INDEX

“Account of the Abode of Happiness amid Poverty,” 130–31
aging and old age, 108, 138–39, 185, 187; Bai Juyi, 81; Su Shi, 14; Su Zhe, 104; Wang Chong, 47; Zeng Guofan, 230. See also filial piety; illness
Ai Nanying, 146–52
An Lushan Rebellion, 95
The Analects (Lunyu), 40, 62, 66, 73, 187
ancestors, 122, 136–37, 144; Wang Chong, 39, 45–46, 79; Wang Huizu, 183; worship of, 20–21, 73, 84; Zheng Xuan, 50. See also filial piety
Ancient Style writing (guwen), 78, 94, 97, 98, 231. See also Han Yu; Liu Kai
Anhui bandits. See Nian rebels
art. See calligraphy; music; poetry
autobiographical writing, 1–15; book-length, 181–83; for heirs, 12–13; in the third person, xi, 7, 79, 95; year-by-year autobiography, 181–207. See also biji (miscellanies, miscellaneous writing); diary; funerary biographies; ji (record); letters; poetry; postscripts; prefaces; rhapsody

Bai Juyi, 7, 78–82, 95
Ban Biao, 3, 39
Ban Gu, 3, 98, 145
Ban Jieyu (Consort Ban), 3, 4
Ban Zhao, 3–4, 116
bandits and rebellions, 97, 133, 168, 173–74, 176–77, 197, 229; An Lushan Rebellion, 95; late Han and Three Kingdoms Period, 59–64. See also dynastic collapse; Nian rebels; Taiping rebels; violence; war and military campaigns; Yellow Turbans
Beijing, 12, 112, 122, 130, 183
Bi Zhongyou, 108
biji (miscellanies, miscellaneous writing), 101–6
biographical writing (zhuan), 6–8
“Biography of Master Drunken Poet,” 7, 79. See also Bai Juyi
“Biography of Master Five Willows,” 7
“Biography of the Country Fellow of the Eastern Suburb,” 7, 95
Book of Change (Yijing), 31
The Book of Documents (Shangshu), 40, 62
Book of Submitted Doubtful Cases (Zouyan shu), 24
borders and frontiers, 29–32, 34–35, 53–58, 91
brother-brother relationship, 88–89, 123–24
brother-sister relationship, 68–70, 117–18, 138, 209, 211–12
Buddhism, 79–80, 94, 98, 112, 142, 151, 156, 225; Emperor Wu of the Liang, 72–76; temples, 79, 80, 97, 103

Cai Wenji. See Cai Yan
Cai Yan, 3, 5, 53–58, 116
Cai Yong, 53, 145
calligraphy, 13, 91, 105, 141, 177, 179, 230, 232–36
Cao Cao, 53, 54, 59–63
Cao Pi, 59–60, 62, 63–66
Changzhou, 192–96
Chen Qide, 166–70
Chinggis Khan, 130
Chu (state), 3, 34, 54
The Classic of Filial Piety (Xiaojing), 137, 150
The Classic of Poetry (Shijing), 3, 66, 107, 233
Classic of Tea (Chajing), 79, 84
clerks, 10, 25–26, 28, 31, 42, 149–50, 177, 182, 205
Complete Song Poems (Quan Song shi), 107
Complete Tang Poems (Quan Tang shi), 107
concubines, 4, 12, 78, 117–18, 144, 156, 182, 183, 194, 220. See also marriage; mothers; mother-son relationship
Confucian classics, 4, 40, 43, 49, 50, 51, 98, 133, 142, 147, 233; Five Classics, 13, 66; Six Classics, 82, 97, 99, 151. See also The Analects (Lunyu); The Book of Documents (Shangshu); The Classic of Filial Piety (Xiaojing); The Classic of Poetry (Shijing); Confucianism
Confucian revival, 94–95, 97–99. See also Han Yu; Liu Kai
Confucianism, 9–10, 79, 130, 143, 154, 214, 228; commitment to, 78, 228; family ethics, 49, 208–9; rites, 75; Zheng Xuan and, 49–50. See also ancestors; examinations; filial piety; Han Yu; Liu Kai; Neo-Confucianism; studying
Confucius, 4, 41, 42–46, 83, 98, 129, 131, 145, 148, 162
crime and punishment, 10–11, 23–28, 62, 97, 127, 139, 197; confessions, 176–79; testimony, 2, 10–12, 23–28

Dadu (Beijing), 122
daily life, 5, 9, 228. See also literati; rural life
Daoism, 13, 39, 72, 79–80, 103, 108, 130–32, 151, 156, 179
death, 5, 50, 59, 62, 79, 224, 228, 236; of Emperor Wu of Liang, 73, 74, 75; as penalty, 23; rituals, 86–93; Sima Qian and Sima Tan, 6, 8–9; Tao Qian, 7; Wang Chong, 42, 44, 47; Wen Tianxiang, 124–27; Zuo Fen, 68. See also mourning and commemoration; suicide
diary, 8–10, 228; Diary of a Boat Trip to Wu, 9; of Lou Yue, 111–14
“Diary of a Journey to the North,” 112
disasters. See bandits and rebellions; droughts; natural disasters; violence; war and military campaigns
Dong Zhuo, 53, 54, 60, 63
droughts, 168–74, 237
Duke of Zhou, 62
dynastic collapse, 121–27, 129–33. See also bandits and rebellions; violence; war and military campaigns

Eastern Jin, 7. See also Jin (dynasty, 3rd–4th centuries)
economy. See merchants; poverty; prices
“Edict on Luntai,” 29–32
education, 6, 12–14, 107, 135, 136, 146–48, 177, 214. See also examinations; literati; studying
elegies, 86–93. See also mourning and commemoration
emotions. See joy and happiness; shame
Emperor Wu (of the Han), 6, 29–32
Emperor Wu (of the Jin), 68
Emperor Wu (of the Liang), 72–76
environmental distress, 166–74. See also bandits and rebellions; droughts; famine; natural disasters
eunuchs, 50, 78, 141
examinations, xi, 9, 78, 142, 143, 214, 219, 227, 233; Ai Nanying, 146–52; preparation and procedures, 146–52, 185–93; Wang Huizu and, 181, 186–90, 193, 196–97, 199–203. See also jinshi; literati; studying
exile, 9, 23, 62, 75, 102–5, 108, 198

family affairs, 51, 123–24, 227–40
family ethics. See family instructions (jiaxun); family relationships; female chastity; filial piety; mourning and commemoration
family instructions (jiaxun), 4, 12–13, 49–51, 154–65
family relationships, 117, 136, 208, 228. See also brother-brother relationship; brother-sister relationship; family affairs; family ethics; father(-in-law)–daughter(-in-law) relationship; father-in-law–son-in-law relationship; father-son relationship; filial piety; grandmother-granddaughter relationship; grandmother-grandson relationship; husband-wife relationship; marriage; mother(-in-law)–daughter(-in-law) relationship; mothers; mother-son relationship; uncle-nephew relationship; widows
famine, 12, 39, 166, 169–70, 172–74. See also droughts
Fan Chengda: Diary of a Boat Trip, 9
Fan Zhongyan, 87, 90–92
Fang Bao, 12
father(-in-law)–daughter(-in-law) relationship, 53
father-in-law–son-in-law relationship, 144, 182, 189–93
father-son relationship, 12, 24–25, 39, 102, 103, 106, 116, 123, 152, 168, 187, 225, 228; Cao Cao and Cao Pi, 59; Zeng Guofan and son, 227–40; Zheng Xuan and son, 49–51
female chastity, 117, 119, 153–54, 161, 198, 203–4. See also husband-wife relationship; marriage; women
filial piety, 20, 24–26, 144, 153, 155, 157, 160–61, 187, 204–5, 211, 239–40; unfiliality, 24–25, 199, 211–12. See also ancestors; The Classic of Filial Piety (Xiaojing); family relationships
“Forms for Sealing and Investigating” (Fengzhen shi), 24
friendship, 4, 8, 9, 14, 34, 67, 97, 102, 105, 108, 123, 129, 209, 212; Bai Juyi, 78–80; Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan, 86–87, 89–92; Han Qi and Zhao Ziyuan, 92–93; Wang Chong, 39, 41, 42, 51; Wang Huizu, 183, 199, 202, 206, 207; Xie Yingfang, 132; Xu Wei, 142, 143; Zeng Guofan, 228, 229
funerary biographies, 2, 8, 14, 68, 86; self-authored, 8, 141–45

grandfather-grandson relationship, 184–86
grandmother-granddaughter relationship, 136–38
grandmother-grandson relationship, 183, 188, 192

Han (dynasty), 20, 72, 76, 111, 113, 150; autobiographical writing, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10; Cai Yan, 53–58; Cao Cao, 59–63; Cao Pi, 63–66; Emperor Wu of the Han, 29–32; legal system, 23, 24; letter, 33–35; Wang Chong, 38–39; Zheng Xuan, 49–51
Han Qi, 14, 86–87, 90–93
Han River, 74
Han Ximeng, 116–18
Han Yu, 14, 78, 105, 150; Liu Kai on, 94–99; mourning nephew, 86–90
Hangzhou, 112, 167, 178, 198, 200, 204, 205, 207
“Heifu and Jing’s Letter to Zhong and Mother,” 33–34
Historical Records (Shiji), 6, 66
History of the Han (Hanshu), 3, 66
History of the Later Han (Hou Han shu), 38
Hu Zongxian, 141, 142
Hua Tuo, 76, 135
Huai River, 125, 214
Huang Tingjian, 102, 105
husband-wife relationship, 4–5, 118–10, 156, 208–10

illness, 76, 83, 84, 89–90, 92, 93, 108, 137–38, 185, 195–96; Zeng Guofan’s, 231, 237, 238, 239. See also aging and old age
Imperial University, 39, 49, 51

ji (record), 129–30
Jin (dynasty, 3rd–4th centuries), 67–68
Jin (dynasty, 12th–13th centuries), 11, 111–14, 121–24, 130
Jin (state), 63
jinshi, xi, 147; Bai Juyi, 79; Liu Kai, 95; Liu Tang, 214; in Tan Yunxian’s family, 136; Wang Huizu, 182, 203, 207; Wang Zheng, 209, 212; Wen Tianxiang, 122; Yuan Haowen, 121, 124; Zeng Guofan, 227. See also examinations; Wang Huizu
joy and happiness, 5, 55, 80, 82, 129–34, 158, 160, 163, 222, 226
journal writing. See diary

Kaifeng, 122
Kangxi reign, 167, 170

Lessons for Women (Nüjie), 3
letters, 2, 12–13, 14, 30, 69, 87, 105, 194, 199, 203, 222; Han Qi, 91, 92, 93, Qin and Han, 8–9, 33–35, 49–51; Tang, 33–34, 36, 89; by Zeng Guofan, 13, 15, 227–40
Li Qingzhao, 6, 76, 116
Liao (dynasty), 111, 130
literacy, 2, 15, 101,
literati, 2, 8, 79, 121, 130, 141, 147, 154, 182, 208, 231; culture, 79–84, 93, 129–34; daily life, 93, 107–9; examination preparation, 146–52. See also examinations; jinshi; joy and happiness; letters; politics and factionalism; studying; tea; travel; wine drinking
Liu Kai, 7, 94–99
Liu Tang, 213–26
Liu Zongyuan, 78, 94, 95, 98, 105, 231
Lu Guimeng, 78, 79, 82–84
Lu You, 109, 232; A Journey into Shu (Ru Shu ji), 9
Lu Yu, 79, 84
Luo Fenpeng, 176–79
Luoyang, 36, 39, 65, 79, 80, 93

Madame Zhong, 153–65
magistrates, 26, 147, 152, 178, 179, 181, 182, 191–93, 196, 197, 200, 204–6
Manchu, 11, 166, 172, 213, 214, 228. See also Qing (dynasty)
Mao Xiang: Reminiscences of the Plum Shadows Convent (Yingmei An yiyu), 15
marriage, 26–28, 118–19, 137, 153–56, 164, 183, 189, 194, 233, 236; arranged, 53–54, 144, 209–10, 220; married-in husband, 142, 208–10. See also husband-wife relationship
medicine, 47, 92, 113, 135–40, 155, 161. See also illness
memoirs, 1–2, 15, 209. See also autobiographical writing
Mencius, 41, 83, 98, 99, 148, 214, 230
merchants, 45, 72, 83, 172, 178–79, 186, 192
Ming (dynasty), 5, 8, 9, 130, 177, 209; examinations, 146–47; female chasity, 182; natural disaster, 166–67; women, 136–37, 153–54; Xu Wei, 141–42. See also Ai Nanying; Madame Zhong; natural disasters; Tan Yunxian
Miscellaneous Record of a Female Doctor, 136–38, 139
miscellaneous writing. See biji (miscellanies, miscellaneous writing)
Mongols, 12, 118, 119, 121–27, 130
monks, 10, 11, 73, 79, 82, 84. See also Buddhism
mother(-in-law)–daughter(-in-law) relationship, 36, 155, 211
mothers, 39, 88, 116, 127, 153, 158, 209, 211, 214, 216, 218. See also mother(-in-law)–daughter(-in-law) relationship; mother-son relationship; women
mother-son relationship, 20–21, 33–35, 39, 56, 144, 158–60, 229, 233; Ban Zhao and son, 3–4; Can Yan and sons, 53–58; Wang Huizu and two mothers, 182–85, 187–207; Zeng Guofan and mother, 226, 227, 229
mourning and commemoration, 20–21, 86–87; Han Qi, 90–93; Han Yu, 88–90. See also death
Mozi, 45, 46
music, 43, 80, 117, 131, 151, 153–54, 158, 164

natural disasters, 12, 81, 96, 156, 166–74. See also drought
Neo-Confucianism, 94, 151, 209; Liu Kai and, 94–99; Wang Yangming, 141, 142
New Year, 112, 172, 186, 194, 197, 218, 222, 223
Nian rebels, 213–26, 238
nianpu (year-by-year autobiography), 8
Northern Song, 87, 94–95. See also Song (dynasty); Southern Song

Ouyang Xiu, 104, 150

palace women, 4–5, 67–70, 153–64. See also Ban Jieyu (Consort Ban); Madame Zhong; Zuo Fen
parent-child relationship, 70. See also father(-in-law)–daughter(-in-law) relationship; father-in-law–son-in-law relationship; father-son relationship; filial piety; grandmother-granddaughter relationship; grandmother-grandson relationship; mother(-in-law)–daughter(-in-law) relationship; mothers; mother-son relationship
philosophy. See Confucianism; Mozi; Neo-Confucianism; Wang Chong
poetry, 2, 3–5, 14, 34, 60, 66, 78, 123, 129, 142, 143, 238; Bai Juyi, 80–83; chanting about oneself, 107–9; Zeng Guofan on, 231–32; of Zuo Fen, 68–70
politics and factionalism, 49–50, 53, 59, 61–64, 141–42
Portrait of My Sister Pounding Clothes to Clean Them While Supervising My Study, 211
postscripts, 6, 135, 122; to Miscellaneous Record of a Female Doctor, 138–40; to Record of Heading South, 124–27
poverty, 5, 42, 108–9, 118, 162, 190, 212, 230; “Account of the Abode of Happiness amid Poverty,” 130–31; Liu Kai on, 97; Liu Tang on, 215–18, 230; Wang Chong on, 39–45; Xie Yingfang on, 131, 133; Zheng Xuan on, 50. See also droughts; famine; natural disasters
prefaces, 2, 6, 72, 101–2, 135, 146, 154, 236; to Brief Record at Longchuan, 103–4; to A Collection of Examination Essays, 147–52; to Family Journal at Yizhou, 105; to Miscellaneous Record of a Female Doctor, 136–38; to On the Standards for Literature, 60, 63–66; to Poems Dedicated to My Husband, 209–10; to Portrait of My Sister Pounding Clothes to Clean Them While Supervising My Study, 211–12; to Record of a Prisoner, 122–24; to Records of Official Travel, 106; to Rhapsody of Good Karma (Jingyefu), 73–76; to Separate Record at Longchuan, 104; to Zhushi, 102–3
prices, 167–69, 171–72, 174, 221
printing, 2, 12, 136, 138, 154
private secretaries, 181–207
Pu Songling, 166–67, 170–74

Qianlong reign, 176–77, 184–205
qin (musical instrument), 154, 164. See also music
Qing (dynasty), 166, 209, 213, 228; autobiographical writing, 8, 9, 10, 15; private secretary, 181–82; Qianlong reign, 176–77. See also Liu Tang; Pu Songling; Wang Huizu; Wang Zheng; Xu Yezhao; Zeng Guofan
Qu Yuan, 3, 70, 84

rebellions. See bandits and rebellions
Record of a Prisoner, 123–24
religion. See Buddhism; Daoism
Reminiscences of the Plum Shadows Convent (Yingmei An yiyu), 15
“Rescript for Accepting Blame,” 29–32
rhapsody, 66, 68
“Rhapsody of Thoughts on Separation,” 68–70
“Rhapsody on a Journey to the East” (Dongzheng fu), 3–4
“Rhapsody on Good Karma,” 73–76
“Rhapsody on the Hall of Numinous Brilliance,” 13
rural life, 166–74, 213–27. See also natural disasters

sages, 43, 46, 92, 154, 233
“Second Daughter’s Letter Home,” 33–34, 36
“Self-Mourning Rhapsody” (Zishang fu), 4
shame, 8–9, 40, 97, 127, 131, 143, 174, 206, 232, 234
Shang (dynasty), 20, 46, 74, 75, 81, 145
Shang Yang, 43
Shaoxing, 105, 182, 183, 193, 204
Shen Fu: Six Records of a Life Adrift (Fusheng liuji), 15
Shun, 42, 43, 46, 83, 91, 92, 131
Sima Guang, 9
Sima Qian, 6–9, 97, 98; letter to Ren An, 8; and Li Ling, 8
Sima Tan, 6
Sima Xiangru, 4
sister-brother relationship, 68–70, 117–18, 138, 209, 211–12
Six Records of a Life Adrift (Fusheng liuji), 15
Song (dynasty), 123, 125; autobiographical writing, 5, 7, 8–9, 11–12, 101–2; poetry, 107–9; travel diary, 111–14; women, 116–20
Song (mountain), 80
Song (state), 44
Southern Song, 111, 112, 117, 121, 122. See also Northern Song; Song (dynasty)
Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu), 63, 82, 150
Spring and Autumn period, 31, 40, 43, 45, 49, 50, 68, 76, 114
studying, 46, 66, 82, 99, 151, 182, 185, 211; Cao Cao, 60, 62; Cao Pi, 65; Liu Kai, 98–99; Lu Guimeng, 82–85; Wang Chong, 39–47; Wang Huizu, 185–90, 193, 199; Xu Wei, 142–43; Zeng Guofan, 230–34, 240; Zheng Xuan, 49–51. See also examinations; jinshi; literati
Su Qin, 43
Su Shi, 9, 105, 150
Su Zhe, 14, 101–4
suicide, 113, 116–19, 141–45
Sun Simiao, 135
Suzhou, 112, 113, 126, 178, 194

Taiping rebels, 213–14, 227; Zeng Guofan and, 230–38
Tan Yunxian, 135–40
Tang (dynasty), 68, 79, 94, 111, 159, 228; autobiographical writing, 1, 8, 9, 10; mourning and commemoration, 86–90; Tan poetry, 107
Tao Qian (Yuanming), 7, 80
tea, 78–79, 81, 84, 148, 149, 216, 235
Three Kingdoms Period, 59. See also Cao Cao; Cao Pi
travel, 5, 6, 25–27, 34, 50, 56, 80, 88, 92, 176–79, 211, 212, 228; ambassadorial mission, 111–14, 124–25; and biji writing, 101–6; by boat, 84, 105, 113, 125, 126, 133, 168, 178, 186, 187, 194, 197, 203, 229; by carriage, 112–14; diary, 111–14; by horse, 113–14; imperial tour, 177–78; by sedan chair, 80, 92, 229; wartime, 124–27. See also Wang Huizu

uncle-nephew relationship, 87–90

violence, 121, 166, 197, 213; testimony, 11–12. See also bandits and rebellions; dynastic collapse; war and military campaigns

Wang Chong, 38–39; career and scholarship, 40, 43–45, 47; character, 41–43; family, 39–40, 45–46; old age, 47
Wang Dechen, 101, 102–3
Wang Huizu, 8, 181–207, 208; crime investigation, 197–98; education and examination, 185–89, 193, 195, 199–203; father-in-law, 190–93; filial piety, 205; grandfather, 185–86; illness, 195–96; marriage, 189, 194, 201; parents, 183–84, 187, 189–90, 198–99, 204; Precepts for Local Administrative Officials (Zuozhi yaoyan), 207; salary, 206
Wang Xiuchu: “Ten Days in Yangzhou” (Yangzhou shiri), 11
Wang Yangming, 141, 142
Wang Zheng, 208–9, 211–12
war and military campaigns, 21, 29–32, 34–35, 53–58, 74, 91, 119. See also bandits and rebellions; dynastic collapse; violence
Warring States period, 49, 50, 62, 81, 114
Wei (dynasty), 59, 236
Wei Ye, 108
Wei Zhongxian, 141, 168
Wen Tianxiang, 8, 12, 121–27
Western Jin, 5, 67. See also Jin (dynasty, 3rd–4th centuries)
Western Zhou (dynasty), 15, 20, 145. See also Zhou (dynasty)
“White Hair Lament” (Baitou yin), 4–5
widows, 4, 68, 117, 209, 224; Madame Zhong, 153, 157, 159, 160, 162; Wang Huizu’s mothers, 182, 196, 198, 199. See also women
wine drinking, 46, 65, 105, 132, 200, 221; crime, 11; as offering, 86, 90, 92; in poetry, 107–9; in the Tang, 78–80, 82, 84; Tao Qian, 7
women, 73, 114, 172, 173, 230, 239; abduction of, 53–58; as ancestors, 20–21; doctor, 135–40; duties of, 230, 240; education of, 3, 135–36; in legal case, 24, 26–28; as letter writers, 33, 36, 153–65; men disguising as, 117; pregnancy and childbirth, 25–26, 156, 158; and suicide, 116–20; as travelers, 117–18; as victims of war, 53–58, 116–20; writers, 2–5, 7, 14–15, 53–58, 67–70, 116–20, 135–38, 153–65, 208–10. See also concubines; family relationships; female chastity; marriage; widows
Wu Yubi, 10
Wuxi, 133, 136, 168, 193

Xiao Yan. See Emperor Wu (of the Liang)
Xie Yingfang, 130, 132–34
Xiongnu, 5, 8, 29–32, 53–58
Xu Wei, 141–45
Xu Yezhao, 208–10
Xunzi, 98

Yan Song, 141, 142
Yan Zhitui, 12–13, 240
Yang Xiong, 45, 46, 98, 99
Yangzhou, 11, 47, 61, 125, 126, 127, 178, 192
Yangzi River, 83, 84, 88, 105, 125, 178, 179, 225, 236
Yanjing, 130
Yao, 42, 43, 47, 83, 91, 131
Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine (Huangdi neijing), 135, 143
Yellow River, 61, 112, 113, 114, 123, 178, 214
Yellow Turbans, 50, 61, 64
Yelü Chucai, 129–34
Yuan (dynasty), 130. See also Mongols
Yuan Haowen, 121–24
Yuan Shao, 61, 114

Zeng Gong, 150
Zeng Guofan, 9, 13, 15, 227–40
Zeng Jize, 227–40
Zhang Shinan, 101, 106
Zhang Zhongjing, 135
Zheng Xuan, 9, 12, 49–51
“Zheng’s Letter to Youqing and Junming,” 33, 35–36
Zhou (dynasty), 2, 15, 20, 21, 43, 46, 50, 62, 74, 75, 91. See also Western Zhou (dynasty)
Zhou (king), 75, 145
Zhu Xi, 94, 151
Zhu Yuanzhang, 130,133
Zhuangzi, 129, 130, 143
Zhuo Wenjun, 4–5
zither (qin), 58, 80, 81, 153, 154, 164. See also music
Zuo Fen, 5, 67–70, 116
Zuo Si, 68, 231

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