast (Caizhai 菜齋), 318, 320
- vein (mai 脈) (connected ridges between mountain ranges), 460, 460n30, 461, 462
- veranda (xuan 軒), xxi
- vice minister of war (binglang 兵郎), 192
- Victorious One with an Ushnisha (Sanskrit: Usnīsavijayā; Chinese: Foding Zunsheng Fomu 佛顶尊胜佛母), 513n40
- Vimalakīrti (Chinese: Weimo 維摩; aka Jingming 凈名), 18n11
- Vimalakīrti Sutra (Chinese: Weimojie suoshuo jing 維摩詰所說經), 18n11, 511n28
- Waley, Arthur (1889–1966), lx
- wall-gazing (biguan 壁觀), 97n30
- Wan, Madame (Wan Furen 萬夫人), 369, 386
- Wang, Aboriginal Chief (Wang Tusi 王土司), 384
- Wang Bohua 汪伯化, 28, 29, 31
- Wang Da 王達, 327
- Wang Gui 王貴, liv, 343, 355, 356, 356n12
- Wang Ji 王驥 (aka the Calm and Distinguished One [Jingyuan 靖遠]; 1378–1460), 459, 459n26
- Wang Jingchuan 王敬川, 197, 198
- Wang Kang 王伉, 383, 384, 385, 387
- Wang Lingguan 王靈官, 27, 27n8
- Wang Mian 王冕 (nickname Xianzhou 憲州), 347
- Wang Qiyuan 王啟元 (jinshi 1622), xvii, 282, 282n1
- Wang Ruren 王儒人 (1545–1625), xxxii, xxvn23, xxxiii, xxxiiin16, xxxiv, 1, 77, 86–87n2, 116, 117, 467, 473, 474, 476, 477, 483n42, 484, 487, 488
- Wang Sheng 王陞 (nickname Niansheng 念生; jinshi 1616), 192
- Wang Shixing 王士性 (aka Wang of the Ten Sacred Mountains [Wang Shiyue 王十嶽]; 1547–98), xlv, xlvn46, 405, 405n15, 449n5; Sightseeing Chronicles (Youji 游紀), 449
- Wang Shoushi 王受時, 189
- Wang the Second (Wang’er 王二), xxxv
- Wang Xiaoxian 王孝先, 189
- Wang Xigun 王錫袞 (1598–1647), 384
- Wang Xuanchong 王玄沖, 491
- Wang Yongji 王永吉 (courtesy name Zhongren 忠紉; 1595–1654; jinshi 1622), xxxvii, 189, 189n1
- Wang Yuanhan 王元翰 (nickname Juzhou 莒州; 1565–1633), 426
- Wang Zhichen 王之臣 (jinshi 1595), 272
- Wang Zhongcheng 王中丞, 383
- Wang Zijin 王子晉, 166n18
- wanwu 萬物 (the countless things), 79n8
- Warring States period (475–221 BCE), 88n9, 224n21, 479n26
- watch (geng 更) (nighttime division), xix
- water (shui 水), 402n13
- water-bamboo plant (jiao 茭), 262n52
- Way (Dao 道), 107
- *Way Cultivator (Daoxiu 道修), 198
- Way of the Celestial Masters (Tianshi Dao 天師道), 122n14
- Weaving Maid (Zhinü 織女), 224n20, 302n21
- Wei Jun 魏濬 (jinshi 1604), Gems of Western Affairs (Xishi er 西事珥), lvi, 284, 284n3
- Wei Liaoweng 魏了翁 (1178–1237), Commemorative Tomb Biography of Mr. Guo Hang (Guojun Hang muzhiming 郭君杭墓誌銘), 483n46
- Wei, State of (Weiguo 魏國), 88n9, 98n32
- Wei Zhongxian 魏忠賢 (1568–1627), xxxv, 117, 382
- “Well Overflowing with Golden Oxen” (Jinniu yijing 金牛溢井) (inscription title), 392
- Wen Tiren 溫體仁 (aka Wucheng 烏程; 1573–1639), 342–43n7, 343
- Wen Zhenmeng 文震孟 (courtesy name Wenqi 文起; nickname Zhanchi 湛持; 1574–1636), 191n3, 250, 331, 485
- Wenchang 文昌 (Daoist deity), 349, 349n15
- Wenwen the Elder (Wenwen Lao 文文老), 191, 191n3
- Western Zhou 周 period (1046–771 BCE), 89n11
- White Bone Meditation (Baigu Guan 白骨觀), 499
- *White Cloud (Baiyun 白雲), 160, 411, 412, 413, 416, 417, 421, 425, 446, 478, 488, 510n24, 510n25, 511n29
- White Yi (Baiyi 白彝) (people), 386, 386n31
- Wilkinson, Endymion, 463
- *Wipe Away the Seal (Huiyin 揮印), 36
- *Wisdom Lamp (Huideng 慧燈), 61, 61n9, 62, 476
- *Wise Ability (Huineng 慧能; 638–713), 98n31
- *Wise Heart (Huixin 慧心), 397, 398, 453
- *Wise Meditation (Huichan 慧禪), 311, 313
- *Wise Possibility (Huike 慧可; 487–593), 95n26
- *Wise Quietude (Zhiyi 智顗; 538–97), 5
- *Wise Serenity (Zhiyi 智顗; sixth cent.), 145n4
- *Wise Vacuity (Huikong 慧空), 39
- without substance (wuran 無然), 431, 431n14
- Wong, Hao Man (Huang Xiaowen 黄效文), 465
- Wordless Stele (Wuzi bei 無字碑), 323, 323n15
- writing brush (wenbi 文筆), 514n49
- wu 吾 (personal pronoun “I”), 254
- Wu Fangsheng 吳方生, 442n32, 443
- Wu Guohua 吳國華 (jinshi 1616), xxixn4, xxxi–xxxiin13
- Wu Qiulong 鄔秋龍, xxviin1, xxixn4, 195n22
- Wu Wenguang 吳文光, 325
- Wu Yingshou 吳應壽, xv, xxvii, xl, lviii
- Wu Yingyue 吳應嶽, 162
- wuchen 戊辰 day/year, 117
- Wudi 武帝, Han dynasty emperor (r. 141–87 BCE), 75, 90, 90–91n14, 93n20
- wuyin 戊寅 (year), 354, 444
- Wuzhou Gazetteer (Wu[zhou]zhi 梧[州]志), 310
- wuzi 戊子 (day/year), 349
- xi chenyan 洗塵眼 (wash one’s dusty eyes), xlviiin51, 89n10
- Xia dynasty (traditional dates 2070–1600 BCE), 89n11, 94n24
- Xiang Chang 向長 (courtesy name Ziping 子平), 479, 479n24
- Xiang Renlong 項仁龍 (jinshi 1631), 198
- Xiang River robbery, 244–52
- Xiao Yiyu 蕭以裕, 383
- “Xiaobian” 小弁 (poem title), 474n10
- Xidong 谿峒 (settlement/people), 459, 459n25, 464
- Xie Lingyun 謝靈運 (385–433), 17n7, 29, 29n14
- Xie Zhaozhe 謝肇淛 (1567–1624), lvi
- xijing 習靜 (the practice of quietude), 115n13
- xinsi 辛巳 (day/year), 485
- xinwei 辛未 (day/year), 198, 320
- Xiong Shihu 熊石湖, 336
- Xiong Wencan 熊文燦 (d. 1640), 310
- Xiong Wenju 熊文舉 (1595–1668), 342, 342–43n7
- Xiongnu 匈奴 (tribal confederation), 217n10
- Xizong 熹宗, Ming Emperor (r. 1620–27; aka the Tianqi 天啟 emperor), xxxv, 117
- Xu 徐 (surname), xxii
- Xŭ 許 (surname), xxii
- Xu Baifu 徐白夫, 55, 55n1, 468
- Xu Bo 徐郣 (courtesy name Mingshi 名世; aka One Thousand and Eleven), xxxn5
- Xu Fusheng 徐復生, 227, 227n29
- Xu Gu 徐錮 (fl. early twelfth cent.), xxix, 472
- Xu Hao 徐浩 (703–82), 94, 94n23
- Xu Jianji 徐建極 (1634–92), xxxix, xl
- Xu Jing 徐經 (1473–1507), xxx, xxxi, 473, 487, 487n1
- Xu Min 徐忞 (courtesy name Jingnan 景南; 1393–1476), 472
- Xu Qi 徐麒 (courtesy name Benzhong 本中; 1362–1445), 472
- Xu Qi 徐屺 (Xu Xiake’s first son; 1615–45), xxxvii, xxxixn34, 467, 470
- Xu Qia 徐洽 (1497–1564), xxxi, 473
- Xu Risheng 徐日升 (jinshi 1625), 127n23
- Xu Shoucheng 徐守誠 (n.d.), xxxn5
- Xu Tai 徐泰 (1429–79), 473
- Xu Tan 徐郯 (aka One Thousand and Fourteen), xxxn5
- Xu the Chaste Widow (Xu Jiefu 徐節婦), 467
- Xu Xiake 徐霞客 (given name Hongzu 宏[弘]祖; courtesy name Zhenzhi 振之; nicknames Xiake 霞客 and Xiayi 霞逸; 1587–1641): “Account of a Sightseeing Trip to Grand Splendor Mountain” (You Taihua Shan ji 游太華山記), xxxix, 369, 372–77; “Account of a Sightseeing Trip to the Yan Caverns” (You Yandong ji 游顏洞記), xxxix, 378–81; “Account of the Flowering and Woody Plants in Dian” (Dianzhong huamu ji 滇中花木記), 369, 377–78; Chronicle of Events in Lijiang (Lijiang jishi 麗江紀事), 454; Dharma King’s Infinite Causation (Fawang yuanqi 法王緣起), 454; “Diary of a Sightseeing Trip to Dian” (Dian youji 滇游記), 371; family background and life, xxvii–xxxvi; “Five Fates” (Wuyuan 五緣) (poem title), 213, 219; “Four Views from the Ultimate Summit: Eastern Sun, the Western Sea, the Southern Cloud, and the Northern Snow” (Jueding siguan: Dongri, Xihai, Nanyun, Beixue 絕頂四觀: 東日 , 西海 , 南雲 , 北雪) (poems), 506–17; Investigation into the Source of the Jiang (Jiangyuan kao 江源攷[考]), 455; Investigation of the Pan River (Panjiang kao 盤江攷[考]), xxxix, 371; “Lamenting Tranquil Hearing, My Buddhist Companion; Six Poems with Preface” (Ku Jingwen Chanlü; liushou youyin 哭靜聞禪侶: 六首有引), 498–505; Miao people, Xu Xiake’s views of, 355–57; “Presented at Parting” (Zengbie 贈別) (poem title), 219; “Sightseeing on Horseback” (Qiyou 騎游) (poem title), 335; “Sunny Mountain Hall Copybook” (Qingshan Tang tie 晴山堂帖), 477; The Travel Diaries of Xu Xiake (Xu Xiake youji 徐霞客游記), xxvii, xxxvii– xli, lviii, lix; Tracing the Jiang Upstream to Unravel Its Source (Sujiang jiyuan 溯江紀源), 454, 456–65; translations of Xu Xiake’s diaries, previous, lviii; transmission and editions of Xu Xiake’s travel diaries, xxxvii–xli; “Travels in Yunnan” (Dianyou 滇游), 370; travel writing, the art of Xu Xiake’s, xli–li; “Turtle Peak” (Guifeng 龜峰) (poem title), 219; “Two Casual Jottings” (Suibi erze 隨筆二則), 382–87
- Xu Xiake yanjiu 徐霞客研究 (Research on Xu Xiake) (academic journal), xli
- Xu Xian 徐峴 (1619–?), xxxix, 468
- Xu Yanfang 徐衍芳 (d. 1563), xxxi, xxin9, 473
- Xu Yi 徐頤 (nickname Yi’an 一庵; 1422–83), 472–73
- Xŭ Yinggui 許應珪, 326
- Xu Yingzhen 徐應震 (courtesy name Changqing 長卿; nickname Leimen 雷門; 1587–1635), 55, 55n1, 192n10, 468
- Xu Youmian 徐有勉 (nickname Yu’an 豫庵; 1545–1604), xxxi, xxxin12, xxxii, 467, 473
- Xu Yuanxian 徐元獻 (nickname Ziting 梓庭; 1454–81), 473
- Xu Yuqing 徐虞卿 (d. 1645), xxxix
- Xu Zhen 徐鎮 (fl. 1776–1806), xxxix, 370
- Xu Zhongzhao. See Xu Zuntang
- Xŭ Zongyin 許宗蔭, 326
- Xu Zuntang 徐遵湯 (courtesy name Zhongzhao 仲昭; 1583–1653), 145, 145n5, 146, 150, 153, 155, 156, 160, 161, 162, 163, 167, 189, 191, 468, 472, 474, 476, 478, 479, 482, 484, 485, 492
- Xuanhe 宣和 reign (1119–26), 223
- Xuanzang 玄奘 (aka Tripitaka; ca. 602–64), 481, 491, 497; Accounts of the Western Regions during the Great Tang (Da Tang Xiyu ji 大唐西域記), 481n35, 490, 497n2
- xue 穴 (opening in the ground; cave; geomantic site), xxiii, 388
- Xunyang 潯陽 (Xu Xiake’s grand uncle), 25, 25n2, 27, 29, 37n5, 39, 467
- ya 崖 (cliff; bank; precipice), xxii–xxiii
- yan 巖 [岩] (cliff; crag; precipice; mountain cave; limestone spire), xxii–xxiii
- Yan Guang 嚴光 (ca. 1–75 CE), 473–74
- Yan Hui 顏回 (disciple of Confucius), 501
- Yan Shigu 顏師古 (581–645), 463
- Yan Zhenqing 顏真卿 (aka Lugong 魯公; 709–85), 253, 254, 255n37
- Yang Fang 楊芳, “Southward Come This Cave” (Nanlai cixue 南來 此穴), 287
- Yang Fu 楊黼 (jinshi 1415), 481
- Yang Lianzhenjia 楊璉真珈, 193n17
- Yang Mingshi 楊名時 (courtesy name Ningzhai 凝齋; 1661–1737), xxxix, xl
- Yang Shen 楊慎 (1488–1559), 372, 372n11
- Yang Shengwu 楊繩武 (1596–1641), 384
- Yang Shi 楊時 (nickname Guishan 龜山; 1053–1135), 121, 121n10
- Yang Shicong 楊士琮 (courtesy name Lengran 冷然; 1577–1630), 420
- Yang Shiqi 楊士奇 (known posthumously as Yang Wenzhen 楊文貞; 1365–1444), 484, 485
- Yao 瑤 (people), 257n43
- Ye Tingjia 葉廷甲 (1754–1832), xl
- yellow cap (huangguan 黃冠), 147
- Yellow Court Scripture (Huangting jing 黃庭經), 7, 7n13
- Yellow Emperor (Huangdi 黃帝), 87n6, 478n21
- Yelü Chucai 耶律楚材 (1189–1243), 491
- Yi 彝 (people), 381, 386, 387, 480
- yiyou 乙酉 (day/year), 370
- you 游 [遊] (sightsee; visit; tour; travel to), 70n2
- yu 余 (pronoun “I”), xvii
- Yu, Master (Yugong 魚公), 195
- Yu the Great (Dayu 大禹), xxxv, 89n11, 94n24, 249n21, 475n18
- Yuan 元 dynasty (1271–1368), xxx, 64n15, 94, 221, 221n15
- Yuan Jie 元結 (courtesy name Cishan 次山; 719–72), 253, 254, 255, 255n37, 255n38; “Encomium on the Ascendancy of the Great Tang” (Da Tang Zhongxing song 大唐中興頌), 253
- Yuanyou Faction (Yuanyou dang 元佑黨), 294, 295n17
- Yue Fei 嶽飛 (1103–42), 193, 193n16
- yufu 魚腹 (“almost in a fish belly”), 499, 500
- yun 云 (sentence final), xx
- Yunnan Gazetteer (Yunnan zhi 雲南志), 250, 250–51n25
- “Yu the Great’s Stele” (Da Yu bei 大禹碑) (inscription title), 248
- Zeng Bu 曾布 (1036–1107), 268, 268n12, 268n13
- Zeng Shen 曾參, 483, 483n43
- “Zengzi’s Filial Devotion Stretches over Ten Thousand Li” (Zengzi xiaogan wanli 曾子孝感萬里), 488n2
- zhang 丈 (Chinese “rod”), xx
- Zhang, Commander (Zhang Zongye 張總爺), 349, 349n16
- Zhang Dai 張岱 (ca. 1597–ca. 1679), xxviiin3, l
- Zhang Fenghe 張鳳翮 (d. 1643), 415, 415n5
- Zhang Guojing 張國徑 (courtesy name Yinliang 印梁; jinshi 1622), 310
- Zhang Heming 張鶴鳴, 382
- Zhang Ling 張陵 (aka Zhang Daoling 張道陵; traditionally 34–156 CE), 122n14
- Zhang Lingshi 張苓石, “Autumn Orchard, Morning Loom” (Qiupu chenji tu 秋圃晨機圖) (painting title), 477
- Zhang Lun 張論 (aka Revere and Resolute [Gongyi 恭議]; 1413–84), 166, 166n17
- Zhang Qian 張騫 (aka Marquis Bowang [Bowang hou 博望侯]; d. ca. 114 BCE), 456n14, 491, 492, 497, 497n2
- Zhang Shifu 張石夫, 378
- Zhang the Perfected One (Zhang Zhenren 張真人), 221
- Zhang the Transcendent (Zhangxian 張仙), 375n13
- Zhang Xiaoxiang 張孝祥 (1132–70), 296, 296n19
- Zhang Xun 張巡 (709–57), 195n21
- Zhang Yan 章巘 (Ming dynasty), 15n4
- Zhang Yi 章易 (aka Zhengchen 正宸; jinshi 1631), 320
- Zhang Yun 張運, 325
- Zhang Zao 張澡, “Poems on Heyang’s Eight Scenes” (Heyang bajing shi 河陽八景詩), 349, 349n6
- Zhang Zhaorui 張朝瑞 (jinshi 1568), 199, 199n31
- Zhang Zonglian 張宗璉 (1374–1427), 247, 250; Continuation Account of a Southern Itinerary (Nancheng xuji 南程續記), 247, 250
- Zhao, Supreme Commander (Zhao Yuanshuai 趙元帥), 27n8
- Zhao Mengfu 趙孟頫 (nickname Songxue 松雪; 1254–1322), 221, 221–22n15
- Zhao Shilong 趙世龍, 385
- Zhe River Tidal Bore (Zhejiang Chaoshui 浙江潮水), 476
- zhen 鎮 (garrison; village), 240n5
- Zheng Man 鄭鄤 (courtesy name Miyang 峚陽; 1594–1639), 342, 342–43n7
- Zhenyuan 貞元 reign (785–805), 94
- Zhenzong 真宗, Song dynasty emperor (r. 997–1022), 92, 92n17
- zhi niuer 執牛耳 (take an oxen’s ear), 128n26
- Zhongyuan 中元 Festival, 301, 302n21
- Zhongzhao 仲昭. See Xu Zuntang
- zhou 州 (subprefecture), xviii
- Zhou Bingquan 周兵全, 329
- Zhou Chen 周忱 (known posthumously as Zhou Wenxiang 周文襄; 1380–1453), 485
- Zhou Dian 周顛, 59n4, 64n15; “Stele for Zhou Dian the Transcendent, Fashioned on Imperial Orders from the Lofty Emperor” (Gaodi yuzhi Zhou Dian xian bei 高帝御制周顛仙碑), 59
- Zhou Maoxiang 周懋祥 (d. 1621), 432
- Zhou Ningxia 周寧霞 (1931–2005), xxxixn34, xl, xlin37
- Zhou Shangwu 周尚武 (courtesy name Wentao 文韜), 330
- Zhou Shichang 周世昌 (d. 1632), 383
- Zhou Yanru 周延儒 (1588–1644), 485
- Zhu Changying 朱常灜 (1597–1645), 245n12, 252
- Zhu Chuyu 諸楚璵, 191
- Zhu Dadian 朱大典 (1581–1646), 199n29
- Zhu Guobi 朱國弼 (aka Marquis of Wuning [Wuning hou 撫寧侯]), 343n37
- Zhu Huirong 朱惠榮 (1936–2018), xv, xxvii, xli, lviii, 28n9, 103n7
- Zhu Jiamin 朱家民, 360
- Zhu Mu 祝穆 (fl. ca. 1200), Survey of Scenic Sights throughout the World (Fangyu shenglan 方輿勝覽), 255n35
- Zhu Xi 朱熹 (aka Master of Literary Accomplishment [Wengong 文公]; 1130–1200), 47n2, 51n10, 65n18, 214
- Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋. See Taizu, Ming dynasty emperor
- Zhuang 僮[壯] (people), 347, 349
- Zhuang Dingshan 莊定山, 250
- Zhuangzi, 莊子, 507n4
- Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮 (aka the Martial Marquis [Wuhou 武侯]; 181–234 CE), 361, 361n3
- Zhunti Bodhisattva (Zhunti Dashi 准提大士), 303
- Zhuo Qishun 卓契順, 483, 483n46
- Zilu 子路 (disciple of Confucius), 334
- Zong Ze 宗澤 (1059–1128), 501, 504
- Zou Changming 鄒昌明, 58, 58n3
- Zu Wuze 祖吳擇 (1006–85), 94, 94n22
- zuo changqiao 作長橋 (serve as a long bridge), 224n20
- Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan 左傳), 128n26
- zuxiong 族兄 (older paternal male cousins), 55n1